Brief introduction to history of china and its administrative divisions
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Brief introduction about chinese history including pre imperial era and post imperial era in China, Chinese culture & language and its territorial administrative divisions.
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Brief introduction to history of china and its administrative divisions
- 3. Institute of Administrative Sciences University of the Punjab Course: Program and Policy Evaluation Instructor: Prof. Afzal Khial
- 4. Brief Introduction of China Constituti onal Structure Power and Functions of Administr ative Setups Civil Service of China Educatio n & Health System of China Ownershi p Right in China H. M. Nouman Riaz
- 5. East of Continent of Asia
- 6. China •Total land area of 9.6 million square kilometers •Beijing, the capital of China (located in the Eastern 8th Zone) •"Beijing Time" is the standard for the whole country
- 7. China •Population – 1.39 Billion (2017) •GDP – 12.24 trillion USD (2017) •Currency – Renminbi (1 Yuan) (20.77 Pakistani Rupee)
- 8. Brief History of China The Chinese history may be divided into three periods: 1. Pre-imperial China (the dynasties of Xia, Shang, Zhou up to 221 BC) 2. Imperial China (Qin dynasty 221 BC - Qing dynasty 1911) 3. New China (1911 – modern time).
- 9. Brief History of China • Early civilization with a longest history (about 4000 BC) • Cradle of global civilizations (Eastern part of Continent of Asia) • Historically ruled by dominant families called Dynasties
- 10. Brief History of China… • Xia Dynasty, which began in the 21st century BC • (residing between two rivers ; Yellow & Yangtze)
- 11. Oracle Bones witnessed: Shang dynasty (1600–1046 BC)
- 12. Brief History of China… • The Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BC) (Mandate of Heaven) •External and Internal influences splintered the country in small states •Warring states period – Era of Division (475–221 BC) •Emergence of culture, literature and philosophy
- 13. Brief History of China… Qin Dynasty – Imperial China (221 BC) Remarkably stable civilization, which led the world in art and technology, with inventions. •Established measures •System of Taxation
- 14. Brief History of China… Great Wall of China
- 15. Terracotta Army
- 16. Brief History of China… •Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) •Longest-lived dynasty (Golden Age) •Development of bureaucratic offices (People tested for their position for government offices, not hereditary) •Civil service exam •Confucianism adopted by state
- 17. • Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD) •Empire – central Asia to China Sea, Indochina to Korea •Trade of Chinese fruits, silks, and spices in Rome (1st century •Buddhism came from India •First paper made Brief History of China…
- 18. Brief History of China… • YUAN DYNASTY - MONGOL RULE (1259-1368) • Genghis Khan Conquered Asia • Kublai Khan (Grandson of Genghis) • Ruled for about 100 years • Capital – Peking (Beijing) • Trade with Europe begun • MING DYNASTY (1368-1644) • Indochina, Korea, Mongolia, Tibet, eastern Turkestan
- 19. Brief History of China… •Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1912) Last Dynasty •Xinhai Revolution – Chinese Revolution (1911) •Sun Yat-sen became president of Republic of China (1912) •Communist Party of China (1921) – Mao Zedong •People’s Republic of China (1949)
- 21. Brief History of China… Chinese Civil War (1927 – 1950) •Fought between General Chang Kai-Shek (Nationalists) & Mao Zedong (Communists) •Korean War (1950 – 1953) (Against USA) •Cultural Revolution (1966 – 1976) a nation-wide movement against feudalism (also including religion) and capitalism.
- 22. Brief History of China… Modern China •China remains divided between Taiwan and Mainland China •Communism abandoned in the 1990’s moving toward market economy •Major industrial and financial leader today •Owns over half of the United States Debt.
- 23. Chinese Cultural Landscape Three main religions or philosophical school of thoughts 1. Taoism (Philosophical way) 2. Confucianism (Confucius, Zhou Dynasty) 3. Buddhism (Footprints of Buddha)
- 24. Chinese Cultural Landscape… Evolving core values over 6000 years •Traditional Chinese Culture (Religious Philosophy) •Marxist philosophy •The influence of western culture (Individual liberty and success, Utilitarian, Money worship)
- 26. Chinese Cultural Landscape… •Collectivism •Power Distance •Hierarchical society
- 27. Chinese Cultural Landscape… •Chinese new year is referred to as Lunar New Year •The first day of Chinese New Year begins on the new moon that appears between 21 January and 20 February •Chinese New Year is associated with several myths and customs
- 29. Chinese Cultural Landscape… • The Chinese will sometimes nod as an initial greeting. • Bowing is seldom used except in ceremonies. • Address Chinese by their title with surname. • Handshakes are the most common form • The leader/ oldest is always greeted first • When exchanging business card, hold the card in both hands when offering it or receiving it; examine a business card before putting it on the table next to you or in a business card case • Business interactions between men and women are reserved. After an initial handshake, avoid body contact such as hugging or kissing on the cheek.
- 30. Chinese Cultural Landscape… You may be invited to eat at someone's home. Always bring a gift (fruit or flowers or something from your own country), and remember to take your shoes off at the threshold.
- 31. Chinese Cuisine People regard food as their heaven. •Food the first necessity of man. •People regard food as their prime want. •7 daily necessities, woods (coals), rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea.
- 33. Language In China there are at least eight different linguistic groups, in addition to hundreds of dialects and variations. Most of the times they are not mutually understandable. The official language is Mandarin Chinese, bases on the dialect of the ethnic group the Han, originally from the North.
- 34. Language •Spoken by 94 % of China’s population •Square Characters •Formed of strokes •Occupy the same spacing in printed paper •Ideograph（表意文字） & Pictograph •Rich in Senses
- 39. Territorial Administrative Setup •Three-tier system •The country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government (Article 30 of Constitution)
- 40. Territorial Administrative Setup… The People's Republic of China has •23 provinces •5 autonomous regions •4 centrally administered municipalities (Provincial level cities) •2 special administrative regions Hong Kong (Former British Dependency) Macao (Former Portuguese Dependency)
- 41. The Constitution empowers the state to establish Special Administrative Regions when necessary. A SAR is a local administrative area directly under the Central Government. (Article 31 of Constitution)
- 42. Is Taiwan currently a SAR or Province? The status of a special administrative region for Taiwan was first proposed in 1981 •Anniversary of offer in 2019 •PRC will become sole representative of China •360 degree autonomy •“One Country, two Systems”
- 43. Taiwan Taiwan Issue is a result of China's civil war in late 1940s. In the earlier years of separation of mainland China and Taiwan, both sides of China (also called People's Republic of China "PRC" or "communist China", "red China" , "mainland China") and Taiwan (also called Republic of China "ROC") claim the legal sovereignty over China. Mainland China keeps claiming Taiwan as one of its provinces while Taiwan regards itself as an independent country.
- 44. Territorial Administrative Setup… •Autonomous regions •Autonomous prefectures •Autonomous counties are all ethnic autonomous areas.
- 45. Territorial Administrative Setup… Autonomous Region is a minority entity which has higher population of a particular minority ethnic group. China has 5 autonomous regions: Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Tibet (Xizang) and Xinjiang
- 46. CentralGovernmentof China Provinces Autonomous Regions Municipalities • Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, KPK, GB • Azad Kashmir • FATA, Capital
- 53. Central Government Municipalities Municipalities are directly under the administration of central government. A municipality has the same political, economical and jurisdictional rights as a province. China has 4 municipalities: Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai and Tianjin.