The theory of connectivism proposes that learning occurs through connections within networks. Some key principles are that learning is an ongoing process of connecting information sources, knowledge of how to find information is more important than possessing it, and learning can occur outside of humans through online communities and databases. The document discusses how connectivism and flexible learning environments are well-suited theories and models for online learning in the digital age. It provides examples of using connectivism to create a flexible online space for sharing information and learning.