Therapy methods have evolved over time from institutionalization to community-based treatment. There are various forms of psychotherapy including psychoanalysis, humanistic, behavior, and cognitive therapies. Psychotherapy involves interaction with a trained professional to understand and change behavior, thinking, relationships, and emotions. Current therapies also include biomedical approaches using medications and procedures, as well as combining therapies to fit each client's specific needs.

1. Therapy Methods

3. Therapy
• It used to be that if
someone exhibited
abnormal behavior,
they were
institutionalized.
• Because of new drugs
and better therapy,
the U.S. went to a
policy of
deinstitutionalization.

4. Therapy

5. Other Reforms in Treatment
 Seeing the “insane” as ill
instead of “possessed”
 Treating them with
tenderness, not harshness
 Housing them in hospitals
rather than locking them
up in asylums
 Developing
psychotherapeutic
treatments, medications,
and community supports
to allow life outside
hospitals
Reforms in Treatment
This chair was designed to
be an improvement in
medical treatment. It was
meant to have a calming
effect on people with
mania.

6. Psychotherapy:
an interactive
experience with a
trained professional,
working on
understanding and
changing behavior,
thinking, relationships,
and emotions
Current Forms of Therapy
Biomedical therapy:
the use of medications
and other procedures
acting directly on the
body to reduce the
symptoms of mental
disorders
There are various forms of psychotherapy.
Combining Therapies
An eclectic approach uses
techniques from various forms
of therapy to fit the client’s
problems, strengths, and
preferences.
Medications and psychotherapy
can be used together, and may
help the each other achieve
better reduction in symptoms.

7. Noteworthy Schools of Psychotherapy
 Psychoanalysis, psychodynamic therapy
 Humanistic, client-centered therapy
 Behavior therapy, using conditioning
 Cognitive therapy, changing thoughts
Sigmund Freud’s legacy carried on today
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
B.F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov applied to people
Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis, reducing errors
and distress

8. Psychotherapy
• An interaction between a trained
therapist and someone suffering from
psychological difficulties.

9. Psychoanalysis
• Freud's therapy
•Freud used free association, hypnosis
and dream interpretation to gain
insight into the client’s unconscious.

10. Psychoanalytic Therapy
• Psychoanalysis (manifest
and latent content
through…. hypnosis free
association, dream,
interpretation).
• Unconscious
• Transference
• Other therapies will
result in symptom
substitution.

12. Humanistic Therapy
• Client-Centered Therapy
by Carl Rogers
• These are non-directive
therapies and use active
listening.
• Self-actualization, free-
will and unconditional
positive regard.
• Gestalt Therapy by Fritz
Perls encourage clients to
get in touch with whole
self.

13. Behavior Therapies
• Therapy that applies learning principles
to the elimination of unwanted
behaviors.
•The behaviors are the problems- so
we must change the behaviors.

14. Behavioral Therapies
Counterconditioning
• Classical Conditioning
1. Aversive Conditioning
2. Systematic
desensitization
3. Flooding
Operant Conditioning
• Token Economy

15. Cognitive Therapy (CT)
• Type of psychotherapy
• Developed by American
psychiatrist Aaron T.
Beck.

16. Aaron Beck and his view of
Depression
• Noticed that
depressed people were
similar in the way they
viewed the world.
• Used cognitive therapy
to get people to take
off the “dark
sunglasses” in which
they view their
surroundings

17. Cognitive Therapy
• Change the way we
view the world
(change our
schemas)
• Albert Ellis and
Rational Emotive
Therapy

18. Psychotherapy:
an interactive
experience with a
trained professional,
working on
understanding and
changing behavior,
thinking, relationships,
and emotions
Current Forms of Therapy
Biomedical therapy:
the use of medications
and other procedures
acting directly on the
body to reduce the
symptoms of mental
disorders
There are various forms of psychotherapy.
Combining Therapies
An eclectic approach uses
techniques from various forms
of therapy to fit the client’s
problems, strengths, and
preferences.
Medications and psychotherapy
can be used together, and may
help the each other achieve
better reduction in symptoms.

21. Biomedical Therapies
Psychopharmacology
• Antipsychotics
(thorazine, haldol)
• Anti-anxiety (valium,
barbiturates, Xanax)
• Mood Disorders
(serotonin reuptake
inhibitors)
• Bipolar (lithium)

25. Somatic Therapy
• Electroconvulsive
Therapy (ECT)- for
depression.
• Psychosurgury
1. Prefontal lobotomy

28. Group Therapy

29. Virtual Technology Exposure Therapy

30. Eclectic Approach
• The most
popular form
of therapy
• A
smorgasbord
where the
therapist
combines
techniques
from
different
schools of
psychology.