The major events of the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, a series of two revolutions in RUSSIA in 1917. The first revolution in March (O.S. February) deposed TSAR NICHOLAS II. The second revolution in November (O.S. October) toppled the Provisional Government and handed power to the Bolsheviks, giving way to the rise of the SOVIET UNION (U.S.S.R.), the world's first communist state.
The major events of the RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, a series of two revolutions in RUSSIA in 1917. The first revolution in March (O.S. February) deposed TSAR NICHOLAS II. The second revolution in November (O.S. October) toppled the Provisional Government and handed power to the Bolsheviks, giving way to the rise of the SOVIET UNION (U.S.S.R.), the world's first communist state.
Chapter 2a: The Rise of Stalin (Lesson 1 of 2)
In this lesson, you will learn about the Russian Revolutions of 1917 and how they set the stage for Stalin's rise to power. We will get through a few key names and terms, such as the 'Bolsheviks', 'Communism' and 'Lenin'. You will also see a guest appearance by Les Miserables (which, I repeat, has absolutely no historical relevance to the rise of Stalin).
Chapter 2a: The Rise of Stalin (Lesson 1 of 2)
In this lesson, you will learn about the Russian Revolutions of 1917 and how they set the stage for Stalin's rise to power. We will get through a few key names and terms, such as the 'Bolsheviks', 'Communism' and 'Lenin'. You will also see a guest appearance by Les Miserables (which, I repeat, has absolutely no historical relevance to the rise of Stalin).
This powerpoint contains all the content related to Chapter Three from your history textbook and what I have gone through in class with regards to Russia.
The Russian Revolution - Recurso Educativo Abierto - Fernando FloresFernandoFloresdeAnda
Recurso Educativo Abierto para la materia de Clínica Tutorial 1
Fernando Flores de Anda
Presentación que describe detalladamente el proceso que llevo hacia la revolución rusa, con una descripción de su contexto histórico, sus antecedentes, desarrollo y concecuencias.
Par contacto dirigirse al correo floresdeandafer@gmail.com
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
5. TSAR: THE TERM IS DERIVED FROM THE LATIN WORD CAESAR, WHICH WAS
INTENDED TO MEAN “EMPEROR" IN THE EUROPEAN MEDIEVAL SENSE OF THE TERM
-The Tsars were presented to the people as unattainable
gods
•NICHOLAS II (1868-1918)
-Was the last of the Romanov dinasty.
-His power was based on the control over the Orthodox
Church, the army, the bureaucracy and the political police.
1. THE TSARIST EMPIRE
7. 1. THE TSARIST EMPIRE
Semi-feudal
economy:
A wealthy minority
owned most of the
agricultural land.
A peasant majority
worked the land.
ECONOMIC SITUATION
8. 1. THE TSARIST EMPIRE
AUTOCRACY:
The
Tsar has absolute
power: he ruled by
decree.
The
parliament
(DUMA), had very
limited powers.
No civil rights and
repression.
POLITICAL SITUATION
9. 2. CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION
ECONOMICALLY
- Agriculture was the main economic activity.
- Backward farming methods.
- Lands controlled by nobles and the church.
- No strong industial system.
- Poor communications.
- Banking undeveloped.
- Foreign finances.
SOCIAL
- + 80% of the population were peasants - 100million.
- Miserable living conditions.
- Social hierarchy.
- Only 2% of the peopled worked in industries. But this
led to a revolutionary proletariat.
- No general education access.
- Scarce bourgeoisie and no middle class.
POLITICAL
- Autocracy.
- No political freedom: those that opposed were exiled
in Siberia.
OTHERS
- Size of Russia: hard to control.
- Climate: frozen agricultural lands, difficulties to
trade…
A
BACKWARD
COUNTRY
11. 2. CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION
POLITICAL
OPPOSITION
TO TSARISM
NIHILISTS
EDUCATION AND
TERRORISM. KROPOTKIN
& BAKUNIN
POPULISTS FARMERS REVOLUTION
AND COLLECTIVE LAND
KADET
BOURGEOIS LIBERAL
PARTY: PARLAMENTARY
REPUBLIC
SOCIALISTS
REVOLUTIONARIES
MOSTLY PEASANTS:
COLLECTIVE RURAL
SOCIETY. KERENSKY
SOCIAL
DEMOCRATIC
PARTY
WORKERS WITH MARXISM
IDEOLOGY
MENSHEVIKS: MODERATE
REVOLUTION. MARTOV
BOLSHEVIKS: RADICAL
REVOLUTION TAKING THE
POWER. LENIN
In 1898, the Russian
Social Democratic
Labour Party (RSDLP)
was formed.
• It was composed by
workers.
• Its aim was to
establish a Social
state based on the
principles of
Marxist ideology.
12. 2. CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION
Russo- Japanese war
1905
• Fight for controling
Manchuria and Corea.
• Russia lost and showed
its weakenesses in war.
• The Tsar lost part of the
Russian admiration.
Revolution
1905
• Economic crisis and the
war defeat.
• People organised a
peaceful manifestation
in front of the Winter
Palace reclaming
reforms.
• Brutal repression (blody
Sunday)
• Some concessions by
the Tsar > not
acomplished many.
First World War
1914
• Triple Entente.
• Army not prepared
and forced to fight.
• Defeats and 5 million
of deaths.
• Inflation because of low
productivity.
• Administrative caos.
• Total Tsarism discredit.
PRE-REVOLUTION
CRISIS
13. 2. CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION
1903
DISCONTENTS
AND STRIKES
1905 THE
REVOLUTION’S
REHERSAL
FEBRUARY 1917
DUMA’S
PROVISIONAL
GOVERNMENT
OCTOBER 1917
THE BOLSHEVIK
REVOLUTION
14. 3. THE REVOLUTION
• On 25th February there was a general strike.
• On 26th February the tsarist troops refused to shoot against the strikers.
• On 27th February a provisional government was formed by Luov and kerensky.
• On 3rd March Nicolas II abdicates.
PEACE AND BREAD
FEBRUARY 1917
End of the Romanov dinasty after ruling 300 years
Bourgeois and moderate socialists stablished a democratic country
15. 3. THE REVOLUTION
1. The decision to continue the war, which prevented the holding of elections.
2. The weakness of the bourgeoisie and its fear of being overwhelmed by other
more radical sectors, which prevented the expected reforms.
3. The pressure of the Soviets that looked for a model of society different from the
bourgeois one.
4. The defeats of the army continued and that led to a coup d’etat, that failed but
gave more prominence to the soviets (formed by peasants, workers and soldiers
and having their own army), the base of the Bolsheviks.
THE PROVISIONAL
GOVERNMENT FAILED
BECAUSE…
FEBRUARY 1917
16. The key character: LENIN
•Leader of the Bolsheviks.
•Promoter of the Russian
Revolution.
•He returned from the exile to
lead the Bolshevik’s seizure of
power.
3. THE REVOLUTION
17. 3. THE REVOLUTION
• On 25th October the soviets, controlled by the Bolsheviks, took control over
Petrograd and stormed the Winter Palace.
• In November 1917, election were held for the Constituent Assembly The
Bolsheviks got a minority and Lenin disolved the Assembly.
PEACE AND BREAD
OCTOBER 1917
The Bolsheviks siezed control of the government and Lenin became the new leader of Russia
Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the German Empire in March 1918
Land was redistributed among the poorest peasants.
18. 4. CIVIL WAR AND USSR
RED ARMY WHITE ARMY
The Bolshevik forces,
who supported the
Revolution.
The
counterrevolutionaries,
supported by the foreign
powers (Japan, Britain,
France, the US…).
HAVING THAT SITUATION CIVIL WAR
20. 4. CIVIL WAR AND USSR
BOLSHEVIK POWER
(COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION)
In the summer of 1918, the tsar and his family were
executed.
Persecution of opponents: tsarists, liberals,
Menshevicks, anarchists, etc.
All industry was nationalised, land was collectivised
and peasants had to give their harvest to the state.
21. 4. CIVIL WAR AND USSR
The USSR or
Soviet Union
In 1922, Lenin established
the UNION OF SOCIALIST
SOVIET REPUBLICS (USSR
or Soviet Union).
Each republic retained
its language and had
authority over justice
and education
The republic did not have
control over the
Communist Party, army,
economy and foreign
policy.
It was the
dictatorship of
the proletariat.
22. • The flag of the USSR (1921-1991)
4. CIVIL WAR AND USSR
