Qualitative Research and its Types Ethnography Method Narrative Method Phenomenological Method Grounded Theory Method Case Study Historical Method

2.  Research is defined as careful consideration of
study regarding a particular concern or problem
using scientific methods.
 According to the American sociologist Earl Robert
Babbie, “research is a systematic inquiry to describe,
explain, predict, and control the observed
phenomenon. It involves inductive and deductive
methods.”
 Inductive research methods analyze an observed
event, while deductive methods verify the observed
event.
 Inductive approaches are associated with qualitative
research, and deductive methods are more
commonly associated with quantitative analysis.

3.  Research methods are broadly classified as Qualitative and
Quantitative. Both methods have distinctive properties and data
collection methods.
 Qualitative methods: Qualitative research is a method that
collects data using conversational methods, usually open-ended
questions.The responses collected are essentially non-numerical.
This method helps a researcher understand what participants
think and why they think in a particular way.
 Quantitative methods: Quantitative methods deal with numbers
and measurable forms. It uses a systematic way of investigating
events or data. It answers questions to justify relationships with
measurable variables to either explain, predict, or control a
phenomenon.

4.  Qualitative research is the process of collecting,
analyzing, and interpreting non-numerical data,
such as language. Qualitative research can be
used to understand how an individual
subjectively perceives and gives meaning to
their social reality.
 Qualitative data is defined as non-numerical
data, such as text, video, photographs or audio
recordings.This type of data can be collected
using diary accounts or in-depth interviews, and
analyzed using grounded theory or thematic
analysis.

5.  It is a process of naturalistic inquiry that seeks an in-
depth understanding of social phenomena within
their natural setting.
 It focuses on the "why" rather than the "what" of
social phenomena and relies on the direct experiences
of human beings as meaning-making agents in their
every day lives.
 Rather than by logical and statistical procedures,
qualitative researchers use multiple systems of inquiry
for the study of human phenomena including
biography, case study, historical analysis, discourse
analysis, ethnography, grounded theory, and
phenomenology.

6.  Below are the most commonly used
qualitative research types for writing a
research paper
1. Ethnography Method
2. Narrative Method
3. Phenomenological Method
4. GroundedTheory Method
5. Case Study
6. Historical Method

7.  Purpose: Describe cultural characteristics
 Method:
1. Identify the cultural aspects and variables by reviewing
the literature
2. Getting involved in the environment, live with the target
audience, and collect data through observing and
interacting with subjects
 Analysis: Describe the main parameters of culture
 Outcomes: A detailed description of the social
morals

8.  Purpose: Collect data in the form of a cohesive
story
 Method:
1. Review the sequence of events, and conduct interviews
to describe the largest influences that affected an
individual.
 Analysis: Analyze different life situations and
opportunities
 Outcomes: Present a short story with themes,
conflicts, and challenges

9.  Purpose: Describe the experiences, events, or
situations from different angles
Method:
1. Sampling and data collection by conducting interviews,
observation, surveys, and reading documents
2. Describe and write the experience of the phenomena
 Analysis: Classify the data and examine the
experiences beyond human awareness
 Outcomes: A database is formed to describe the
findings from a subject’s viewpoint

10.  Purpose:
• Used to develop theory, identify social development
and ways to deal it
• Involves the formulation and testing of data until the
theory is developed
 Method:
1. Data collection methods such as interviews, observation,
literature review, and document analysis
 Analysis: Theory formation and development by a
sampling of literature
 Outcomes: Theory supported by relevant examples
from data

11.  Purpose: Describe an experience, person, event, or
place in detail
 Method:
1. Direct observation and interaction with the subject
 Analysis: Analyze the experiences
 Outcomes: An in-depth description of the subjects

12.  Purpose: Describe and examines past events to understand
present patterns and predicting future scenarios
 Method:
1. Develop your idea after reading the relevant literature
2. Develop the types of qualitative research questions
3. Identify the sources - archives, libraries, papers
4. Clarify the reliability and validity of data sources
5. Create a research outline to organize the process
6. Collect data
 Analysis:
• Analyze the data by accepting or rejecting it
• Identify the conflicting evidence
 Outcomes: Present the findings in the form of biography or paper

13. Thank you

14.  https://www.myperfectwords.com/blog/research-
paper-guide/types-of-qualitative-research
 https://sixthfactor.com/2019/04/29/5-types-
qualitative-research-methods/
 https://bizfluent.com/info-8580000-six-types-
qualitative-research.html
 https://www.simplypsychology.org/qualitative-
quantitative.html