The document discusses different types of staircases and their components. It describes the requirements of a good staircase, including proper dimensions, location, width, pitch, headroom and balustrade. Various technical terms are defined, such as tread, riser, landing, flight and going. Staircases are classified as straight, turning, continuous and spiral. Common materials used in construction include timber, metal, reinforced concrete, stone and glass. Dimensions are provided to ensure comfort and safety standards are met.

1. STAIRCASE

2. CONTENTS
o Introduction
oTechnical Terms
o Requirements of good Staircase
o Dimensions of step
o Types of steps
o Classification of Staircase

3. INTRODUCTION
o Stairs is a set of steps which give access from floor to
floor.
o The room or enclosure of the building, in which stair
is located is known as staircase.
o Staircase provide access & communication between
floors in multi-storey buildings and are a path by
which fire can spread from one floor to another.
o Therefore it must be enclosed by fire resisting walls,
floors, ceilings and doors.
o It must be designed to carry certain loads, which are
similar to those used for design of the floors.
o Stairs may be constructed of Timber, Bricks, Stone,
Steel or Reinforced Cement Concrete.

4. TECHNICAL TERMS
o STEP:- It is a portion of stair which permits
ascent or descent. A stair is composed of a set of
steps.
o TREAD:- It is a upper horizontal portion of a
step upon which foot is placed while ascending or
descending.
o RISER:- It is a vertical portion of a step
providing support to the tread.
o LANDING:- It is level platform at the top or
bottom of a flight between the floors.
o FLIGHT:- This is an unbroken series of steps
between landing.

5. TECHNICAL TERMS
o RISE:- It is a vertical distance between two
successive tread faces.
o GOING:- It is a horizontal distance between two
successive riser faces.
o NOSING:- It is the projecting part of the tread
beyond the face of riser.
o SCOTIA:- It is a moulding provided under the
nosing to provide strength to nosing.
o SOFFIT:- it is the underside of a stair.
o PITCH OR SLOPE:- It is the angle which the
line of nosing of the stair makes with the
horizontal.

6. TECHNICAL TERMS
o STRINGS OR STRINGERS:- These are the
slopping members which support the steps in a
stair.
o NEWEL POST:- Newel post is a vertical
member which is placed at the ends of flight to
connects the ends of strings and hand rail.
o BALUSTER:- It is vertical member of wood or
metal, supporting the hand rail.
o HEAD ROOM:- It is the clear vertical distance
between the tread and overload structure.

7. TECHNICAL TERMS

8. REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD
STAIRCASE
O LOCATION
(a)They should be located near the main entrance to
the building.
(b)There should be easy access from all the rooms
without disturbing the privacy of the rooms.
(c) There should be spacious approach.
(d) Good light and ventilation should be available.

9. REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD
STAIRCASE
O WIDTH OF STAIR
(a)It should be wide enough to carry the user
without much crowd on inconvenience.
(b) In Residential building, a 90 cm wide stair is
sufficient while in public 1.5 to 1.8 m width may
required.
O LENGTH OF FLIGHT
(a)The number of steps should not be more than 12
& less than 3 from comfort point of view.

10. REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD
STAIRCASE
o PITCH OF STAIR
(a) Pitch should be limited to 30o to 45o .
o HEAD ROOM
(a) Height of head room should not be less than 2.1
to 2.3 m.
o BALUSTRADE
(a) Stair should always provided with balustrade.

11. REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD
STAIRCASE
oSTEP DIMENSION
(a)The rise and going should be of such dimensions
as to provide comfort to users.
(b)The going should not be less than 25 cm, though
30 cm going is quite comfortable.
(c) The rise should be between 10 to 15 cm.
(d)The width of landing should not be less than
width of stair.
o MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION
(a)The material should have fire resistance and
sufficient strong.

12. THUMB RULES FOR
DIMENSIONS OF STEP
(a) (2 X Rise in cm) + (Going in cm) = 60
(b) (Rise in cm) + (Going in cm) = 40 to 45
(c) (Rise in cm) X (Going in cm) = 400 to 450

13. TYPES OF STEPS
Flier
Bull Nose
Round Ended
Splayed
Commode
Dancing
Winders
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

14. CLASSIFICATION OF
STAIRCASE
o Straight Staircase
o Turning Staircase
(a) Quarter Turn
(b) Half Turn (Dog-Legged & Open well Staircase)
(c) Three-Quarter Turn Staircase
(d) Bifurcated Staircase
o Continuous Staircase
(a) Circular Staircase
(b) Spiral Staircase
(c) Helical Staircase

15. STRAIGHT STAIRCASE
o If the space available for stair case is narrow and
long, straight stairs may be provided.
o Such stairs are commonly used to give access to
porch or as emergency exits to cinema halls.
o In this type all steps are in one direction.
o They may be provided in single flight or in two
flights with landing between the two flights

16. STRAIGHT STAIRCASE

17. QUARTER TURN
STAIRCASE

18. DOG-LEGGED STAIRCASE
o It consists of two straight flights with 180° turn
between the two.
o They are very commonly used to give access from
floor to floor.
o Photograph shows the arrangement of steps in
such stairs.

19. DOG-LEGGED STAIRCASE

20. OPEN WELL OR NEWEL
STAIRCASE
o It differs from dog legged stairs such that in this
case there is 0.15 m to 1.0 m gap between the two
adjacent flights.

21. OPEN WELL OR NEWEL
STAIRCASE

22. GEOMETRICAL
STAIRCASE
o This type of stair is similar to the open newel
stair except that well formed between the two
adjacent flights is curved.
o The hand rail provided is continuous.

23. GEOMETRICAL
STAIRCASE

24. BIFURCATED STAIRCASE
o Apart from dog legged and open newel type
turns, stairs may turn in various forms.
o They depend upon the available space for stairs.
Quarter turned, half turned with few steps in
between and bifurcated stairs are some of such
turned stairs.
o Figure shows a bifurcated stair.

25. BIFURCATED STAIRCASE

26. BIFURCATED STAIRCASE

27. SPIRAL STAIRCASE
o These stairs are commonly used as emergency
exits.
o It consists of a central post supporting a series of
steps arranged in the form of a spiral.
o At the end of steps continuous hand rail is
provided.
o Such stairs are provided where space available
for stairs is very much limited.
o Figure shows a typical spiral stair. Cast iron,
steel or R.C.C. is used for building these stairs.

28. SPIRAL STAIRCASE

29. SPIRAL STAIRCASE

30. MATERIALS USED IN
CONSTRUCTION OF
STAIRCASE
o Timber
o Metal
o R.C.C.
o Stone
o Glass

31. TIMBER STAIRCASE

32. METAL STAIRCASE

33. R.C.C. STAIRCASE

34. STONE STAIRCASE

35. GLASS STAIRCASE