The document discusses mudflows, also known as lahars or debris flows. It defines mudflows as rapid movements of debris containing large amounts of water that mix with rock, soil or regolith and flow downhill quickly. There are two main types - lahars, which are mudflows from volcanic eruptions composed of ash and debris, and debris flows, which are soil and rock mixtures that move like viscous fluids. Mudflows can be triggered by heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or volcanic eruptions. They move quickly and cause significant damage to land, property, infrastructure, and loss of human life. After a mudflow, extensive cleanup is required.
Floods have the greatest damage potential when compared to the other natural disasters, over the environment. Floods are also considered to be both social and economic disasters. This module highlights the details of floods as natural hazards.
Primarily all floods are due to the surface runoff. Actually the floods are the results of a favourable combination of precipitation and the characteristics of the water shed.
Floods have the greatest damage potential when compared to the other natural disasters, over the environment. Floods are also considered to be both social and economic disasters. This module highlights the details of floods as natural hazards.
Primarily all floods are due to the surface runoff. Actually the floods are the results of a favourable combination of precipitation and the characteristics of the water shed.
this presentation gives a brief about what are the different types of floods depending upon area & its cause.It is further aided with mitigation or management techniques to be implemented & types of damages.
Over the years, India has witnessed worst floods causing numerous loss of lives and to property.
Here are some causes and its geomorphic effects.
And some measures of flood control.
Definition, classification & types of landslideTarikIslam9
General Information about Bangladesh
Bangladesh is consisted of a total land area of 147570 km² with hilly areas of 17,342 km² (8.5% of total area of Bangladesh).
Chattagram Hill tracts is the wide ranging hilly area in the southeastern part of the country. Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachari are three unique geographical and cultural landscape administrative districts in this region.
Landslides are a common hazard in the Chittagong Hill Districts (CHD) of Bangladesh. The communities that live on dangerous hill slopes in CHD repeatedly experience landslide hazards during the monsoon season, with casualties, economic losses and property damage.
Geologically active faults within 50 to 500km distance from Dhaka. Dhaka is among the 20 major world cities that are the greatest risk from earthquakes. Some of these earthquakes especially the 1762, 1812, 1865, 1885 and 1897 happened in Dhaka. If 7-8 grade in Richter Scale earthquake happen in Dhaka 70-80 percent concrete structures would just collapse and 30,00,000 peoples will die.
this presentation gives a brief about what are the different types of floods depending upon area & its cause.It is further aided with mitigation or management techniques to be implemented & types of damages.
Over the years, India has witnessed worst floods causing numerous loss of lives and to property.
Here are some causes and its geomorphic effects.
And some measures of flood control.
Definition, classification & types of landslideTarikIslam9
General Information about Bangladesh
Bangladesh is consisted of a total land area of 147570 km² with hilly areas of 17,342 km² (8.5% of total area of Bangladesh).
Chattagram Hill tracts is the wide ranging hilly area in the southeastern part of the country. Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachari are three unique geographical and cultural landscape administrative districts in this region.
Landslides are a common hazard in the Chittagong Hill Districts (CHD) of Bangladesh. The communities that live on dangerous hill slopes in CHD repeatedly experience landslide hazards during the monsoon season, with casualties, economic losses and property damage.
Geologically active faults within 50 to 500km distance from Dhaka. Dhaka is among the 20 major world cities that are the greatest risk from earthquakes. Some of these earthquakes especially the 1762, 1812, 1865, 1885 and 1897 happened in Dhaka. If 7-8 grade in Richter Scale earthquake happen in Dhaka 70-80 percent concrete structures would just collapse and 30,00,000 peoples will die.
Many natural changes are undesirable.It is necessary that these changes are properly controlled . We must study these changes to learn how they are caused and find ways to control them to safe guard ourselves.
Scientific Definition
Difference Between Flood and Flash Flood
Elements/Components of Flood
Causes and Effects of Flood
Types/Kinds of Flood
What to do before, during and after Flood
Effective Oral and Multimodal Presentations Education Presentation in Yellow ...MaggelAnclote2
Volcano, vent in the crust of Earth or another planet or satellite, from which issue eruptions of molten rock, hot rock fragments, and hot gases. A volcanic eruption is an awesome display of Earth’s power. Yet, while eruptions are spectacular to watch, they can cause disastrous loss of life and property, especially in densely populated regions of the world.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
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"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
2. Definition
Rapid movement of debris containing
large amount of water
Water get mixes with rock debris, soil or
regolith and forms a mud which flow
downward stream or mountain
A MUDFLOW or MUDSLIDE occurs
when mud travels down a slope very
quickly.
Mudflows, which are like giant moving
mud pies, happen when lots of water
mixes with soil and rock. The water makes
the slippery mass of mud flow quickly
down.
Mudflows happen most
in mountainous places where a long dry
season is followed by heavy rains.
Mudflow is of two types:
1. Lahar
2. Debris Flow
MUDFLOW
LANDSLIDE
4. Types of Mudflow
Mudflows of volcanic eruptions are the most
dangerous, and are called lahars.
A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of
a slurry of ash, pyroclastic material, rocky debris,
and water.
The material flows down from a volcano, typically along
a river valley.
Lahars can move as quickly as 80km/h and are as thick
as Liquid Concrete .
Lahar is an Indonesian term that describes a hot or cold
mixture of water and rock fragments that flows down the
slopes of a volcano and typically enters a river valley.
1. LAHAR
Lahar devastation after the eruption of Mount
Pinatubo, Philippines.
Lahars move rapidly down valleys like rivers of concrete
6. Types of Mudflow
2. DEBRIS FLOW
Mixture of rocks debris or soil & water
Moves as a viscous fluid
Common after heavy rains
Rapid movement – up to 50 km/hr, the more water
present the faster the rate of movement
Common in semi-arid regions and along volcanoes
(lahars)
Soil mass moving at a speed of few tens of meters to
a few hundred meters per hour is known as slump. It
is identified by rotational arc scars.
A rapid snowmelt can also be a cause, where newly-
melted snow water is channeled over a steep valley
filled with debris that is loose enough to be
mobilized.
Debris Flow and Deposit at Arizona
Generally, it is not hazardous to life, but is threat to natural property
8. Causes
Lahars have several possible causes:
Snow and glaciers can be melted by lava or pyroclastic
flows during an eruption
A flood caused by a glacier, lake breakout, or heavy rainfall
can release a lahar, also called glacier run
Water from a crater lake, combined with volcanic material in
an eruption
Lahars can occur without volcanic activity, if conditions are
right for the collapse and movement of mud from
existing volcanic ash deposits.
Snow and glaciers can melt during periods of mild weather
Earthquakes underneath or close to the volcano can shake
material loose and cause it to collapse triggering a lahar
avalanche.
Rainfall or typhoons can cause slabs of solidified mud to come
rushing down the slopes, with devastating results.
1. LAHAR
9. Causes
2. DEBRIS FLOW
Debris flows can be triggered in a number of ways.
Typically, they result from sudden rainfall, where water
begins to wash material from a slope, or when water
removed material from a freshly burned stretch of land.
A rapid snowmelt can also be a cause, where newly-melted
snow water is channeled over a steep valley filled with
debris that is loose enough to be mobilized.
In either case, the rapidly moving water cascades down the
slopes and into the canyons and valleys below, picking up
speed and debris as it descends the valley walls.
As the system gradually picks up speed, a feedback loop
ensues, where the faster the water flows, the more it can
pick up.
10. What to do BEFORE Mudflow ?
When it comes to mudslide safety, you need to have a plan beforehand so you know what to do in case of an
emergency. Here are the steps you should follow before a mudslide occurs to give you, your business, and your family
the best chance of surviving.
Know your area’s mudslide history. Much like lightning, mudslides often strike the same place twice. Research past
events in your area to calculate your risk.
Learn about local emergency response and evacuation plans. If you are told to evacuate it is good to know your
route ahead of time to minimize panic..
Get your plans and kits together. Talk to everyone in your household or at your business about what they should
do if a mudslide occurs. Create and practice an emergency plan and know where your evacuation route is. Put
together an emergency kit.
Get insurance. While landslide insurance isn’t typically available, you can get what is known as “debris flow
damage” coverage. Check with your insurance provider.
11. What to do DURING Mudflow ?
Here’s what you should do if a mudslide occurs or if you know one is likely to occur.
Evacuate immediately. Inform affected neighbors and businesses if you can. Take any pets or livestock with you if
possible.
Contact your police or fire department or your local public works to inform them as well.
Listen for unusual sounds. These are sounds that may indicate moving debris, such as trees cracking or boulders
knocking together. Mudslides make a rumbling sound so listen for that too!
If you are near a stream or channel, be alert for any sudden increase or decrease in water flow. Muddy water is
another sign that debris could be moving from upstream. Be prepared to move quickly.
Look for tilted trees, telephones poles, fences, or walls as well as new holes or bare spots on hillsides.
Stay awake. If you live in an area prone to mudslides make sure you stay awake during severe storms and when
wildfires are affecting your area.
Be alert when driving as well. Roads may become blocked by debris.
12. If you’ve safely evacuated you could come home to a lot of damage. Here’s what you should do after a mudslide
occurs at your home or business.
Stay away from the site until local officials tell you it’s safe. Flooding or addition landslides could still occur so
it’s best to wait for the official “OK.”
Listen to the radio or TV for updates on weather conditions, mudslides, and evacuation orders.
Check for injured or trapped people and animals near the slide without entering the slide area.
Help people who need special assistance first like infants, the elderly, and those with disabilities.
Look for and report broken utility lines. If you smell gas or suspect a leak call 101.
Check your home and/or business’ foundation, chimney, and surrounding land for any cracks or damage.
Replant damaged ground as soon as possible to prevent more mudslides from occurring. Lack of ground cover
can also cause flash flooding.
Be alert to potential health conditions. Rashes, trench foot, wound infections, and GI illnesses are all common
after mudslides and cleanup. Go to the doctor immediately if you think you are suffering from a disaster-related
illness.
What to do AFTER Mudflow ?
14. Effects
Land
Mudslides move at more than 20
mph and contain not just mud,
but rocks, trees and other debris.
This means they can rip land to
pieces, leaving deep gullies and
large mud deposits. Mudslides
can devastate agricultural land:
all crops will be destroyed. It is
not all bad news as mudslides
also bring rich nutrients down to
lower ground, so once the
mudslide passes the ground can
be more productive.
Property
Due to the pace mudslides move
at, even buildings are not entirely
safe. Concrete and brick buildings
in cities and towns are normally
safe due to solid foundations and
the probability of the slide
stopping beforehand. Outbuildings
-- watersheds, stables, anything not
attached to a main house -- and
farm structures are much more at
risk as they may not be as strong
and will bear the full force of the
slide.
Infrastructure
In the same way that they destroy
property and land, mudslides can
also destroy infrastructure in the
area. This can include ripping up
roads, damaging pipes and
bringing down power and
communication lines. Electric
pylons and communication lines
are particularly vulnerable as they
have little or no foundation.
Roads being destroyed may also
hamper relief efforts.
15. Effects
People
According to the California
Geological Survey, between 1978
and 2003 more than 100 people
were killed in the state as a result
of mudslides. These people were
directly in the path of the slide or
those living in rooms below
ground level.
Rivers
Eventually, mudslides tend to reach
an area where they cannot cross,
such as rivers. In this situation, the
mud and rock flow into the river
and flow out to the ocean. This can
cause large silt deposits on the river
bed -- harmful to marine plants
and animals, animals relying on the
water and local human populations.
The eventual upside is that the
nutrients brought down by the
slide will improve the quality of
plant growth in the water.
Cleanup
All of this destruction has to be
cleaned up after the slide has
subsided. Cleanup costs time and
money. Disaster relief funds are
normally set up when these
events occur. Specialists are
brought in to help, and the U.S.,
like other developed nations, has
a strong system in place to help
affected areas get back to
normal. As with other natural
disasters, like earthquakes and
tsunamis, it is developing nations
that suffer the most as there are
fewer plans in place.