SDGs and Water
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Thematic Integration, Implementation and Monitoring of SDG6
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SDGs and Water
- 1. SDGs and Water: Thematic Integration, Implementation and Monitoring of SDG-6 Nadeem Ahmad, WaterAid Pakistan
- 2. Water at the core of sustainable development
- 4. Target 6.1: Drinking water
- 5. Target 6.2: Sanitation and hygiene
- 6. Target 6.3: Water quality and wastewater
- 7. Target 6.4: Water use and scarcity
- 8. Target 6.5: Water resources management
- 9. Target 6.6: Water-related ecosystems
- 10. Thematic Interlinkages • SDG6 reflective of whole SDG framework with positive impact on others • Require active role of sub- national governments & P.S • Balance three pillars of SD – Economic (IWRM) – Social (Universal & Equitable Access) – Environment (Protect & restore water ecosystems) • Permit accelerated actions • Inherent nexus approaches – Food (2)-Water (6)-Energy(7) – Food (2) –Water (6)-Industry (7) • Most suitable for system approaches, integrated actions
- 11. Within SDGs 6 integration • Increase in wastewater treatment (SDG 6.3.1), together with increased access to sanitation (SDG 6.2.1), will support good ambient water quality (SDG 6.3.2) and healthy water related ecosystems (SDG 6.6.1). • Good ambient water quality (SDG 6.3.2) will improve the provision of safe drinking water (SDG 6.1.1), which needs to be provided efficiently (SDG 6.4.1) and without negative impacts on water-related ecosystems (SDG 6.6.1).
- 15. Integrating the three dimensions of SD
- 16. Implementing SDG6 • Identify the interlinkages, synergies & trade-offs • Accelerator Interventions • Legal and policy reforms, Institutional coherence • Wider collaboration and participation • Break absolute targets to gradual goal posts • National targets and local SDG roadmaps with short, medium and long term actions • Vertical horizontal coordination and date flows • Access and use of adequate data
- 17. Monitoring SDGs Sub-national Global (HLPFs) Regional (Regional Forums) Thematic Thematic National (Accountability, National Statistical System, National Coordination) • Member States own SDG monitoring and reporting → should build on national data • Appointing a national focal point • Technical stream • Statistical stream
- 18. 12 Indicators for Monitoring Goal 6 Goal Indic. Lead agencies Indicator (brief title) Tier Drinking Water 6.1.1 WHO/UNICEF % population with water access Tier I Sanitation & Hygiene 6.2.1 WHO/UNICEF % population with safe sanitation Tier I 6.2.2 WHO/UNICEF % of population handwashing in the home Tier I WQ & WW 6.3.1 WHO, Habitat % Waste water (vol) safely treated Tier III 6.3.2 UNEP % water bodies with ambient water quality Tier III Efficiency & withdrawal 6.4.1 FAO % change in water use-efficiency over time Tier III 6.4.2 FAO Withdrawl % of available fresh water Tier II IWRM 6.5.1 UNEP Degree of integrated water resource management implementation (0-100) Tier II 6.5.2 UNECE, UNEP % of transboundary basin areas with operational arrangements for cooperation Tier III Ecosystems 6.6.1 UNEP Change in wetlands extent over time Tier III Cooperation 6.a.1 OECD, WHO, UNEP Water and sanitation ODA as part of coordinated spending plans Tier I Participation 6.b.1 WHO, UNEP Participation of local communities in water and sanitation management Tier II
- 19. SDG 6 & Global monitoring initiatives Goal 6 6.1 Drinking Water 6.2 Sanitation and Hygiene 6.3 Water quality 6.4 Water scarcity 6.5 Water resource mgmt 6.6 Eco- systems JMP GEMI GLAAS Means of Implementation 6.A International cooperation and capacity development 6.B Local participation
- 20. Integrated monitoring of water and sanitation related SDG targets – GEMI • GEMI tool is currently being developed, integrating and expanding existing efforts to ensure harmonised monitoring of the entire water cycle. • GEMI complements – WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) and – UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS) • Its specific objectives are to: – Integrate and expand existing monitoring efforts, to ensure harmonised monitoring of the entire water cycle – Provide Member States with a monitoring guide for SDG targets 6.3-6.6 – Engage Member States and enhance their capacity in water sector monitoring – Report on global progress towards SDG targets 6.3-6.6
- 21. Implementation of SDGs Indicators • Start with more simple methodologies (Tier 1), a limited number of parameters at a limited number of sites • As the capacity and resources progressively adopt more advanced and better disaggregated methodologies. • Combining various methods and data sources, including direct measurements, surveys, remote sensing, estimates and literature reviews. • In the short term, some estimates and modelling will likely be needed to fil-in existing data gaps
- 22. Target 6.1.1: Drinking water (Tier I) By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all 6.1.1: Population using safely managed drinking water services Definition: Pop. using an improved drinking water source which is: • located on premises, • available when needed, and • free of faecal and priority chemical contamination Accessibility Quality Availability
- 23. SDG Indicator 6.3.2: Ambient Water Quality (Tier III) Measurements of 5 parameters: 1. Dissolved Oxygen 2. Conductivity (salinity) 3. Coliform bacteria 4. Dissolved Nitrogen 5. Dissolved Phosphorus Calculation of national index: • Percentage of measuring stations that meet criteria for good status • Proximity-to-target calculation 6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality
- 24. SDG Indicator 6.4.2: Water stress (sust. withdrawals) (Tier II) Metrics: (km3/year) • TWW = Total Water Withdrawals • TRWR = Total Renewable Water Resources • EWR = Environmental Water Requirements Indicator calculation: Stress = TWW/(TRWR-EWR) 6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
- 25. Sources used • IAEW-SDGs. Tier Classification for Global SDG Indicators • UNESCAP.2017. Integrated approaches for Sustainable Development Goals planning: The case of Goal 6 on water and sanitation • UNWATER.2016Water and sanitation interlinkages across the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development UNWATER 2016Integrated Monitoring Guide for SDG 6 Targets and global indicators • UN-Water, 2016: Water and Sanitation Interlinkages across the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Geneva.
- 26. Thank you! For additional information or assistance please contact glaas@who.int
Editor's Notes
- The world is waking up to the enormity of our water-related challenges. Growing populations, more water-intensive patterns of growth, increasing rainfall variability, and pollution are combining in many places to make the availability of fit-for-purpose water one of the greatest risks to poverty eradication, peace and all three dimensions of sustainable development. Floods and droughts already impose huge social and economic costs around the world, and our climate is driving increases in the frequency and severity of water-related extreme events. If the world continues on its current path, projections suggest that the world may face a 40% shortfall in water availability by 2030, and economic growth in some regions may be cut by 6% due to water scarcity alone1 .
- SDG6 outlines some of the key actions that the world needs to take on water, including providing universal access to services, improving water quality, increasing water-use efficiency, protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems, and more broadly, implementing integrated water resource management at all levels, including through transboundary cooperation. Such actions will also contribute to the achievement of many other SDGs, not least those related to economic growth and poverty reduction, public health, energy, food security, disaster risk reduction, sustainable cities and ecosystems. Likewise, a successful implementation of SDG 6 will closely depend on delivering on other SDGs, such as SDG 12 on responsible consumption and production and SDG 17 on partnerships and enhanced means of implementation.
- increase in wastewater treatment (SDG 6.3.1), together with increased access to sanitation (SDG 6.2.1), will support good ambient water quality (SDG 6.3.2) and healthy waterrelated ecosystems (SDG 6.6.1). good ambient water quality (SDG 6.3.2) will improve the provision of safe drinking water (SDG 6.1.1), which needs to be provided efficiently (SDG 6.4.1) and without negative impacts on water-related ecosystems (SDG 6.6.1).
- Monitoring of all SDG 6 indicators is coordinated, and the subsequent data analysis is integrated. This can be achieved by appointing a national focal point to coordinate SDG 6 monitoring, and by convening an intersectoral monitoring team made up of the SDG 6 focal point, the leads of the technical teams (see below) and representatives from the national statistics office. The purpose of the interstectoral monitoring team would be to work with monitoring and data across indicators and sectors, to facilitate learning, and support integrated data analysis and use for policy- and decision-making. Relevant stakeholders are involved and cooperate in the monitoring process. For example, the responsibility of national-level monitoring could be assigned to target/indicator-specific technical teams, reporting to the SDG 6 focal point. The technical teams would be led by the institution in charge of implementing the specific target/indicator, and comprise all relevant stakeholders including academia, non-governmental organizations and business. Monitoring process is aligned with national processes and structures. For example, monitoring could be carried out as an integral part of the day-to-day operations of the ministries/institutions that are in charge of implementation, and data be used in national follow-up and review processes such as a joint sector review. Data are being used for evidence-based policy- and decision-making, in support of integrated water resources management. To strengthen this, policy- and decision-makers could be appointed to coordinate the monitoring process (e.g. the SDG 6 focal point and the leads of each indicator-specific technical team. Politicians appreciate the importance of monitoring and support it accordingly. To gain political support it is important to communicate how policy- and decision-making can be improved by having access to high quality data, i.e. the return of investment in monitoring.
- 6.1 and 6.2. JMP But there are twelve indicators proposed in all, and WHO is also involved in the monitoring of target 6.3, through the safely treated wastewater indicator regarding the treatment of domestic wastewater. (Other parts of this target track treatment of industrial waste, and surface water quality). And GLAAS is a co-custodian (along with OECD and UNEP) for monitoring of the Means of Implementation indicators, 6.A and 6.B… (transition to GLAAS and AMCOW).
- For drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (SDG targets 6.1 and 6.2), the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) is well placed, with 15 years’ experience from MDG monitoring. For the new targets on wastewater treatment and water quality, water use and use efficiency, integrated water resources management and water-related ecosystems (SDG targets 6.3 to 6.6), a new global monitoring initiative, Integrated monitoring of water and sanitation related SDG targets - GEMI, is currently being developed based on existing monitoring initiatives. And finally, the monitoring of the means of implementation (SDG targets 6.a and 6.b) can build on the UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS) and the GEMI reporting towards target 6.5 on integrated water resources management (IWRM), which is based on the existing UN-Water IWRM status reporting. JMP, GEMI and GLAAS will be progressively aligned to ensure a coherent SDG 6 monitoring framework, and together, they will be able to monitor progress towards the entirety of SDG 6, while also underpinning the monitoring of many other SDGs and targets through the use of multipurpose indicators.
- The ladder approach to monitoring To enable Member States to begin monitoring efforts at a level in line with their national capacity and available resources, there is also a need for flexible methodologies, for which the concept of a monitoring ladder is useful. With a ladder approach, countries can start with more simple methodologies, such as using alternative data sources or monitoring a limited number of parameters at a limited number of sites, and as their capacity and resources increase, they can “climb the ladder” to progressively adopt more advanced and better disaggregated methodologies. Fortunately, there are significant opportunities for combining various methods and data sources, including direct measurements, surveys, remote sensing, estimates and literature reviews. In the short term, some estimates and modelling will likely be needed to fill-in existing data gaps. In the longer term, as the monitoring capacity and resources improve, national monitoring will feed directly into global monitoring.