The document discusses environmental flows (e-flows) in relation to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.4.2, focusing on water stress and the management of freshwater resources. It highlights the role of the FAO in providing countries with aggregated e-flow data and outlines the process for countries to validate or propose adjustments to this data. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of ecological management classes in setting targets to maintain ecological balance within water resources.

1. The SDGs and
Environmental
Flows
Chris Dickens (IWMI)
Riccardo Biancalani (FAO)
Virginie Gillet (FAO)

2. What are e-flows?

3. What are e-flows?

4. Water Stress SDG 6.4.2
Water Stress (%) =
Total freshwater withdrawn
Total renewable freshwater resource - Eflow
X 100
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a
proportion of available freshwater resources

5. Smakhtin et al,
2004
Water Stress SDG 6.4.2

6. Hydrographs at different ecological
management classes (EMC)
Flowincumecs
EMC classes
C Class
D Class
Natural
EMC
A
(natural)
B
(largely natural)
C
(moderately
modified or
“fair” condition)
D
(largely modified)
E
(seriously
modified)

7. http://eflows.iwmi.org
Vörösmarty et al. (2010) “Incident Biodiversity Threat Index”
The online GEFIS model

8. EF to maintain the existing ecological man. class

9. “A” Class – the Natural flow situation

10. “D” Class – hard working

11. SDG 6.4.2 on Water Stress
• FAO provides countries with country aggregated EF to
maintain present day EMC
• To 187 countries in 2018 and 205 in 2019
• 77 questionnaires back in 2018 and so far 75 in 2019
• Countries can:
• Endorse the FAO data and return the FAO template
• Disapprove but can live with it
• Disaggregate data into smaller units (= 2nd step of the monitoring ladder)
• Disapprove and propose alternative using the template based on:
• Policy e.g national 10% of flow
• Evidence from country experience backed by credible methods (=3rd step of
monitoring ladder)

12. 2019 data call
Country GEFIS e-
flow value
(km3)
Country
value
(km3)
Reason and comment
1 27.56 16.0 75% of water in the driest season of the year
2 529.3 279.5 Used older GEFIS model
3 46.1 37.4 for 2015
46.8 for 2016
41.3 for 2017
Used older GEFIS model with a different estimation of
annual renewable water resources
4 73.47 0 No comment
5 33.93 5.6 10% of surface water flow
6 9.3 5.1 Water Resources Management Strategic Plan prescribes
10% EF
• Out of 75 questionnaires returned in 2019:
– 6 countries proposed new EF

13. Voluntary national review
• Eflows can be reported in detail
• Progress to achieve goals and targets
• Plans to address issues
• Governance and management issues
• VNR presented to HLPF

14. Setting Targets
SDGs
Targets are defined as aspirational and global, with each government
setting its own national targets guided by the global level of ambition
but taking into account national circumstances (Agenda 2030:55)
Linked to EMC
Defined at basin level by country experts and authorities

15. Setting targets – Ecological Management classes
EMC
A
(natural)
B
(largely natural)
C
(moderately
modified or
“fair” condition)
D
(largely modified)
E
(seriously
modified)

16. Target values for e-flows
Example of a sub-basin target for e-flows

17. Thank you!