https://youtu.be/QNP4KkNFzu4 Thematic analysis is a technique of data analysis while conducting a qualitative study. Thematic analysis is the most recognized, adapted, and used approach to analyze qualitative data. This video is made as per the illustrations and procedures explained in the Braun and Clarke (2006) research article on Thematic Analysis. Have you just conducted a qualitative study involving: Interviews Focus Groups Observations Document or artifact analysis Journal notes or reflections? How to use this type of data? Just as there are numerous statistical tests to run for quantitative data, there are just as many options for qualitative data analysis. THEMATIC APPROACH Most common forms of analysis in qualitative research. It emphasizes Pinpointing, Examining, Recording Patterns (or "themes") within data. Themes are patterns across data sets that are important to the description of a phenomenon and are associated to a specific research question. Themes become categories for analysis 6 Phases of Coding (Thematic Analysis) 1-Familiarization with data 2-Generating initial codes 3-Searching for themes among codes 4-Reviewing themes 5-Defining and naming themes 6-Producing the final report

1. Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research
Explained with
Example
COURSE: QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
INSTRUCTOR: SUFI NOUMAN RIAZ
DATE: 24 FEB 2020
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 1
LEC # 02

2. Have you just conducted a qualitative study
involving…
Interviews
Focus Groups
Observations
Document or artifact analysis
Journal notes or reflections?
Data Collection
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 2

3. Just as there are numerous statistical
tests to run for quantitative data,
there are just as many options for
qualitative data analysis…
How to use this type of
data?
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 3

4. INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 4

5. THEMATIC APPROACH
Most common forms of analysis in qualitative
research
It emphasizes
Pinpointing
Examining
Recording
Patterns (or "themes") within data.
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 5

6. Themes
Themes are patterns across data sets
that are important to the description
of a phenomenon and are associated
to a specific research question.
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 6

7. Themes become
categories for
analysis
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 7

8. Approach to Thematic
Analysis
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 8

9. Let’s suppose you’ve interviewed
10 to 12 participants and
gathered data in the form of
keynotes and Audio Recordings
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 9

10. TRANSCRIPTION
Many qualitative studies collect
audio or video data (e.g.
recordings of interviews, focus
groups or talk in consultation),
and these are
usually transcribed into written
form for closer study
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 10

11. INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 11

12. TRANSCRIPTION
After data collection, the researcher needs to begin
copying the data into written form. It involves:
 Quickly Browse through all records, as a whole
 Make notes about your first impression
 Read the transcripts again, one by one
 Read vary carefully, line by line
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 12

13. Coding
Coding is an analytical process in
which data sets are categorized to
facilitate analysis.
“Coding is used to identify Themes”
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 13

14. Think of managing your qualitative analysis
process like cleaning your closets – the same basic
steps apply!
LIKE CLEANING A CLOSET
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 14

15. Take everything out of the closet
Sort everything, Keep or free
Organize leftovers it into sub-groups (chunking)
Organize sub-groups into clusters of similar things
that belong together (codes)
As you put things back, how would you group them
to maximize functionality? (interpretation,
presentation)
It’s the same process…
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 15

16. PHASES
Psychologists Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke developed this approach
performed through the process of coding in six phases to create
established, meaningful patterns. These phases are:
1. Familiarization with data
2. Generating initial codes
3. Searching for themes among codes
4. Reviewing themes
5. Defining and naming themes
6. Producing the final report
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 16

17. INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 17
Thesis Title

18. INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 18
Research Questions

19. INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 19

20. INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 20
Physical Description
Widowed
Positive Qualities
Humor
Keep Busy
Future plans
Traveling hobby

21. Coding
a)Data reduction
b)Data complication
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 21

22. How to do this:
Label relevant words
Stay close to transcription
The data which is most relevant. It can be :
Repeated several times.
It surprises you
It explicitly states that it is important
It reminds you of a theory or concept
It is related to published reports
Create categories by bringing several codes together.
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 22

23. Data Reduction
Reduce data to classes or categories in which the researcher is
able to identify segments of the data that share a common
category or code.
Siedel and Kelle (1995) suggest three ways to aid with the
process of data reduction and coding:
(a) Noticing relevant phenomena
(b) Collecting examples of the phenomena
(c) Analyzing phenomena to find similarities,
differences, patterns and overlying structures.
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 23

24. Data Complication
Going beyond the data
Create new interpretations
Finding hidden Patterns
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 24

25. INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 25

26. INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 26

27. INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 27

28. 3. Searching for themes
In this phase, it is important to begin by examining
how codes combine to form over-reaching themes
in the data. At this point, researchers have a list of
themes and begin to focus on broader patterns in
the data, combining coded data with proposed
themes. Researchers also begin considering how
relationships are formed between codes and themes
and between different levels of existing themes.
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 28

29. INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 29
Frequency
Descriptive codes
Sub Theme / Category
Themes

30. INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 30

31. Producing the report
After final themes have been reviewed, researchers
begin the process of writing the final report. While
writing the final report, researchers should decide
on themes that make meaningful contributions to
answering research questions which should be
refined later as final themes.
INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 31

32. INSTITUTE OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF PUNJAB. 32