This document summarizes a research paper on a proposed zero-voltage zero-current switching (ZVZCS) topology and tuning method for a wireless electric vehicle battery charger. Some key points:
- The proposed topology aims to achieve both ZVS and ZCS for all power transfers to improve efficiency for inductive power transfer systems used for wireless EV charging.
- The topology utilizes an existing L-C compensation network along with auxiliary components to achieve ZVS and ZCS. This allows for a constant output voltage even with wide input voltage variations.
- MATLAB/Simulink simulations validate the operating principle and show ZVS turn-on for switches S1-S4 and ZCS turn-on for
A Review of Analysis and Modeling of Grid Connected Three Phase Multilevel Un...IRJET Journal
This document reviews a five-level multiple-pole structure for a grid connected three phase multilevel unity power rectifier that aims to improve power factor and reduce total harmonic distortion using fewer components. The proposed design is a five-level/multiple-pole multilevel unity power factor rectifier that achieves unity power factor and input current shaping with a reduced number of components. It uses a simple control method based on average current control at a low switching frequency to compensate for grid current harmonics. Simulation results show the design has better dynamic response and tracking under unbalanced grid conditions compared to other existing rectifier topologies.
IRJET - Design and Analysis of a SEPIC Integrated Boost (SIB) Converter using...IRJET Journal
- The document presents the design of a SEPIC integrated Boost (SIB) converter using a coupled inductor. The proposed converter has advantages like lower voltage stress on switches, non-inverting output voltage, high efficiency, and high voltage gain.
- The proposed converter consists of two switches, three inductors (including a coupled inductor), two diodes, and three capacitors. It can be easily controlled in continuous conduction mode by giving the two switches the same gate pulses.
- Simulation results show that the proposed converter achieves a high output voltage gain and verifies its performance for both open-loop and closed-loop topologies.
PERFORMANCE EXPLORATION OF SINGLE PHASE DAB DC-DC CONVERTER UNDER LOAD VARIATIONIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the performance of a single phase Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter under varying load conditions. It aims to achieve high efficiency and quick dynamic response. The converter uses phase shift pulse width modulation control of switches. Simulation results in Matlab/Simulink show the load voltage and power performance with and without a proportional-integral voltage controller. The controller helps regulate the voltage and improve the dynamic response during load changes.
A Self-Balancing Switched Capacitor Multilevel Inverter Structure with Six-fo...IRJET Journal
This document describes a novel self-balancing switched capacitor multilevel inverter structure that can generate 13 voltage levels from a single DC supply using 3 capacitors and 14 switches. Key features include its ability to automatically balance capacitor voltages through series and parallel charging and discharging, and its reduction in maximum blocking voltage stress across switches compared to similar topologies. The document outlines the circuit configuration, operating principle with 13 states, capacitor sizing analysis, and modulation scheme. Simulation results validate the performance and viability of the proposed topology, which is well-suited for renewable energy applications due to its reduced switching stresses.
IRJET- Single Switched Capacitor High Gain Boost Quasi-Z Source ConverterIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed single switched capacitor high gain boost quasi-Z source converter. The converter aims to achieve the benefits of both quasi-Z source converters and switched capacitor converters. It maintains low current stress on the switch, low voltage stress on the diodes at the output, and provides high voltage gain across the load using similar components as other step-up DC-DC converters. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the characteristics of the proposed converter, such as achieving maximum efficiencies of 92-94% theoretically and practically.
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm Based Improvement of Efficiency in Interleaved B...IJPEDS-IAES
The reliability, efficiency, and controllability of Photo Voltaic power systems can be increased by embedding the components of a Boost Converter. Currently, the converter technology overcomes the main problems of manufacturing cost, efficiency and mass production. Issue to limit the life span of a Photo Voltaic inverter is the huge electrolytic capacitor across the Direct Current bus for energy decoupling. This paper presents a two-phase interleaved boost converter which ensures 180 angle phase shift between the two interleaved converters. The Proportional Integral controller is used to reshape that the controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the control inputs and also real coded genetic algorithm is proposed for tuning of controlling parameters of Proportional Integral controller. The real coded genetic algorithm is applied in the Interleaved Boost Converter with Advanced Pulse Width Modulation Techniques for improving the results of efficiency and reduction of ripple current. Simulation results illustrate the improvement of efficiency and the diminution of ripple current.
IRJET-Study of Three State Switching Cell Based DC-To-DC ConverterIRJET Journal
This document presents a study of a three-state switching cell based DC-to-DC converter. It describes the system configuration including a voltage multiplier and three-state switching cell incorporated into a buck-boost DC-DC converter topology. MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experimental testing of a prototype 1kW converter is performed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrating boost and buck operation with input voltages of 40V and 80V regulating the output to 134V are presented and discussed. The converter achieves high voltage gain with reduced component sizes and voltage stresses on the switches.
Dynamic model of A DC-DC quasi-Z-source converter (q-ZSC)IJECEIAES
Two quasi-Z-source DC-DC converters (q-ZSCs) with buck-boost converter gain were recently proposed. The converters have advantages of continuous gain curve, higher gain magnitude and buck-boost operation at efficient duty ratio range when compared with existing q-ZSCs. Accurate dynamic models of these converters are needed for global and detailed overview by understanding their operation limits and effects of components sizes. A dynamic model of one of these converters is proposed here by first deriving the gain equation, state equations and state space model. A generalized small signal model was also derived before localizing it to this topology. The transfer functions (TF) were all derived, the poles and zeros analyzed with the boundaries for stable operations presented and discussed. Some of the findings include existence of right-hand plane (RHP) zero in the duty ratio to output capacitor voltage TF. This is common to the Z-source and quasi-Z-source topologies and implies control limitations. Parasitic resistances of the capacitors and inductors affect the nature and positions of the poles and zeros. It was also found and verified that rather than symmetric components, use of carefully selected smaller asymmetric components L1 and C1 produces less parasitic voltage drop, higher output voltage and current under the same conditions, thus better efficiency and performance at reduced cost, size and weight.
A Review of Analysis and Modeling of Grid Connected Three Phase Multilevel Un...IRJET Journal
This document reviews a five-level multiple-pole structure for a grid connected three phase multilevel unity power rectifier that aims to improve power factor and reduce total harmonic distortion using fewer components. The proposed design is a five-level/multiple-pole multilevel unity power factor rectifier that achieves unity power factor and input current shaping with a reduced number of components. It uses a simple control method based on average current control at a low switching frequency to compensate for grid current harmonics. Simulation results show the design has better dynamic response and tracking under unbalanced grid conditions compared to other existing rectifier topologies.
IRJET - Design and Analysis of a SEPIC Integrated Boost (SIB) Converter using...IRJET Journal
- The document presents the design of a SEPIC integrated Boost (SIB) converter using a coupled inductor. The proposed converter has advantages like lower voltage stress on switches, non-inverting output voltage, high efficiency, and high voltage gain.
- The proposed converter consists of two switches, three inductors (including a coupled inductor), two diodes, and three capacitors. It can be easily controlled in continuous conduction mode by giving the two switches the same gate pulses.
- Simulation results show that the proposed converter achieves a high output voltage gain and verifies its performance for both open-loop and closed-loop topologies.
PERFORMANCE EXPLORATION OF SINGLE PHASE DAB DC-DC CONVERTER UNDER LOAD VARIATIONIRJET Journal
The document analyzes the performance of a single phase Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter under varying load conditions. It aims to achieve high efficiency and quick dynamic response. The converter uses phase shift pulse width modulation control of switches. Simulation results in Matlab/Simulink show the load voltage and power performance with and without a proportional-integral voltage controller. The controller helps regulate the voltage and improve the dynamic response during load changes.
A Self-Balancing Switched Capacitor Multilevel Inverter Structure with Six-fo...IRJET Journal
This document describes a novel self-balancing switched capacitor multilevel inverter structure that can generate 13 voltage levels from a single DC supply using 3 capacitors and 14 switches. Key features include its ability to automatically balance capacitor voltages through series and parallel charging and discharging, and its reduction in maximum blocking voltage stress across switches compared to similar topologies. The document outlines the circuit configuration, operating principle with 13 states, capacitor sizing analysis, and modulation scheme. Simulation results validate the performance and viability of the proposed topology, which is well-suited for renewable energy applications due to its reduced switching stresses.
IRJET- Single Switched Capacitor High Gain Boost Quasi-Z Source ConverterIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed single switched capacitor high gain boost quasi-Z source converter. The converter aims to achieve the benefits of both quasi-Z source converters and switched capacitor converters. It maintains low current stress on the switch, low voltage stress on the diodes at the output, and provides high voltage gain across the load using similar components as other step-up DC-DC converters. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the characteristics of the proposed converter, such as achieving maximum efficiencies of 92-94% theoretically and practically.
Real Coded Genetic Algorithm Based Improvement of Efficiency in Interleaved B...IJPEDS-IAES
The reliability, efficiency, and controllability of Photo Voltaic power systems can be increased by embedding the components of a Boost Converter. Currently, the converter technology overcomes the main problems of manufacturing cost, efficiency and mass production. Issue to limit the life span of a Photo Voltaic inverter is the huge electrolytic capacitor across the Direct Current bus for energy decoupling. This paper presents a two-phase interleaved boost converter which ensures 180 angle phase shift between the two interleaved converters. The Proportional Integral controller is used to reshape that the controller attempts to minimize the error by adjusting the control inputs and also real coded genetic algorithm is proposed for tuning of controlling parameters of Proportional Integral controller. The real coded genetic algorithm is applied in the Interleaved Boost Converter with Advanced Pulse Width Modulation Techniques for improving the results of efficiency and reduction of ripple current. Simulation results illustrate the improvement of efficiency and the diminution of ripple current.
IRJET-Study of Three State Switching Cell Based DC-To-DC ConverterIRJET Journal
This document presents a study of a three-state switching cell based DC-to-DC converter. It describes the system configuration including a voltage multiplier and three-state switching cell incorporated into a buck-boost DC-DC converter topology. MATLAB/Simulink simulation and experimental testing of a prototype 1kW converter is performed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrating boost and buck operation with input voltages of 40V and 80V regulating the output to 134V are presented and discussed. The converter achieves high voltage gain with reduced component sizes and voltage stresses on the switches.
Dynamic model of A DC-DC quasi-Z-source converter (q-ZSC)IJECEIAES
Two quasi-Z-source DC-DC converters (q-ZSCs) with buck-boost converter gain were recently proposed. The converters have advantages of continuous gain curve, higher gain magnitude and buck-boost operation at efficient duty ratio range when compared with existing q-ZSCs. Accurate dynamic models of these converters are needed for global and detailed overview by understanding their operation limits and effects of components sizes. A dynamic model of one of these converters is proposed here by first deriving the gain equation, state equations and state space model. A generalized small signal model was also derived before localizing it to this topology. The transfer functions (TF) were all derived, the poles and zeros analyzed with the boundaries for stable operations presented and discussed. Some of the findings include existence of right-hand plane (RHP) zero in the duty ratio to output capacitor voltage TF. This is common to the Z-source and quasi-Z-source topologies and implies control limitations. Parasitic resistances of the capacitors and inductors affect the nature and positions of the poles and zeros. It was also found and verified that rather than symmetric components, use of carefully selected smaller asymmetric components L1 and C1 produces less parasitic voltage drop, higher output voltage and current under the same conditions, thus better efficiency and performance at reduced cost, size and weight.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new topology for a module integrated converter (MIC) for photovoltaic systems. The researchers developed a MIC using a tapped inductor topology to boost the output voltage from a single PV module. They designed and simulated the proposed MIC, which uses two DC-DC converters connected differentially to generate the output AC voltage. Simulation results showed the MIC increases voltage gain, efficiency and reduces harmonic distortion compared to traditional converters. It was concluded that the proposed MIC could be effectively implemented in microgrid applications under the concept of an "AC module".
FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER BASED MPPT METHODS FOR THE MULTILEVEL INVERTERS TO THE...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a 17-level cascaded multilevel inverter topology using a switched capacitor approach for electric vehicles. It presents modeling of the solar PV array and DC-DC boost converter. A fuzzy logic controller is designed for maximum power point tracking of the solar PV system and compared to a perturb and observe MPPT algorithm. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller in terms of settling time, power loss and operating point stability. The proposed topology is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and experimentally verified.
IRJET- Dynamic Voltage Restorer Frame Work to Improve Power Quality of the Di...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed framework for integrating ultracapacitors (UCAP) with a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to improve power quality on the distribution grid. The DVR compensates for voltage sags and swells by injecting voltage in-phase with the grid. Integrating UCAP provides active power support to handle deeper or longer disturbances without relying solely on the grid. Simulation results show the UCAP-DVR system can maintain constant load voltage during faults by injecting compensating voltage from the UCAP through a bi-directional DC-DC converter and three-phase inverter. This integration improves the DVR's capability to restore voltages during faults on the distribution grid.
Analysis and simulation of even-level quasi-Z-source inverterIJECEIAES
This research proposes a seven-level inverter with quasi-Z-source boost converters. The proposed topology employs a packed U-cell asymmetrical type multilevel inverter along with front-end quasi-Z-source networks. The quasi networks provide high gain compared to a conventional boost converter. This topology is the most suitable for photovoltaic multi-string applications. The proposed topology has the potential to supply both the alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) type load. The inverter structure has a lower number of active switches which helps in the reduction of losses and improvement in efficiency. In this paper, the operation principle of a quasi-network and inverter circuit are explained in detail. In addition, the simulation results for various modulation indices are presented. In the MATLAB/Simulink environment, the architecture is proposed by using gated sinusoidal “Pulse width modulation”.
Parameter estimation and control design of solar maximum power point trackingIJECEIAES
Parameters evaluation, design, and intelligent control of the solar photovoltaic model are presented in this work. The parameters of zeta converters such as a rating of an inductor, capacitor, and switches for a particular load are evaluated its values to compare the trade of the existing model and promoted to research in the proposed area. The zeta converter is pulsed through intelligent controller-based maximum power point tracking (intelligent-MPPT). The intelligent controller is a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) which extracts maximum power from the solar panel using the zeta converter. The performance of evaluated parameters based on the solar system and zeta converter is seen by an intelligent control algorithm. Moreover, evaluated parameters of solar photovoltaic (PV) and zeta converter can be examined the performance of fuzzy based intelligent MPPT under transient and steady-state conditions with different solar insolation. The brushless direct current motor-based water pump is used as the direct control (DC) load of the proposed model. The proposed model can enhance the research and assist to develop a new configuration of the present system.
Performance numerical evaluation of modified single-ended primary-inductor c...IJECEIAES
Single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) was considered a good alternative to a DC-DC converter for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The SEPIC converter can operate with an input voltage greater or less than the regulated output voltage, or as a step-up or step-down. As a step-up converter, SEPIC boosts PV voltage to specific levels. However, gain limitation and voltage stress continue to reduce the efficiency of conventional SEPIC converters. Because of this, researchers created a modified SEPIC converter to improve performance. In this paper, six modified SEPIC converters were compared and evaluated. To compare fairly, all modified SEPIC converters are nonisolated and use a single switch. Power simulator (PSIM) software was used to simulate each converter with a BISOL BMO-250 PV module and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) P&O controller. The converter with the highest static voltage gain and lowest duty cycle has been identified. It results in up to ten times voltage increment with a 0.8-duty ratio. All topologies have the same voltage stress, with maximum and minimum values of 30.1 and 29.5 V, respectively. On the other hand, each topology produces different average efficiencies, with the highest and lowest efficiency at 99.5% and 97.2%, respectively.
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with ...IJERA Editor
A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually ―converts‖ most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme with PI and ANN with Hysteresis controller then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in Simulation, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced cost.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Typical Chemical Industry Electrical Distributi...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of the electrical distribution system for a typical large-scale chemical industry plant using ETAP software. The existing 11kV distribution network is analyzed and found to be insufficient for current load demands. A new optimized distribution network is proposed, including three 11kV/415V distribution transformers, duplicate and sectionalized main buses, motor control centers, and backup diesel generators. Load flow analysis is performed on the proposed network under normal and abnormal conditions. The results show improvements in voltage profile, losses, and power factor compared to the existing network.
Back to Back Connected Multilevel Converters: A ReviewIOSR Journals
This document provides a review of back-to-back connected multilevel power converters. It discusses the need for back-to-back converters using multilevel topologies in high power applications. The key multilevel converter topologies that can be connected back-to-back including diode clamped, capacitor clamped, and H-bridge converters are summarized. The components required for back-to-back multilevel converter systems like power devices, controllers, and sensors are also outlined. Finally, the document reviews recent developments in control strategies for multilevel converters connected back-to-back.
Renewable Energy Integration in Smart Grids: A Review of Recent Solutions to ...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of recent solutions to integrating renewable energy into smart grids. It identifies the most prevalent issues with renewable energy integration, such as the intermittency of sources like solar and wind power, and issues with grid voltage and frequency stability. It then summarizes several selected solutions that have been proposed to address these challenges, including using energy storage systems, advanced inverters, machine learning for power forecasting, and systems to improve grid stability like synchronverters. The review concludes that while progress has been made in renewable energy integration, continued work is still needed to fully address the multidimensional problems involved.
Reconfiguration and Capacitor Placement in Najaf Distribution Networks Sector...IRJET Journal
This document discusses reconfiguring distribution networks and optimally placing capacitors in Najaf, Iraq's distribution systems to improve performance. It provides background on distribution system design using software like CYM_Dist to minimize losses through reconfiguration and reactive power support. The document outlines the proposed methodology, which includes load allocation, network reconfiguration to reduce losses while respecting constraints, and identifying optimal capacitor placement and sizing. It reviews relevant literature on techniques like sensitivity analysis and heuristic optimization for reconfiguration and capacitor placement. The methodology is then applied to the 11kV Al Jamiea distribution system in Najaf as a case study.
IRJET- A Novel Modified Switched Capacitor Nine Level Inverter Topology with ...IRJET Journal
The document proposes a new switched-capacitor multilevel inverter topology with reduced switch count that can produce a nine-level staircase output voltage from multiple DC sources. It utilizes asymmetric DC voltage sources from renewable energy farms to reduce the number of inverters needed. The topology inherently solves the capacitor voltage balancing problem and can step up the input voltage without a bulky transformer. It is intended for use in high frequency AC power distribution systems to achieve benefits like smaller component sizes and higher power density. The performance of the proposed topology is evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink.
Input switched closed-loop single phase SEPIC controlled rectifier with impro...IJECEIAES
DC power supply has become the driving source for some essential modern applications. Thereby, DC power conditioning has become a significant issue for engineers. Typically used rectifiers associated with a bridge structure is nonlinear in nature. Thereby, the current at input side of the rectifier contains harmonics, which also flow through the power line. The presence of harmonics causes several interruptions and reduce power quality. In this regard, a new close loop SEPIC controlled rectifier is proposed in this paper. The conventional scheme is arranged with a rectifier connected to a DC-DC converter, which is an open loop system. Consequently, such system cannot regulate voltage at load varying condition. The proposed SEPIC controlled rectifier can regulate voltage under load varying condition for a wide range. Additionally, the performance in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) of input current and power factor at AC side are also within satisfactory range for the closed loop configuration. The controlled rectifier has four operating phases associated with switching states and input voltage polarity. The close loop configuration also incorporates a current and a voltage loop at the feedback path. The comparative studies have been performed among the proposed closed loop construction, the open-loop structure as well as the conventional construction. The effectiveness of the proposed controlled rectifier is verified in terms of THD and input power factor considering the results obtained from simulation.
IRJET- Implementation of Multilevel Inverter using Solar PV Array for Renewab...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of a multi-level inverter using a solar PV array for renewable energy applications. Specifically, it proposes a system that uses a MPPT controller with a dc/dc converter and a nine-level inverter. It describes the design and components of the proposed prototype, including the solar PV array, modified SEPIC converter for high voltage gain, multi-level H-bridge inverter topology, and MPPT controller. A PIC microcontroller is used to implement the MPPT algorithm and control the system. Finally, an isolated MOSFET driver circuit is discussed to safely and efficiently drive the MOSFETs in the system.
An Efficient Wireless Power Transfer Methodology for Electric Vehicle Battery...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an efficient wireless power transfer method for electric vehicle battery charging using a series L-C compensation topology. It presents the general configuration of a wireless power transfer system including a transmitter placed under the road and a receiver placed in the vehicle. It then discusses the simulation modeling of the proposed system and presents the circuit design parameters. The results of MATLAB simulations show that the proposed method can transfer a maximum of 23.08W of power wirelessly to charge an EV battery to 48.09V and 0.48A, demonstrating the feasibility of using this approach for electric vehicle charging.
The main objective of this research work is to develop KY conveter topology for renewable energy sources.Solar energy is the readily available and is the cheapest form of energy. It is non-polluting and environment friendly. The development of high static gain DC-DC converters is an important research area due to the crescent demand of this technology for several applications supplied by low DC output voltage power sources. It is used to provide the uninterruptable power supply and battery powered to the system. So here, step-up DC-DC converters based on the KY converter are proposed for LED lighting systems. The proposed topologies present high voltages and high efficiency for low input voltage and high output voltage applications. The simulation results of the proposed topology have been presented using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
IRJET - Comparative Study of Different AC-DC Converter for High Step DownIRJET Journal
This document compares a single-stage three-phase AC-DC converter using SiC MOSFETs to a conventional two-stage AC-DC converter. The single-stage converter removes the need for a separate DC-DC stage by using a high frequency transformer to directly step down the voltage from the PFC stage. This makes the design more compact and efficient with lower costs compared to the conventional two-stage approach with its 10 switches and separate DC-DC stage. Simulation results show the THD is reduced to 10% and efficiency increased to 95% with the proposed single-stage design.
A New Voltage Balancing Converter for Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Invert...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a grid-connected photovoltaic system that uses a Neutral Point Clamped multilevel inverter with fuzzy MPPT tracking and a voltage balancing converter.
2) The proposed voltage balancing converter can equalize the voltages of the DC link capacitors without using magnetic components, and can boost the input voltage without needing additional DC sources.
3) The system was modeled in MATLAB/SimPowerSystems and aims to maximize solar panel output power using fuzzy logic MPPT control while maintaining steady output voltage through balanced capacitors.
A Novel High Gain SEPIC Converter with the Tapped Inductor Model Operating in...IJPEDS-IAES
Power factor correction (PFC) has become one of the most active research
areas in the field of power electronics due to the surplus power required for
various industrial applications around the world. In this work, a novel SEPIC
converter with the tapped inductor model operating in discontinuous
conduction mode (TI-SEPIC- DCM) is proposed for PFC. The proposed TISEPIC-
DCM improves the voltage gain through voltage multiplier cell and
charge pump circuit. The voltage multiplier cell also helps in attaining the
zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-current switching (ZCS), which
results in higher switching frequency and size reduction. Moreover, a third
order harmonic reduction control loop has been proposed for better harmonic
mitigation. The proposed work has been simulated in MATLAB and the
results are obtained to validate the significance of the proposed TI-SEPICDCM
with near unity power factor and reduced harmonics.
Studies On Switching Losses In Electric Vehicle Drive Train SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses reducing switching losses in the drive train system of electric vehicles. It proposes using an interleaved boost converter and cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (MLI) topology for the powertrain system. The interleaved boost converter is used to reduce current stress, while the cascaded H-bridge MLI reduces voltage stress. Models of the interleaved boost converter and 5-level cascaded H-bridge MLI are developed in MATLAB Simulink. Simulation results show this topology can significantly reduce losses compared to a conventional system. A prototype hardware model is also implemented to validate the simulation results. Equations for analyzing power losses in the switches of each component are provided.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new topology for a module integrated converter (MIC) for photovoltaic systems. The researchers developed a MIC using a tapped inductor topology to boost the output voltage from a single PV module. They designed and simulated the proposed MIC, which uses two DC-DC converters connected differentially to generate the output AC voltage. Simulation results showed the MIC increases voltage gain, efficiency and reduces harmonic distortion compared to traditional converters. It was concluded that the proposed MIC could be effectively implemented in microgrid applications under the concept of an "AC module".
FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER BASED MPPT METHODS FOR THE MULTILEVEL INVERTERS TO THE...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a 17-level cascaded multilevel inverter topology using a switched capacitor approach for electric vehicles. It presents modeling of the solar PV array and DC-DC boost converter. A fuzzy logic controller is designed for maximum power point tracking of the solar PV system and compared to a perturb and observe MPPT algorithm. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller in terms of settling time, power loss and operating point stability. The proposed topology is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and experimentally verified.
IRJET- Dynamic Voltage Restorer Frame Work to Improve Power Quality of the Di...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed framework for integrating ultracapacitors (UCAP) with a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to improve power quality on the distribution grid. The DVR compensates for voltage sags and swells by injecting voltage in-phase with the grid. Integrating UCAP provides active power support to handle deeper or longer disturbances without relying solely on the grid. Simulation results show the UCAP-DVR system can maintain constant load voltage during faults by injecting compensating voltage from the UCAP through a bi-directional DC-DC converter and three-phase inverter. This integration improves the DVR's capability to restore voltages during faults on the distribution grid.
Analysis and simulation of even-level quasi-Z-source inverterIJECEIAES
This research proposes a seven-level inverter with quasi-Z-source boost converters. The proposed topology employs a packed U-cell asymmetrical type multilevel inverter along with front-end quasi-Z-source networks. The quasi networks provide high gain compared to a conventional boost converter. This topology is the most suitable for photovoltaic multi-string applications. The proposed topology has the potential to supply both the alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) type load. The inverter structure has a lower number of active switches which helps in the reduction of losses and improvement in efficiency. In this paper, the operation principle of a quasi-network and inverter circuit are explained in detail. In addition, the simulation results for various modulation indices are presented. In the MATLAB/Simulink environment, the architecture is proposed by using gated sinusoidal “Pulse width modulation”.
Parameter estimation and control design of solar maximum power point trackingIJECEIAES
Parameters evaluation, design, and intelligent control of the solar photovoltaic model are presented in this work. The parameters of zeta converters such as a rating of an inductor, capacitor, and switches for a particular load are evaluated its values to compare the trade of the existing model and promoted to research in the proposed area. The zeta converter is pulsed through intelligent controller-based maximum power point tracking (intelligent-MPPT). The intelligent controller is a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) which extracts maximum power from the solar panel using the zeta converter. The performance of evaluated parameters based on the solar system and zeta converter is seen by an intelligent control algorithm. Moreover, evaluated parameters of solar photovoltaic (PV) and zeta converter can be examined the performance of fuzzy based intelligent MPPT under transient and steady-state conditions with different solar insolation. The brushless direct current motor-based water pump is used as the direct control (DC) load of the proposed model. The proposed model can enhance the research and assist to develop a new configuration of the present system.
Performance numerical evaluation of modified single-ended primary-inductor c...IJECEIAES
Single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) was considered a good alternative to a DC-DC converter for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The SEPIC converter can operate with an input voltage greater or less than the regulated output voltage, or as a step-up or step-down. As a step-up converter, SEPIC boosts PV voltage to specific levels. However, gain limitation and voltage stress continue to reduce the efficiency of conventional SEPIC converters. Because of this, researchers created a modified SEPIC converter to improve performance. In this paper, six modified SEPIC converters were compared and evaluated. To compare fairly, all modified SEPIC converters are nonisolated and use a single switch. Power simulator (PSIM) software was used to simulate each converter with a BISOL BMO-250 PV module and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) P&O controller. The converter with the highest static voltage gain and lowest duty cycle has been identified. It results in up to ten times voltage increment with a 0.8-duty ratio. All topologies have the same voltage stress, with maximum and minimum values of 30.1 and 29.5 V, respectively. On the other hand, each topology produces different average efficiencies, with the highest and lowest efficiency at 99.5% and 97.2%, respectively.
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues by Nine Switches UPQC Using PI & ANN with ...IJERA Editor
A nine-switch power converter having two sets of output terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually ―converts‖ most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, Harmonics, Voltage Sag & Swell an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maximal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme with PI and ANN with Hysteresis controller then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in Simulation, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced cost.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Typical Chemical Industry Electrical Distributi...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of the electrical distribution system for a typical large-scale chemical industry plant using ETAP software. The existing 11kV distribution network is analyzed and found to be insufficient for current load demands. A new optimized distribution network is proposed, including three 11kV/415V distribution transformers, duplicate and sectionalized main buses, motor control centers, and backup diesel generators. Load flow analysis is performed on the proposed network under normal and abnormal conditions. The results show improvements in voltage profile, losses, and power factor compared to the existing network.
Back to Back Connected Multilevel Converters: A ReviewIOSR Journals
This document provides a review of back-to-back connected multilevel power converters. It discusses the need for back-to-back converters using multilevel topologies in high power applications. The key multilevel converter topologies that can be connected back-to-back including diode clamped, capacitor clamped, and H-bridge converters are summarized. The components required for back-to-back multilevel converter systems like power devices, controllers, and sensors are also outlined. Finally, the document reviews recent developments in control strategies for multilevel converters connected back-to-back.
Renewable Energy Integration in Smart Grids: A Review of Recent Solutions to ...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of recent solutions to integrating renewable energy into smart grids. It identifies the most prevalent issues with renewable energy integration, such as the intermittency of sources like solar and wind power, and issues with grid voltage and frequency stability. It then summarizes several selected solutions that have been proposed to address these challenges, including using energy storage systems, advanced inverters, machine learning for power forecasting, and systems to improve grid stability like synchronverters. The review concludes that while progress has been made in renewable energy integration, continued work is still needed to fully address the multidimensional problems involved.
Reconfiguration and Capacitor Placement in Najaf Distribution Networks Sector...IRJET Journal
This document discusses reconfiguring distribution networks and optimally placing capacitors in Najaf, Iraq's distribution systems to improve performance. It provides background on distribution system design using software like CYM_Dist to minimize losses through reconfiguration and reactive power support. The document outlines the proposed methodology, which includes load allocation, network reconfiguration to reduce losses while respecting constraints, and identifying optimal capacitor placement and sizing. It reviews relevant literature on techniques like sensitivity analysis and heuristic optimization for reconfiguration and capacitor placement. The methodology is then applied to the 11kV Al Jamiea distribution system in Najaf as a case study.
IRJET- A Novel Modified Switched Capacitor Nine Level Inverter Topology with ...IRJET Journal
The document proposes a new switched-capacitor multilevel inverter topology with reduced switch count that can produce a nine-level staircase output voltage from multiple DC sources. It utilizes asymmetric DC voltage sources from renewable energy farms to reduce the number of inverters needed. The topology inherently solves the capacitor voltage balancing problem and can step up the input voltage without a bulky transformer. It is intended for use in high frequency AC power distribution systems to achieve benefits like smaller component sizes and higher power density. The performance of the proposed topology is evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink.
Input switched closed-loop single phase SEPIC controlled rectifier with impro...IJECEIAES
DC power supply has become the driving source for some essential modern applications. Thereby, DC power conditioning has become a significant issue for engineers. Typically used rectifiers associated with a bridge structure is nonlinear in nature. Thereby, the current at input side of the rectifier contains harmonics, which also flow through the power line. The presence of harmonics causes several interruptions and reduce power quality. In this regard, a new close loop SEPIC controlled rectifier is proposed in this paper. The conventional scheme is arranged with a rectifier connected to a DC-DC converter, which is an open loop system. Consequently, such system cannot regulate voltage at load varying condition. The proposed SEPIC controlled rectifier can regulate voltage under load varying condition for a wide range. Additionally, the performance in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) of input current and power factor at AC side are also within satisfactory range for the closed loop configuration. The controlled rectifier has four operating phases associated with switching states and input voltage polarity. The close loop configuration also incorporates a current and a voltage loop at the feedback path. The comparative studies have been performed among the proposed closed loop construction, the open-loop structure as well as the conventional construction. The effectiveness of the proposed controlled rectifier is verified in terms of THD and input power factor considering the results obtained from simulation.
IRJET- Implementation of Multilevel Inverter using Solar PV Array for Renewab...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the implementation of a multi-level inverter using a solar PV array for renewable energy applications. Specifically, it proposes a system that uses a MPPT controller with a dc/dc converter and a nine-level inverter. It describes the design and components of the proposed prototype, including the solar PV array, modified SEPIC converter for high voltage gain, multi-level H-bridge inverter topology, and MPPT controller. A PIC microcontroller is used to implement the MPPT algorithm and control the system. Finally, an isolated MOSFET driver circuit is discussed to safely and efficiently drive the MOSFETs in the system.
An Efficient Wireless Power Transfer Methodology for Electric Vehicle Battery...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an efficient wireless power transfer method for electric vehicle battery charging using a series L-C compensation topology. It presents the general configuration of a wireless power transfer system including a transmitter placed under the road and a receiver placed in the vehicle. It then discusses the simulation modeling of the proposed system and presents the circuit design parameters. The results of MATLAB simulations show that the proposed method can transfer a maximum of 23.08W of power wirelessly to charge an EV battery to 48.09V and 0.48A, demonstrating the feasibility of using this approach for electric vehicle charging.
The main objective of this research work is to develop KY conveter topology for renewable energy sources.Solar energy is the readily available and is the cheapest form of energy. It is non-polluting and environment friendly. The development of high static gain DC-DC converters is an important research area due to the crescent demand of this technology for several applications supplied by low DC output voltage power sources. It is used to provide the uninterruptable power supply and battery powered to the system. So here, step-up DC-DC converters based on the KY converter are proposed for LED lighting systems. The proposed topologies present high voltages and high efficiency for low input voltage and high output voltage applications. The simulation results of the proposed topology have been presented using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
IRJET - Comparative Study of Different AC-DC Converter for High Step DownIRJET Journal
This document compares a single-stage three-phase AC-DC converter using SiC MOSFETs to a conventional two-stage AC-DC converter. The single-stage converter removes the need for a separate DC-DC stage by using a high frequency transformer to directly step down the voltage from the PFC stage. This makes the design more compact and efficient with lower costs compared to the conventional two-stage approach with its 10 switches and separate DC-DC stage. Simulation results show the THD is reduced to 10% and efficiency increased to 95% with the proposed single-stage design.
A New Voltage Balancing Converter for Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Invert...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a grid-connected photovoltaic system that uses a Neutral Point Clamped multilevel inverter with fuzzy MPPT tracking and a voltage balancing converter.
2) The proposed voltage balancing converter can equalize the voltages of the DC link capacitors without using magnetic components, and can boost the input voltage without needing additional DC sources.
3) The system was modeled in MATLAB/SimPowerSystems and aims to maximize solar panel output power using fuzzy logic MPPT control while maintaining steady output voltage through balanced capacitors.
A Novel High Gain SEPIC Converter with the Tapped Inductor Model Operating in...IJPEDS-IAES
Power factor correction (PFC) has become one of the most active research
areas in the field of power electronics due to the surplus power required for
various industrial applications around the world. In this work, a novel SEPIC
converter with the tapped inductor model operating in discontinuous
conduction mode (TI-SEPIC- DCM) is proposed for PFC. The proposed TISEPIC-
DCM improves the voltage gain through voltage multiplier cell and
charge pump circuit. The voltage multiplier cell also helps in attaining the
zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-current switching (ZCS), which
results in higher switching frequency and size reduction. Moreover, a third
order harmonic reduction control loop has been proposed for better harmonic
mitigation. The proposed work has been simulated in MATLAB and the
results are obtained to validate the significance of the proposed TI-SEPICDCM
with near unity power factor and reduced harmonics.
Studies On Switching Losses In Electric Vehicle Drive Train SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses reducing switching losses in the drive train system of electric vehicles. It proposes using an interleaved boost converter and cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (MLI) topology for the powertrain system. The interleaved boost converter is used to reduce current stress, while the cascaded H-bridge MLI reduces voltage stress. Models of the interleaved boost converter and 5-level cascaded H-bridge MLI are developed in MATLAB Simulink. Simulation results show this topology can significantly reduce losses compared to a conventional system. A prototype hardware model is also implemented to validate the simulation results. Equations for analyzing power losses in the switches of each component are provided.
Similar to The Voltage Fed Series Compensation Based ZVZCS Topology and Its Tuning Method for Wireless Electrical Vehicle Battery Charger (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
AI for Legal Research with applications, toolsmahaffeycheryld
AI applications in legal research include rapid document analysis, case law review, and statute interpretation. AI-powered tools can sift through vast legal databases to find relevant precedents and citations, enhancing research accuracy and speed. They assist in legal writing by drafting and proofreading documents. Predictive analytics help foresee case outcomes based on historical data, aiding in strategic decision-making. AI also automates routine tasks like contract review and due diligence, freeing up lawyers to focus on complex legal issues. These applications make legal research more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.