The document provides an overview of our solar system, detailing its composition, including the sun, eight planets, and other celestial bodies such as asteroids and comets. It describes each planet's characteristics, emphasizing Earth's unique ability to support life. Additionally, it touches on the nature of artificial satellites, concluding with a mention of the project creator's gratitude for the learning experience.

1. THE SOLAR SYSTEM
BY PRIYANSHU KUMAR
• CLASS 8 B
• ROLL 22
• REG.NO 7159
Ramakrishna mission vidyapith deoghar

2. INTRODUCTION
Our solar system consists of an average star we call the Sun, the planets Mercury,
Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. It includes: the
satellites of the planets; numerous comets, asteroids, and meteoroids; and the
interplanetary medium. The Sun is the richest source of electromagnetic energy
(mostly in the form of heat and light) in the solar system. The Sun’s nearest known
stellar neighbor is a red dwarf star called Proxima Centauri at a distance of 4.3 light
years away. The whole solar system, together with the local stars visible on a clear
night, orbits the center of our home galaxy, a spiral disk of 200 billion stars we call
the Milky Way. The Milky Way has two’small galaxies orbiting it nearby, which are
visible from the southern hemisphere. They are called the large Magellanic Cloud
and the Small Magellanic Cloud. The nearest large galaxy is the Andromeda Galaxy.
It is a spiral galaxy like the Milky Way but is 4 times as massive and is 2 million light
years away. Our galaxy, one of billions of galaxies known, is traveling through
intergalactic space.

3. THE SUN
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a
nearly perfect ball of hot plasma, heated to incandescence
by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy
mainly as visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared
radiation.The sun is a medium sized star. We are close
enough to sun to Receive a good amount of heat and light
from it, which helps in Existing lifes on earth. The light from
the sun reaches the earth In 8 minutes and 20 seconds. The
heat regains after the nuclear Fussion that takes place inside
it. The distance between earth and The sun is nearly 150
million kilometres.

4. PLANETS
Planets are the heavenly bodies which revolve around the
sun. Our solar system Have eight planets. All the planets
revolve around the sun in a fixed elliptical path Called orbits.
Our solar system consists of Mercury, Venus, Earth,
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. (These are in
sequence: distance from the sun) Planets doesn’t have their
own light and heat. The sun’s light is reflected by it.
Mercury, Venus,Earth,Mars have small orbits and hence
called inner planets. They have no or few moons.while all
rest four planets are considered as outer planets because
they have large orbits and a number of moons.

5. MERCURY
Mercury is the smallest planet of our solar
system .It is also the nearest planet to sun. It
has no satellite and no atmosphere.it revolves
in an eliptical path as others. It is mainly
made up of rocks and some metals.The
surface of the mercury have huge craters.its
temperature varies from 450°C (during day)
to -170°C (during night).There is no possibility
of life on the mercury.

6. VENUS
Venus is the hottest planet of our solar system .it is also
the second innermost planet . Venus is often called
morning star or evenning star Because it sometimes visble
before sunrise and after sunset.Venus is a terrestrial
planet and is sometimes called Earth’s “sister planet”
because of their similar size, mass, proximity to the Sun,
and bulk composition. It is radically different from Earth in
other respects.Venus’ thick atmosphere traps heat
creating a runaway greenhouse effect – making it the
hottest planet in our solar system with surface
temperatures hot enough to melt lead. The greenhouse
effect makes Venus roughly 700°F (390°C) hotter than it
would be without a greenhouse effect.It has no satellite
and no life.it rotates east to west

7. THE EARTH
Earth is our home planet.it is third planet from
the sun.it is Called The blue planet because it appears
blue- green from space due to reflection of vegetation
and water. It is the only planet on the solar system to
have life on it. This is because It has some special
features like the distance between earth and sun helps
earth to receive optimum amount of light and heat.it
also has a protective coat that protects it from many
harmful radiations coming from the sun.the availability
of oxygen is another factor. It have a right gravitation
and a atmosphere which maintain a moderate
temperature. It has a thick layer of ozone layer to
protect from ultra violet rays. It has only one satellite
called the moon

8. MARS
Mars is the second nearest planet to the Earth and also
the first planet outside the orbit of the earth. It is often
referred as red planet because of its appearance from
the space this is due to its red or pink rocks soil and sky.
The atmosphere of mars mainly contains carbondioxide
and small quantities of argon and nitrogen. It has two
natural satellites named phobos and diamos discovered
by Ashaph Hall in 1877. The average temperature on
mars varies from -63°C to 20°C .There are so far no trces
of life on mars, but scientists believe that life was there
sometime and was ruined by a massive destruction.

9. JUPITER
Jupiter is the largest planet of our solar system. It
can be easily seen from the earth because it
appears quite bright in the night sky.ots mass is
approximately 318 times that of the earth. It has a
gaseous composition having a mixture of hydrogen,
helium, methane and ammonia. It is the first outer
planet in tje solar system. It also have rings like
saturn but are small.it is too far from the sun and
thus radiates double the amount of heat it receives
from the sun. Thus,its temperature varies from -
124°C to -13°C . It has 63 moons.

10. SATURN
Saturn is sixth planet of our solar system. It appears to
be flattened when viewed from earth through
telescope. The rocks in the saturn are 75% icy
hydrogen and 25% Icy helium with traces of water.it
was first observed in 1610 by galileo galilei. It has 34
moons and nearly 8 prominent rings around it. Its
rings were its unique property until the discovery of
uranis in 1977.it has the least density among all the
planets . Its density is even less than that of the water.
In roman mythology ,its name means the god of
agriculture.

11. URANUS
Uranus is discovered in 1977. It is an almost
featureless planet in visible light.it has 27
known moons and also few rings around it.it
mainly cosists of ice rocks of hydrogen and
helium. Uranus also rotates east to west like
venus.it has highly tilted rotational axis due to
which it appears to roll on its side while
moving in its orbit

12. NEPTUNE
Neptune is the last planet of our solar system.
It is ned after the roman god of the sea. It
appears blue in color and is a typical gas
planet. Its prominent feature is the Great Dark
Spot in the sothern hemisphere. Neptune can
be easily seen by a telescope or strong
binoculars. It mainly consists ofice rock of
hydrogen and helium. It is fourth largest planet
of our solar system and has 13 known moons.

13. There are many other heavenly bodies in the
solar system like.
• Asteroids
• Meteors
• Meteorites
• Comets
• And some moons

14. ASTEROIDS
In the gap between the orbits of Mars and
Jupiter, there are more than 750,000 rocky
objectsof different sizes.some of these are big
as 1 km while millions of them are
smaller.these revolve around the sun and are
Known as Asteroids. Asteroid belt is between
mars and Jupiter . They are ao small to refer as
planets but are sometimes refer as minor
planets

15. METEOROIDS, METEORS
AND METEORITES
a small body moving in the solar system that would
become a meteor if it entered the earth's
atmosphere is called meteoroids.When meteoroids
enter Earth’s atmosphere (or that of another planet,
like Mars) at high speed and burn up, the fireballs
or “shooting stars” are called meteors. When a
meteoroid survives a trip through the atmosphere
and hits the ground, it’s called a meteorite.

16. COMETS
Comets are cosmic snowballs of frozen gases, rock, and
dust that orbit the Sun. When frozen, they are the size of
a small town. When a comet’s orbit brings it close to the
Sun, it heats up and spews dust and gases into a giant
glowing head larger than most planets. The dust and
gases form a tail that stretches away from the Sun for
millions of miles. There are likely billions of comets
orbiting our Sun in the Kuiper Belt and even more distant
Oort Cloud.
The current number of known comets is: 3,743.it
generally hs a Bright head with a long tail. the tail is
formed of dust and gases, when a comet comes close
enough to the sun the length of its tail grows in size
which we see from the Earth. the tail of a comet is always
directed away from the sun. one of the most commonly
known comets is the Halley’s Comet which reports its
visit into the solar system after every 76 years the last it
visited in 1986

17. OUR MOON
The Moon is Earth’s only natural satellite and
the fifth largest moon in the solar system. ... The
Moon’s distance from Earth is about 240,000
miles (385,000km). The Moon has a very thin
atmosphere called an exosphere. The Moon’s
surface is cratered and pitted from comet and
asteroid impacts.

18. ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES
An artificial satellite is an object that people have made
and launched into orbit using rockets. ... The size, altitude
and design of a satellite depend on its purpose. In the
context of spaceflight, a satellite is an object that has been
intentionally placed into orbit. These objects are called
artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites
such as Earth's Moon. On 4 October 1957, the Soviet Union
launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. India’s
first artificial satellite was aryabhata developed by ISRO and
launched by Sovient Union on 19th April,1975.

19. THANK YOU....
Thank you bb da for
giving such a nice
project. It really helped
us . I encountered
many facts about our
solar system during
making of this
project.it was very fun
to make this
project.once again
thank you bb da.