Stairs detail ppt

1. sTAIRS

2. TABLEOFCONTENTS
01 Stairs 02 Terminologies
03 Types 04 Dimensions

3. Introduction
by
HasnainAli

4. STAIRS
The word stair comes from Latin word “steiger”,
meaning “to climb”.
Basically it is a set of steps leading from one
floor of a building to another, typically inside the
building and also on the outside of buildings.
FUNCTIONSOFSTAIRCASE
Primary functions of staircase is provide an
access from one floor to another. Provide a safe
means of travel between floors. Provide an easy
mean of travel between floors. Provide a suitable
means of escape in case of fire.

5. Historyofstaircase
The history of stairs dates back to the first
human structures, which were most likely hewn
logs or flat rocks stacked for easier access to the
raised entrances of huts or even caves. As
civilization and building techniques advanced
around the world, magnificent staircases took
shape in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia
4,500 years ago in Pakistan, there
are examples of stone stairways.
Around 2000 BC the Egyptians
started to build stairs leading up
to temples

6. FunctionalRequirementsof
Stairs
In the design of any stairs people generally look upon its
aesthetics and appearance, but for effective and efficient
use of stairway one must know its functionality and use
along with its appearance.
01. Strength and Stability
02. Safety in Use
03. Fire Safety
04. Sound Insulation

7. FunctionalRequirementsofStairs
LOCATION
• IT SHOULD BE SO LOCATED THAT IT IS WELL LIGHTEDAND
VANTILATED DIRECTLY FROM THE EXTERIOR.
• IT SHOULD BE SO LOCATED AS TO PROVIDE EASY ACCESS TO THE
OCCUPANTS OF THE BUILDING.WIDTH OF STAIR
• IT SHOULD BE WIDE ENOUGH TO CARRY THE USER WITHOUT MUCH
CROWD
• WIDTH OF STAIR DEPENDS UP TO ITS LOCATION IN THE BUILDING
AND THE TYPE OF BUILDING ITSELF.
STEPS DIMENSION
• THE RISE AND GOING SHOULD BE SUCH DIMENSION AS TO PROVIDE
COMFORT TO
THE USERS.
• THE WIDTH OF THE LANDING SHOULD NOT BE LESS THAN THE WIDTH
OF STAIR.

9. Terminologies
by
BareeraMasud

10. Terminologies
2
Landing
It is the level platform at
the top or bottom of a
flight between the floors.
1
Flight
A series of steps between
different levels or storeys
of a building
3
Run
It is the total length of
stairs in a horizontal plane,
including landings
4
Winders
These are tapering steps which
are provided for changing the
direction of a stair.

11. Terminologies
6
Riser
It is the vertical distance
between two successive
tread faces.
5
Tread
It is the upper horizontal
portion of a step
7
Step
It is a portion of stair which
permits ascent and
descent. It is comprised of
a tread and riser.
8
Going
It is the horizontal distance
between two successive
riser faces.
9
Rise
It is the vertical portion of
a step providing a support
to the tread.

12. Terminologies
11
Handrail
It is the underside of a
stair
10
Baluster
It is vertical member of
wood or metal supporting
the hand rail.
14
Waist
The thickness of structural
slab in case of an R.C.C.
stair is known as a waist.
12
Newelpost
This is the vertical
member which is placed at
the ends of flights to
connect hand rail.
13
Soffit
The inclined rail over the
string is known as a
handrail.

13. Terminologies
16
Scotia
The approximate line of
movement of people on a
stair during ascending or
descending is known as a
walking line
15
Nosing
It is the projecting part of
the tread beyond the face
of the riser.
17
Lineof nosing
It is an imaginary line
touching of each tread and
is parallel to the slope of
the stair.
18
Walkingline
It is a moulding provided
under the nosing to improve
the elevation of the step.

14. Terminologies
20
Balustrade/ Barrister
It is the angle which the
line of nosing of the stair
makes with the horizontal.
19
Stringsorstringers
These are the sloping
wooden members which
support the steps in a stair.
21
Headroom
It is the minimum clear
vertical distance between
the tread and ceiling.
22
PitchorSlope
The combined framework of
handrail and balusters is known
as the balustrade or barrister.

15. JoiningTechniques
by
ImranQadir

16. JOININGTECHNIQUES
BASED ON TYPE OF MATERIAL
 WOODEN STAIR
 STEEL STAIR
 STONE AND CONCRETE STAIR

17. STAIRSMADEFROMWOOD
DOWELED WOODEN BRACKETS TREAD SUPPORTS
SADDLE-TYPESTAIRS
TWIN SUPPORTING STRINGS WITH HANDRAIL STANDARD
SOLID BLOCK STEPS

18. STAIRSMADEPREDOMINANTLYFROMSTEEL
SADDLE-TYPE STAIRS STRING STAIRCASES
STRING STAIRCASES STRING STAIRCASES

19. STAIRSMADEFROMSTONEANDCONCRETe
STAIRS ATTACHED
ON ONE SIDE ONLY
ONLY TREADS BUT NO
RISERS
RISERS AND TREADS MADE FROM CAST
OR NATURAL STONE

20. DesigningPrinciplesand
benefitsofdifferent
materials’stairsbyHAMZA
Naseem

21. PRINCIPLESTOBEOBSERVEDWHILEPLANNINGAND
DESIGNINGA STAIR:
:
1. Width of Stair: It should not be less than 3 feet.
2. Length of flight: The number of steps in a single flight should
not be more than 12.
3. Pitch of the stair: It should be between 25 to 40 Degrees
4. Width of landing: It should be 6 inches, more than the width of
stair.
5. Winders or kite steps: Odd shaped steps should be avoided
and incase found necessary. These should be provided at the
start of a stair.
6. Hand-rails: It should be 2 feet 6 inches to 2 feet 8 inches in
height from the top of respective step or landing.
7. Step proportions: The size of rise and tread in a stair should be
kept uniform through out the whole stair.
8. Headroom: Minimum of 6 feet 6 inches of clear headroom is
required above the pitch line

22. Differentmaterialsthatareusedinastairsand
theirbenefits:
TIMBER:
It Gives design flexibility, it is lightweight and easy to install.
GLASS:
It Gives an openness and a clean airy feel to a room that other
materials just don't provide.
STAINLESS STEEL:
It Is used for handrails and balustrade. It is easy to keep clean and is
non-corrosive so it doesn't rust.
STEEL:
Hardwearing and incredible strength. This allows you to increase the
span and length of the stair and makes it great for commercial stairs
that are exposed to high traffic.
STONE:
Marble stairs can have creative inlayed geometric or floral patterns and
can also be carve into vertical slabs or tiles, granite gives a rich shiny
look, sandstone provides a more rustic feel. One can choose different
stones in combination as per tastes, needs and the décor of the
surrounding area.