This document discusses different types of starters for 3-phase induction motors, including their operation and advantages/disadvantages. It describes stator resistance, auto-transformer, star-delta, rotor resistance, and direct online starters. The star-delta starter connects the motor in a star configuration at start to reduce voltage and current by 1/3, then switches to delta for run. The direct online starter connects the motor directly to full voltage, providing maximum torque but also maximum starting current of 6-8 times full load current. Variable frequency drives control motor speed by varying supply frequency and voltage.

1. 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
STARTER
• Prepared by:-
• Boghani Kaushal(130760109002)
• Patel Kishan(130760109013)
• More Aditya(130760109017)
• Submitted to:-
• Prof Keyur Denpiya
• Assistant Professor
• Electrical Department

2. STARTER

3. NEED OF STARTER
• If a rated stator voltage is applied to the motor at the time of starting,
then the motor will draw heavy starting current.
• This will lead to excess i2
R losses in the winding which will overheat
the motor.
• Secondly due to a heavy current drawn from the AC supply voltage
will reduce.
• The heavy starting current may damage the motor windings.
• In order to avoid these problems, we can use some kind of a starter to
start the induction motor safely.

4. TYPES OF STARTER
• Stator resistance starter
• Auto transformer starting
• Star-delta starter
• Rotor resistance starter
• Variable frequency starting
• Direct on line (DOL) starter

5. STATOR RESISTANCE STARTER

6. • A starter resistance is connected in each line in series with
each phase winding of the stator.
• Initially all the starter resistance are kept in “Start” position so
that they offer their maximum resistance .
• The switch is turned ON to connect the three phase AC supply
to the stator winding.
• Due to starter resistance in series, each phase winding will
receive a reduced voltage. Due to reduction in the value of V1 ,
the starting current is limited to a safe value.
• As the motor accelerates, the starter resistance is reduced by
moving the variable contact of the resistance towards the
“Run” position.
• In the “Run” position, the starter resistance is shorted out and
full stator voltage is applied across the stator winding.

7. AUTO-TRANSFORMER STARTER
• An autotransformer is used to apply a low voltage to the stator
winding at the time of starting. When the motor speed reaches
the desired level, autotransformer is disconnected and motor is
connected directly across the supply.
• The stator of the motor is connected through a 6-way double
throw switch.
• While starting, the switch is thrown to ‘Start’ side so that a
reduced voltage is applied to stator. This keeps the starting
current safe limits.
• Once motor take up the speed, the switch is throw to ‘Run’
side so that full supply voltage is applied to stator.
• A specific advantage of this starter is that reduction in voltage
during starting, can be done to any desired level by selecting
proper tapping of the autotransformer.

9. ROTOR RESISTANCE STARTER.
• This starter is used with a wound rotor induction motor. It
uses an external resistance/phase in the rotor circuit so that
rotor will develop a high value of torque.
• High torque is produced at low speeds, when the external
resistance is at its higher value.
• At start, supply power is connected to stator through a three
pole contactor and, at a same time, an external rotor resistance
is added.

10. • The high resistance limits staring current and allows the motor to
start safely against high load.
• Resistors are normally of the wire-wound type, connected through
brushes and slip rings to each rotor phase. They are tapped with
points brought out to fixed contactors.
• As the motor starts, the external rotor resistance is gradually cut out
of circuit ; the handle or starter is turned and moves the three
contacts simultaneously from one fixed contact to the next.
• The three moving contacts are interconnected to form a start point
for the resistors.

11. STAR DELTA STARTER
• Most induction motors are started directly on line, but when
very large motors are started that way, they cause a
disturbance of voltage on the supply lines due to large starting
current surges.
• To limit the starting current surge, large induction motors are
started at reduced voltage and then have full supply voltage
reconnected when they run up to near rotated speed.

12. STAR-DELTA CONNECTION IN
MOTOR

13. STAR DELTA POWER CIRCUIT

14. STAR DELTA CONTROL CIRCUIT

15. MOTOR STARTING
CHARACTERISTICS OF STAR-DELTA
STARTER:
• Available starting current: 33% Full Load Current.
• Peak starting current: 1.3 to 2.6 Full Load Current.
• Peak starting torque: 33% Full Load Torque.

16. ADVANTAGES OF STAR-DELTA
STARTER:
• The operation of the star-delta method is simple and
rugged
• It is relatively cheap compared to other reduced
voltage methods.
• Good Torque/Current Performance.
• It draws 2 times starting current of the full load
ampere of the motor connected

17. DISADVANTAGES OF STAR-DELTA
STARTER:
• Low Starting Torque, only 33% starting torque
• Break In Supply – Possible Transients
• Six Terminal Motor Required (Delta Connected).
• It requires 2 set of cables from starter to motor.
• The delta of motor is formed in starter and not on motor
terminals.
• Applications with a load torque higher than 50 % of the motor
rated torque will not be able to start using the start-delta
starter.
• Low Starting Torque: reduction of the line voltage by a
factor of 1/√3 (57.7%) to the motor and the current is reduced
to 1/3 of the current at full voltage, but the starting torque is
also reduced 1/3 to 1/5 of the DOL starting torque .

18. WIRING DIAGRAM OF DOL STARTER:

19. MOTOR STARTING
CHARACTERISTICS ON DOL
STARTER:
• Available starting current: 100%.
• Peak starting current: 6 to 8 Full Load Current.
• Peak starting torque: 100%

20. ADVANTAGES OF DOL STARTER:
• Most Economical and Cheapest Starter
• Simple to establish, operate and maintain
• Simple Control Circuitry
• Easy to understand and trouble shoot.‐
• It provides 100% torque at the time of starting.
• Only one set of cable is required from starter to motor.
• Motor is connected in delta at motor terminals.

21. DISADVANTAGES OF DOL STARTER:
• It does not reduce the starting current of the motor.
• High Starting Current: Very High Starting Current
(Typically 6 to 8 times the FLC of the motor).
• Mechanically Harsh: Thermal Stress on the motor, thereby
reducing its life.
• Voltage Dip: There is a big voltage dip in the electrical
installation
• High starting Torque: Unnecessary high starting torque,
even when not required by the load.

22. SUITABILITY
• DOL is Suitable for:
• Small water pumps, compressors, fans and conveyor belts.
• Motor rating up to 5.5KW
• DOL is not suitable for:
• The peak starting current would result in a serious voltage
drop on the supply system
• Motor rating above 5.5KW

23. VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE
(VFD)
• A variable-frequency drive (VFD), also termed adjustable-
frequency drive, variable speed drive, AC drive, micro drive
or inverter drive is a type of adjustable-speed drive used in
electro-mechanical drive systems.
• It controls AC motor speed and torque by varying motor input
frequency and voltage.

24. PRINCIPLE OF VFD
• Variable frequency Drive, principle of the same is by
regulating the frequency, we can regulate the speed of drive
• Example - n=120f/p
• Where,
• n - speed
• f - frequency
• p – nos. of poles

25. VFD FLOW DIAGRAM

26. APPLICATION
• Cane Carrier Drive,
• Feeder Table Drive,
• Milling Plant Drive,
• Raw juice Pumps,
• Sulphited Juice Pumps,
• Molasses Pumps,
• Injection Pumps,
• Cooling Tower Pumps and
• Centrifugals for a Sugar Curing and Chemical Dosing pump.

27. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DOL/STAR
DELTA /AUTOTRANSFORMER
Sr
.
DOL Starter Star delta starter Auto transformer
starter
1 Used up to 5 HP Used 5 HP to 20HP Used above 20 HP
2 Does not decrease
the starting current
Decreases the starting current
by 1/3 times
Decreases the starting
current as required
3 It is cheap It is costly It is more costly
4 It connects directly
the motor with
supply for starting
as well as for
running
It connects the motor first in
star at the time of starting in
delta for running
It connects the motor
according to the taping
taken out from the auto
transformer

28. THANK YOU