The document summarizes the design of mobile phone antennas. It describes the development of antennas from external to internal designs. It then details the design of a single band PIFA antenna for 1.575GHz and a wideband PIFA antenna covering 1.8-2.6GHz for 4G networks. Key steps included determining resonant frequencies, simulating antenna performance in COMSOL, and analyzing results such as return loss and bandwidth. Techniques for increasing bandwidth included slotted ground planes and using air as the dielectric.
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Frequency Independent Antennas:
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Broadband antennas
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Multiband antennas
Antenna resonate at different frequencies.
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTEENA USING METAMATERIAL SUBSTRATEPrateek Kumar
Dissertation part-1 presentation on design of rectangular patch antenna using metamaterial substrate by Prateek Kumar from RUSTAMJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BORDER SECURITY FORCE TEKANPUR GWALIOR (M.P).
Frequency Independent Antennas:
Wide band antennas
Frequency independent bandwidth in octave range
Broadband antennas
Frequency independent bandwidth in the range 40:1
Multiband antennas
Antenna resonate at different frequencies.
Microstrip antenna (also known as a printed antenna) usually means an antenna fabricated using microstrip techniques on a printed circuit board (PCB). They are mostly used at microwave frequencies.
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Microstrip antenna (also known as a printed antenna) usually means an antenna fabricated using microstrip techniques on a printed circuit board (PCB). They are mostly used at microwave frequencies.
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Planar antennas, including microstrip and printed antennas, metal-plate antennas, ceramic chip and dielectric resonator antennas have a low profile hence, these antennas have extensive applications in mobile systems (such as 900/1800 MHz bands), wireless local area networks (WLANs, such as 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz bands), ultra-wideband (UWB, such as 3.1 ~ 10.6 GHz band) communications.
this discusses reflectarray antena and the difference between reflectarray and parabolic antenna , refelctarray antenna types,equation and applications and it's elements
Deep Learning libraries and first experiments with TheanoVincenzo Lomonaco
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framework that best suits our needs: Theano. Eventually, we implement a simple convolutional neural net
using this framework to test both its ease-of-use and efficiency.
This slide describes design and simulation about the micro strip patch antenna using HFSS software.study the return characteristics,gain(db)and radiation pattern
As the given frequency & substrate thickness, we calculate substrate length,width & patch length.you can refer theory in "ANTENNA THEORY" by C.A.Balanis
This thesis focuses on mobile phones antenna design with brief description about the historical development, basic parameters and the types of antennas which are used in mobile phones. Mobile phones antenna design section consists of two proposed PIFA antennas. The first design concerns a single band antenna with resonant frequency at GPS frequency (1.575GHz). The first model is designed with main consideration that is to have the lower possible PIFA single band dimensions with reasonable return loss (S11) and the efficiencies. Second design concerns in a wideband PIFA antenna which cover the range from 1800MHz to 2600MHz. This range covers certain important bands: GSM (1800MHz & 1900MHz), UMTS (2100MHz), Bluetooth & Wi-Fi (2.4GHz) and LTE system (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz). The wideband PIFA design is achieved by using slotted ground plane technique. The simulations for both models are performed in COMSOL Multiphysics.
The last two parts of the thesis present the problems of mobile phones antenna. Starting with Specific absorption rate (SAR) problem, efficiency of Mobile phones antenna, and hand-held environment.
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cellular applications. The PIA antenna is composed of ground plane, meander radiating strip and two other
parasitic strips are printed on a common substrate. The designed antenna has been simulated in CST
environment. The simulated results for the resonant frequency, return loss, radiation pattern and gain are
presented and discussed. The bandwidths for three resonance achieved on the basis of -6 dB return loss.These
Bandwidths can be utilized for GSM 900, GSM 1800, GSM 1900, LTE 2300 and Bluetooth/WLAN as an
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head on CST environment. The simulated results of SAR analysis are presented in this paper with acceptable
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A Low Profile CombinedArray Antenna for Wireless Applicationdbpublications
In wireless communication, micro strip antenna is used for various applications such as Wireless local area network, Bluetooth, Cordless Telephones and ISM band. Here a low profile microstrip antenna is to be designed. The antenna is constructed with FR4 substrate having relative permittivity of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm. The unique (symmetric) array design enhances the narrow bandwidth and gain. The design results in extended WLANin X-band applications. Using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software package, the antenna is simulated and dimensions are adjusted to achieve the desired resonant frequencies for desired operation.
Microstrip patch antenna with defected ground structure for biomedical applic...journalBEEI
Proper narrowband antenna design for wearable devices in the biomedical application is a significant field of research interest. In this work, defected ground structure-based microstrip patch antenna has been proposed that can work for narrowband applications. The proposed antenna works exactly for a single channel of ISM band. The resonant frequency of the antenna is 2.45 GHz with a return loss of around -30 dB. The -10dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 20 MHz (2.442-2.462 GHz), which is the bandwidth of channel 9 in ISM band. The antenna has achieved a high gain of 7.04 dBi with an increase of 17.63% antenna efficiency in terms of realized gain by using defected ground structure. Three linear vector arrays of arrangement 1 2, 1 4 and 1 8 have been designed to validate the proposed antenna performances as an array. The proposed antenna is light weighted, low cost, easy to fabricate and with better performances that makes it suitable for biomedical WLAN applications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
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A multiband PIFA is proposed which operates on DCS, PCS, 3G, 4G, Bluetooth, WLAN & GPS bands. This antenna is designed and simulated in HFSS. The results shows good gain and radiation pattern at all resonant frequencies.
A Multiband Printed Antenna Suitable for Wireless ApplicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This study deals with a new research work on a low cost multiband printed antenna
which can be used for three operating frequency bands GSM900/PCS/WIFI/Bluetooth. The
achieved antenna is mounted on an FR-4 substrate. In this study, the solts technique is used to
obtain the multiband behavior. The different solts are inserted in the radiator face and the back
face that is the ground. The whole circuit is optimized taking into account the good matching of
the input impedance in the operating frequency bands with a stable radiation pattern. In order to
optimize the proposed antenna structure we have used CST-MW and to compare the obtained
simulation results we have conducted another electromagnetic simulation by using HFSS
solver. The final circuit validated into simulation has been fabricated and tested which permits to
validate the proposed multiband antenna.
In the present paper a circular slot rectangular microstrip loaded antenna is proposed. The obtained bandwidth of rectangular microstrip antenna is improved up to 46.92%. The proposed antenna has frequency band in the frequency range 1.979 GHz to 3.192 GHz this frequency band is suitable for WLAN / WiMAX and other wireless communication applications. The microstrip antenna suffers from narrow bandwidth hence the present work provide an alternative solution to increase the bandwidth. The gain has been improved up to 4.68dBi and antenna efficiency is 97.63%. The proposed slot loaded Microstrip antenna is fed by 0.3 mm line feed. The proposed antenna is simulated by IE3D Zealand simulation software based on method of moments.
Microstrip Rectangular Monopole Antennas with Defected Ground for UWB Applica...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the design of new compact antennas for ultra wide band applications. Each antenna consists of a rectangular patch fed by 50Ω microstrip transmission line and the ground element is a defected ground structure (DGS). The aim of this study is to improve the bandwidth of these antennas by using DGS and the modification geometry of rectangular structure, which gives new compact antennas for UWB applications. The input impedance bandwidth of the antennas with S11<-10dB is more than 10GHz, from 3GHz to more than 14 GHz. The proposed antennas are investigated and optimized by using CST microwave studio, they are validated by using another electromagnetic solver Ansoft HFSS. The measured parameters present good agreement with simulation. The final antenna structures offer excellent performances for UWB system.
Microstrip Rectangular Monopole Antennas with Defected Ground for UWB Applica...
Thesis presentation
1. Mobile Phone Antennas Design
Nazem Alsmadi & Khalid Saif
nazemalsmadi@hotmail.com khaled_s_23@yahoo.com
2. Presentation goals
• To investigate a single band PIFA antenna structure which can
be integrated in today mobile phones.
• To investigate and design a wideband PIFA antenna which
cover the range from 1800MHz to 2600MHz.
4. Introduction
• The huge development of the mobile phones have grown
up rapidly in the last years leads to minimized the mobile
phones sizes thus the antennas become smaller.
• Electrically small antenna:
It is a passive device which used in mobile terminals to send
and receive signals, this passive devices are excited by AC
feeding with certain frequency to force the antenna to radiate.
5. The development of mobile phone antennas
• External antenna
http://mashable.com/2014/03/13/first-cellphone-on-sale/ http://tech-kid.com/nokia-phone.html http://www.northstandchat.com/showthread.php?289468-Your-first-ever-Mobile -Phone-and-what-make- and-model-was-it-!/page3
Motorola
DynaTAC8000X with
Sleeve dipole antenna.
Nokia 1011
supports only
GSM900 single
band
Motorola m300 support
only GSM1800 single
band
6. The development of mobile phone antenna
• Internal antenna
http://www.mondomobileblog.com/2010/03/31/codici-segreti-nokia-6630
Nokia 3210 and its internal
antenna which is installed to
the top left of the back view of
the mobile phone.
Nokia6630 mobile and with
dual mode tri-band,
GSM900/1800/1900 and
UMTS 2100.
9. Design
Mobile phone antenna design:
• Single band PIFA antenna.
• Wideband PIFA antenna.
NOTE: the both PIFA antennas models are simulated in
COMSOL Multiphysics
10. Design
Single band PIFA antenna
Model description:
- The desired bandwidth is a single frequency 1.575 GHz.
- Omni-directional receive only mode antenna.
- The gain should be between -3dB to 0dB.
Material Dielectric constant ( 𝝐 𝒓)
Air 1
FR-4 4.5
Nylon 3.8*
Glass (quartz) 4.2
Silicon 11.7
PTEF 2.1
* The Dielectric constant of Nylon accordinghttp://www.professionalplastics.com/professionalplastics/
ElectricalPropertiesofPlastics.pdf
11. Design
Calculations
The antenna to the left and its dimensions 𝐿1 = 20𝑚𝑚, 𝐿2 = 10𝑚𝑚,
𝑤 = 2𝑚𝑚 , ℎ = 4𝑚𝑚 𝜖 𝑟 = 3.8, Δ = 0.2𝑚𝑚 to the right the casing’s
dimensions have length =119mm, width =60mm.
The resonant wavelength of a
PIFA antenna can be calculated
as following:
𝑳 𝟏 + 𝑳 𝟐 − 𝑾 =
𝝀 𝟎
𝟒
, 𝜆0 = 112 mm
The relation between the
resonant wavelength and the
resonant frequency can be
determined by the equation:
𝒇 𝟎 =
𝒄 𝟎
𝝀 𝟎 𝝐 𝒓
, 𝒇 𝟎 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟒 𝐆𝐇𝐳
12. Design
Simulations
- The materials are inserted in each domain.
- The outer shell of the casing is simulated
with PTFE material.
- A 50 Ω lumped port is used to excite the
antenna and determine the input impedance.
- A sphere with radius 100mm, material air has a five perfect matched layers
in order for the radiation to be able to travel anywhere.
- The metal part of the antenna element at frequency 1.575 GHz can be
modeled using perfect electric conductor boundaries
13. Design
Result and Analysis
The plot shows that the electric field is strong at
one of the top metallic surface shell far from the
feeding point. This looks alike the E-field
distribution of a quarter wavelength monopole
antenna, which the PIFA derived from.
The antenna gain on xy-plane varies from about
-6dBi to 1.5dBi. The azimuthal radiation pattern
is not Omni-directional any more, since the
antenna is mounted on the ground plane and
miniaturized.
14. Design
Result and Analysis
S-parameters (S11) measurements indicate that at
1.575GHz is -13dB which means that the reflected
power is 5%. This describes how well the antenna input
impedance is matched to the 50 Ω reference impedance.
Antenna’s bandwidth regarding figure 3.1.7 is
a narrow bandwidth:
𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ ≈
1.577 − 1.557
1.570
× 100 = 1.2%
The wide bandwidth for GPS antenna is not
required. So the bandwidth above is sufficient.
𝑳 𝟏 𝑳 𝟐 𝑾 𝑯
𝒇 𝟎
Effect of geometric dimensions on resonant frequency.
Conclusion
15. Design
Wideband antenna design
Model description
- PIFA antenna design using slot, with a desired range of
frequency from 1800MHz to 2600MHz. This important
range cover GSM (1800MHz & 1900MHz), UMTS
(2100MHz), Bluetooth and Wi-Fi (2.4GHz), and LTE
system (2.3GHz, 2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz).
- The model consists of the same materials which are
used in pervious design except the dielectric material
between the PIFA and the ground plane which is air
with (𝜖 𝑟) equals to 1.
16. Design
Calculations
The illustration dimensions of the PIFA 𝐿1 = 24𝑚𝑚 ,
𝐿2 = 10𝑚𝑚 , ℎ = 4𝑚𝑚 , 𝑊 = 2𝑚𝑚 and the ground plane
with its slot dimension 𝑑 𝑠 = 5𝑚, 𝐿𝑠 = 28𝑚𝑚 , 𝑊𝑠 = 2𝑚𝑚.
24 + 10 − 2 =
𝜆0
4
, 𝜆0 = 128mm
𝑓0 =
3×108
128×10−3×√1
= 2.343𝐺𝐻𝑧
The desired bandwidth percentage:
𝑓𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 =
2600+1800
2
= 2200𝑀𝐻𝑧
𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ% =
2600−1800
2200
× 100 = 36.36%
If the bandwidth percentage higher than 20%,
that’s bandwidth is considered as a wide
bandwidth.
18. Design
Result and Analysis
- The resonant frequency is 2.4GHz with -40dB and
return loss of the range from
1800MHz to 2500MHz is ≤ −10𝑑𝐵.
- By including 2.6GHz we have a wide bandwidth
equal to 36.36%
- The resonant frequency is 2GHz with
return loss -10dB.
- 𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ% ≈
2.01−1.99
2
= 1%
Return loss with slot Return loss without slot
19. Design
Result and Analysis
Techniques which are used to increase the Bandwidth for proposed PIFA:
• Bandwidth depends very much on the size of the ground plane.
• Using slotted ground plane: using a slot with proper length to get other resonant
frequencies.
• Using Air as a dielectric material between the PIFA element and the ground plane this
technique improves the Bandwidth and enhances the gain.
Conclusion
A wideband PIFA antenna has been designed and presented. The proposed PIFA antenna
occupies a compact envelope dimension of 24 × 10 × 4𝑚𝑚3
while covering the required
wide band with a sufficient impedance matching (S11 ≤ -10 dB) covering GSM (1800MHz
&1900MHz), UMTS (2100MHz), Bluetooth & Wi-Fi (2.4GHz), and LTE system (2.3GHz,
2.5GHz, and 2.6GHz).
21. Problems of mobile phone
antennas
• Efficiencies of mobile phone antennas.
• Tradeoff between size and performance.
• Bandwidth.
• Mutual coupling antennas to antenna loss.
• The hand-held environment problem.
23. Reference[19] T. Taga and K. Tsunekawa, “Performance analysis of a built-in planar inverted F antenna for 800 MHz band portable radio
units,” IEEE J.Select. Areas Commun, vol. SAC-5, pp. 921–929, June 1987.
[20] K. Sato, K. Matsumoto, K. Fujimoto, and K. Hirasawa, “Characteristics of a planar inverted-F antenna on a rectangular
conducting body,” Electron. Commun. Japan, pt. 1, vol. 72, pp. 43–51, 1989.
[21] T. Taga, “Analysis of planar inverted-F antennas and antenna design for portable radio equipment,” in Analysis, Design, and
Measurement of Small and Low-Profile Antennas, K. Hirasawa and M. Haneishi,Eds. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1992, pp.
161–180.
[22] P. Vainikainen, J. Ollikainen, O. Kivekäs, and I. Kelander, “Resonator- based analysis of the combination of mobile handset
antenna and chassis,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 50, pp. 1433–1444, Oct. 2002.
[23] http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-7697-21043/unrestricted/CH1_2.PDF
[24]Chuang, H. R. “Human Operator Coupling Effects on Radiation Characteristics of a Portable
Communication Dipole Antenna”., IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, v. 42, n. 4,
April 1994, pp. 556-560.
[25] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone_4
[26] The Annual Workshop and Feder Award Ceremony 2010. Speaker: Prof. Raphael Kastner, Tel Aviv University.
[27] Research Article: Novel Wideband MIMO Antennas That Can Cover the Whole LTE Spectrum in Handsets and Portable
Computers, Mohamed Sanad1 and Noha Hassan2
[28] Balanis, Constantine A. "Antenna Theory - Analysis and Design", 2005, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons ///page 80.
[29] IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 54, No. 4, August 2012.
[30] http://ecee.colorado.edu/~bart/ecen6355/app-04.pdf