Solar System-the sun and all of the bodies that orbit it make up the solar system. This includes the planets and their moons, as well as comets, asteroids, meteoroids, and any other bits of rock or dust. The main parts of our solar system are eight planets, an asteroid belt, and three dwarf planets.
Solar System-the sun and all of the bodies that orbit it make up the solar system. This includes the planets and their moons, as well as comets, asteroids, meteoroids, and any other bits of rock or dust. The main parts of our solar system are eight planets, an asteroid belt, and three dwarf planets.
We're off to space! Let your kids explore the wonders of the great vast universe and launch their ideas to space. Here are some fascinating facts about space to kick off your child's dreams.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Formation of the Solar System
1. FORMATION OF THE SOLAR
SYTEM
BY
SIR OSCAR MARTINEZ GUZMAN, JR.
SCIENCE TEACHER
CALACAACADEMY INC.
Earth and Life Sciences/Earth Science
oscarjrg@yahoo.com
09358482891
2. THE PLANETS OF THE SOLAR SYTEM
Planets are classified into two
groups:
• terrestrial
- Four planets closest to the Sun are
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
Each has a solid mineral-containing
crust and Earth-like composition.
3. • jovian
-Planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
and Neptune. The term jovian came
from Jupiter, describing the other
gas giants in the solar system as
Jupiter like.
Pluto – is not included in either
category because of it’s great
distance and small size.
6. MERCURY
- is the planet closest to the Sun.
- it takes only 88 Earth-days to make
one revolution
- one year in mercury lasts only 88
earth days
- it rotates only three times for each
two revolutions around the sun.
7. - because of its small size and weak
gravitational field, it holds very little
atmosphere
- Day temperature 315°C
- Night temperature -149°C
9. VENUS
- the brightest planet in the solar
system
- it is often called “evening star”
during March and April and “morning
star” during September and October
- most closely resembles the Earth with
respect to size, density and distance
from the Sun.
10. -It takes 243 Earth days to make one
revolution. It rotates in a direction
opposite the direction of the Earth’s
rotation.
- regarded as Earth’s twin, it has
been very active volcanically.
- Venus has a diameter of 12,112
kilometers with a relative mass of
0.82 .
11. - it has plateaus and mountains but
less craters and Valleys.
- The surface temperature can reach
480°C.
13. EARTH
- the blue planet, with more water
surface than land.
- temperature extremes of day and
night are conducive to life.
- with a mass of Mass: 5.972 ×
10^24 kg
- With a density: 5.51 g/cm³
16. MARS
-is a little more than half the size of
the Earth.
- its mass is about 1/9 that of the
Earth and it has a core, mantle and
crust as well and a thin atmosphere.
- its atmosphere is about 95%
carbon dioxide and 0.15 oxygen.
17. -Its temperature at the equator is
from 30°C in the day and -130°C at
night.
- scientist found evidence that there
were once lakes in some Martian
craters but now it is dry and
desolated planet.
- has two small moons – Phobos,
the inner and Deimos the outer.
18. Phobos – orbits in the same easterly
direction with that of Mars at a
distance of almost 6000 kilometers
in period of 7.5 hours.
Deimos – is the half of size of
Phobos and orbits Mars in 30.3
hours at a distance of 20,000
kilometers.
21. - is the largest planet in our solar
system.
- it has a mass 318 times that the Earth
and an average density of 1.34g/cm³.
- the diameter is 143,000 kilometers
hence, it is called the “giant planet”.
- it appears to be covered with
alternating bands of multicolored
clouds parallel to the equator.
22. - it rotates once in less than 10
hours.
- its core is about 20 times more
massive than the Earth’s core.
-It composed of iron, nickel and
other minerals.
- surface temperature is about the
same day and night.
23. - sixteen moons orbit in Jupiter.
Among the four largest moons
discovered by Galileo in 1610, Lo
and Europa are about the size of our
moon.
25. SATURN
-Has a mean diameter which is
nearly 10mtimes that of the Earth.
- composed of hydrogen and
helium.
- Saturn's rings lie in a plane
coincident with Saturn’s equator.
- it has four major rings and
hundreds of ringlets.
26. - Saturn's rings consist of three
bands.
-The innermost ring is about 12,000
kilometers from surface.
- the middle ring is the brightest.
- Saturn has 23 moons beyond its
ring. The largest is Titan – which is
1.6 times larger than our moon.
27. -It revolves once each 16 days and
has a methane atmosphere.
-Its surface temperature is -170°C.
- its other moon, Lapetus – is very
bright and the other side dark.
29. - has a diameter of 47,000
kilometers and a mass that is 14.6
times of the Earth.
- it was discovered by William
Herschel in 1781.
- its atmosphere has hydrogen and
methane.
- its temperature is -170°C.
30. - it was discovered that Uranus also
surrounded by rings.
- it has at least 17 moons.
- Uranus axis tilted 98 degrees to
the perpendicular of its orbital
plane.
- it is a cold planet.
32. NEPTUNE
-Neptune and Uranus are like twins,
similar in size and appear green due
to methane in their atmospheres.
- it has a diameter of 3.9 times that
if the Earth, its mass is 17 times
greater and density is about the
third of the Earth.
33. -Its atmosphere is mainly hydrogen
and helium with some methane and
ammonia.
-It has eight moons, in addition to a
ring system.
- the largest moon is Triton, which
orbits Neptune in 5.9 days. It has a
bright polar caps and geysers of
nitrogen.
34. - the smaller moon is the Nereid,
takes nearly a year to orbit Neptune.
37. - is not anymore included in the solar
system as a planet because of its size
and distance from the Sun.
- most of the planetary is circular, Pluto
is elliptical.
- its orbit is so eccentric and at times
closer to the Sun than Neptune.
- it is smaller than our Moon with a
diameter about one-fifth that of the
Earth’s and a mass of 0.002.
38. - its rotational period is 6.4 days and
it has a moon named Charon – has a
period of 6.4 days.
- a very cold place.
-It takes 248 years to make a single
revolution. It will be seen it its
discovered position in year 2178.
41. ASTEROIDS
- populated by thousands of small
rocky bodies called asteroids.
-Some asteroids are irregular in
shape, like boulders and the larger
ones are spherical.
- they vary in in size from grains of
sand to hundreds of kilometers in
diameter.
42. -The largest is Ceres, which has a
diameter of 750 kilometers.
- Many asteroids circle the sun, others
do not.
- Hermes is the closest asteroid to the
Earth.
- Vesta is the only asteroid which can
be seed by the naked eyes.
-Asteroids which are smaller than a
ffew hundred kilometers are called
meteroids.
44. METEROIDS
-Is a streaking light which lasts for a
few seconds. We see it as a “shooting
star”.
- a meteor that strikes the earth’s
atmosphere usually an altitude of
about 80 kilometers.
- it is heated white hot by friction with
the atmosphere and is seen as a flash
of light called “falling star”
45. METEROIDS
-Is a streaking light which lasts for a
few seconds. We see it as a “shooting
star”.
- a meteor that strikes the earth’s
atmosphere usually an altitude of
about 80 kilometers.
- it is heated white hot by friction with
the atmosphere and is seen as a flash
of light called “falling star”.
46. - Meteorite is a meteor that
survives the decent through the
atmosphere and reaches the
ground.
- most meteorites are small.
48. COMETS
-the term comet was derived from the
Greek word meaning “long-haired”.
- a small body of rock, iron and ice, and
gases that orbit the sun in elliptical
orbits.
- composed of nucleus which looks like
a dirty snowball called coma and a
long tail of vaporized gases (water,
ammonia, methane, and carbon
dioxide), dust and debris.
49. - Comets are the most spectacular
bodies in the solar system.
- They are visible only when they are
within the orbits of Saturn.
- Comets appear big as they
approach the sun because solar
energy vaporizes the frozen gases.
The glowing head, coma, varies
greatly.
50. - some are as big as the sun, others
are size of Jupiter. Inside the coma is
a small is a small glowing nucleus
with a diameter of a few kilometers.
- The tail points away from the sun
in a slightly curved manner. This is
due to solar winds.
51. - a comet revolves around the sun in
either the Kuiper belt or Oort cloud.
- Kuiper belt is an area outside the
orbit of the Pluto.
- Oort cloud is a sphere beyond the
orbit of Uranus.
53. SUN
-is a glowing ball of gas-like material
called plasma.
- it is about 864,000 miles in
diameter and 93 million miles away.
- it is our principal source of heat.
Without this, life on earth would
cease.
54.
55. PARTS OF THE SUN
Photosphere – the visible surface
of the sun.
Chromospheres – the region of
prominences which is visible during
a solar eclipse.
Corona – a crown of light seen
during a solar eclipse.
56. Sunspots are created by strong
magnetic fields typically twice the
size of the Earth
58. MOON
- Is one of the largest in the solar
system.
- it has a diameter of 364 000 km.
- its gravitational pull is 1/6 of the
Earth.
- three billion years ago, the moon was
formed by bombardment and volcanic
activity filled with lava to produce a
surface.
59.
60.
61. PHASES OF THE MOON
New Moon is the first lunar phase.
Waxing Crescent starts as the
Moon becomes visible again after
the New Moon conjunction.
First Quarter is a primary Moon
phase when we can see exactly half
of the Moon's surface illuminated.
62. Waxing gibbous half lighted
but less than full
Full Moon is the lunar phase
when the Moon appears fully
illuminated from Earth's
perspective.
Waning gibbous – face of the
Moon is 100 percent illuminated
63. Last Quarter always rises in the
middle of the night, appears at its
highest in the sky around dawn, and
sets around midday
Waning Crescent the illuminated
part of the Moon decreases from the
lit up semicircle at Third Quarter until
it disappears from view entirely
at New Moon.