When a natural eco-friendly chitosan solution is used in combination with the GOA formal vaccine used against colibacillosis, salmonellosis and pasteurellosis, the immune system in calves becomes stable by Navruzov N.I. 2020. THE ROLE OF IMMUNOSTIMULANTS IN THE PREVENTION OF COLIBACILLOSIS, SALMONELLOSIS AND PASTEURELLOSIS IN CALVES. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 8 (Sep. 2020), 232-234. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i8.572 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/572/547 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/572
Antibiotic alternatives in veterinary therapeuticsBhoj Raj Singh
All AMR Control programs aim for improving antibiotic stewardship & finding alternative antimicrobials with an aim to reduce antibiotic use. The present presentation (delivered at the one-week Short-term Training Course organized by ICAR-IVRI Regional Station, Palampur to the field Veterinarians) summarises the possible antibiotic alternatives in veterinary therapeutics.
Who is responsible for emergence and spread of AMR? How ?o handle it?Bhoj Raj Singh
Is there anyone who is responsible for AMR? Everyone say no, or if accept, accept it partly. The community which is most readily accept the partial responsibility is Veterinarians and with some reluctance are the Medicos but others will either say Ï am not or will point this or that fellow or will show innocence or utter irrelevance. Who are those vets and medicos readily accept the responsibility or painted for AMR? All those from developing and poor countries, why? In India, there is a saying, “wife of a poor is Bhabhi of all”, that is poor are legalized to be blamed. All the responsible keep them behind thick curtains of the legal, philanthropic and humanitarian veil or with their right to Veto and might. In this presentation tried to understand the role of those behind veils and those are blamed.
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showin...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showing Antifungal Resistance by Elaine Meade in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Bacterial causes of respiratory tract infections in animals and choice of ant...Bhoj Raj Singh
The presentation enlists the most commonly identified bacteria causing respiratory tract infections in animals and the most effective antimicrobials for infections in different animals.
Antibiotic alternatives in veterinary therapeuticsBhoj Raj Singh
All AMR Control programs aim for improving antibiotic stewardship & finding alternative antimicrobials with an aim to reduce antibiotic use. The present presentation (delivered at the one-week Short-term Training Course organized by ICAR-IVRI Regional Station, Palampur to the field Veterinarians) summarises the possible antibiotic alternatives in veterinary therapeutics.
Who is responsible for emergence and spread of AMR? How ?o handle it?Bhoj Raj Singh
Is there anyone who is responsible for AMR? Everyone say no, or if accept, accept it partly. The community which is most readily accept the partial responsibility is Veterinarians and with some reluctance are the Medicos but others will either say Ï am not or will point this or that fellow or will show innocence or utter irrelevance. Who are those vets and medicos readily accept the responsibility or painted for AMR? All those from developing and poor countries, why? In India, there is a saying, “wife of a poor is Bhabhi of all”, that is poor are legalized to be blamed. All the responsible keep them behind thick curtains of the legal, philanthropic and humanitarian veil or with their right to Veto and might. In this presentation tried to understand the role of those behind veils and those are blamed.
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showin...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Disinfection of Mycotic Species Isolated from Cases of Bovine Mastitis Showing Antifungal Resistance by Elaine Meade in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
Bacterial causes of respiratory tract infections in animals and choice of ant...Bhoj Raj Singh
The presentation enlists the most commonly identified bacteria causing respiratory tract infections in animals and the most effective antimicrobials for infections in different animals.
It is not a secret that for the cultivation of farm animals antibiotics are used. Usually, antibiotics in meat industry are used to prevent bacterial infections. However, antibiotics have been used quite often for stimulation of a rapid growth of animals in these latter days.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi in the plants before or after harvest, which are capable of producing acute or chronic toxic effects (e.g. carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic) on animals and probably on humans at the levels of exposure.
Several mycotoxins in agricultural products cause health hazards to people and animals and economical problem. Dangerous mycotoxins are naturally present in foods, feeds and our environment. They are pathologically classified as hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, vomitoxin and neuromuscular toxin, some of which are potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic. Aflatoxin, for example, is the most potent hepatocarcinogen and mutagen among mycotoxins.
Modern mycotoxicology began with the discovery of Aflatoxin in the early 1960s as the chemical compound responsible for causing “Turkey X” disease. Over 100,000 turkeys died in the United Kingdom after ingesting feed containing contaminated peanut meal from Brazil. The disaster concerned also ducklings, calves, and pigs.
Toxic syndromes, resulting from the intake of Mycotoxins by man and animals, are known as mycotoxicosis. Although mycotoxicosis caused by mould Claviceps purpurea have been known for a very long time.
Association of Hygiene Hypothesis with High prevalence of Allergy and Autoimm...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Prevalence of Allergy and Autoimmune Diseases are high in developed countries, but not in developing countries. Helminth infection were associated with lower level of allergy but the mechanism is not yet clear. In hygiene countries like UK, Japan and Korea, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has gained interest as novel therapy and prevention and reach to medicine industrial manufactures. This study will support it by associate Hygiene Hypothesis (HyHy) and the high prevalence of Allergy and Autoimmune Disease. Systematic review and Bayesian network analysis in EBSCO host search engine were used. Result from dynaMed Evidence Based, Point-of-care Reference e Journals: Dentistry, Medical and Nursing has describe 9 literatures support the association of Hy-hy/parasite infection with Allergy and/ or Autoimmune Diseases: 2 publications of meta-analysis are chosen and supported by 5 cross sectional, longitudinal, cause-effect design, and 2 clinical and animal trial. Conclusions: Low-middle-high income countries has a life style of Hyhy pattern support FMT industrial medicine and travelling to developing countries with broad diversity bacteria and worm in therapeutic and prevention potential, supported by sub-saharan and tropical rainforest developing countries.
In this presentation you can gain better knowledge about different kind of toxins which are produced by the fungi (mycotoxine) and this presentation will be important to the students who are studying phytopathology as well as the pathology.
It has been known for some years that cereal commodities can contain mycotoxins. With the gradual increase of human life expectancy, it has now been proven that these natural toxins contribute to certain forms of cancers in both humans and animals.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial causes of abortions and metritis in...Bhoj Raj Singh
The presentation talks about buffaloes' reproduction problems, especially bacterial causes of abortions and uterine infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
Src jbbr-21-125 Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL M...dr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
It is not a secret that for the cultivation of farm animals antibiotics are used. Usually, antibiotics in meat industry are used to prevent bacterial infections. However, antibiotics have been used quite often for stimulation of a rapid growth of animals in these latter days.
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi in the plants before or after harvest, which are capable of producing acute or chronic toxic effects (e.g. carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic) on animals and probably on humans at the levels of exposure.
Several mycotoxins in agricultural products cause health hazards to people and animals and economical problem. Dangerous mycotoxins are naturally present in foods, feeds and our environment. They are pathologically classified as hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, vomitoxin and neuromuscular toxin, some of which are potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic. Aflatoxin, for example, is the most potent hepatocarcinogen and mutagen among mycotoxins.
Modern mycotoxicology began with the discovery of Aflatoxin in the early 1960s as the chemical compound responsible for causing “Turkey X” disease. Over 100,000 turkeys died in the United Kingdom after ingesting feed containing contaminated peanut meal from Brazil. The disaster concerned also ducklings, calves, and pigs.
Toxic syndromes, resulting from the intake of Mycotoxins by man and animals, are known as mycotoxicosis. Although mycotoxicosis caused by mould Claviceps purpurea have been known for a very long time.
Association of Hygiene Hypothesis with High prevalence of Allergy and Autoimm...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Prevalence of Allergy and Autoimmune Diseases are high in developed countries, but not in developing countries. Helminth infection were associated with lower level of allergy but the mechanism is not yet clear. In hygiene countries like UK, Japan and Korea, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has gained interest as novel therapy and prevention and reach to medicine industrial manufactures. This study will support it by associate Hygiene Hypothesis (HyHy) and the high prevalence of Allergy and Autoimmune Disease. Systematic review and Bayesian network analysis in EBSCO host search engine were used. Result from dynaMed Evidence Based, Point-of-care Reference e Journals: Dentistry, Medical and Nursing has describe 9 literatures support the association of Hy-hy/parasite infection with Allergy and/ or Autoimmune Diseases: 2 publications of meta-analysis are chosen and supported by 5 cross sectional, longitudinal, cause-effect design, and 2 clinical and animal trial. Conclusions: Low-middle-high income countries has a life style of Hyhy pattern support FMT industrial medicine and travelling to developing countries with broad diversity bacteria and worm in therapeutic and prevention potential, supported by sub-saharan and tropical rainforest developing countries.
In this presentation you can gain better knowledge about different kind of toxins which are produced by the fungi (mycotoxine) and this presentation will be important to the students who are studying phytopathology as well as the pathology.
It has been known for some years that cereal commodities can contain mycotoxins. With the gradual increase of human life expectancy, it has now been proven that these natural toxins contribute to certain forms of cancers in both humans and animals.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial causes of abortions and metritis in...Bhoj Raj Singh
The presentation talks about buffaloes' reproduction problems, especially bacterial causes of abortions and uterine infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
Src jbbr-21-125 Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL M...dr.Ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
PREVENTION OF MIXED DISEASES (Pasteurellosis and diplococcosis) THAT OCCUR IN...SubmissionResearchpa
This article discusses the formation of immunity against two diseases and the effectiveness of disease prevention in a single application of a vaccine developed against pasteurellosis and diplococcosis in lambs. Therefore, it is advisable to vaccinate sheep and lambs with this vaccine 3 ml the first time and 2 ml the second time under the skin by Sheralieva I.D 2020. PREVENTION OF MIXED DISEASES (Pasteurellosis and diplococcosis) THAT OCCUR IN YOUNG ANIMALS. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 8 (Sep. 2020), 229-231. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i8.571 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/571/546 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/571
Biochemical and pharmacological study of biologically active preparation of p...inventionjournals
Our aim was to perform some biochemical and pharmacological studies of bioactive bovine placental preparation via digestion of cow placenta using enzyme contained in swine stomach. Amino acid compositions and contents in biologically active preparation of placenta, obtained by digestion of cow placenta with enzyme contained in swine stomach were measured by HPLC technique and it was found that contents of such amino acids as glycine, proline and lysine were highest and 9 essential amino acids, including valine, histidine, methionine, lysine, threonine, arginine, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine were measured. In pharmacological study, acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation and effect of the preparation on immune response to sheep erythrocyte were investigated in white mice, weighing 18 to 20 g each. The study revealed acute toxicity (LD50) of the preparation was 60 ml per kg. Spleen index of the first and second experimental group animals treated by the preparation during both provoked and unprovoked immune responses increased by 1.2 to 3.09 times as compared to that of negative control animals, while splenocyte count elevated by 1.2 to 2.2 times than negative control animals. Higher contents of essential amino acids of the biologically active preparation of cattle placenta shows its biologically higher nutritive value, as well as pharmacological study reveals the preparation has minimal toxicity and higher effect to stimulate immune responses.
Antioxidants are substances which are capable to protect the body from damages caused by free radical. A variety of free radical scavenging antioxidants exists in the body and many of them are derived from plant sources. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of the absolute ethanolic extract of Enantia chlorantha stem bark on typhoid fever induced rats. Salmonella typhi infected rats were treated every day between 7 to 9 AM with different doses of plant extract (9.16, 36.5 and 73 mg/kg or oxytetracyclin 20 mg/ kg). After 09 days of treatment, the results show that the different doses of this extract have all contributed to the cure of the infected rats, healing marked by the absence of salmonella in animal’s blood cultured on ss agar. In the other hand, treatment with different doses of plant extract result in a relative and signifi cant (p < 0.05) increase in the level of some blood and tissues antioxidant parameters such as CAT, SOD and POD while the level of alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide as compared to untreated control group animal as compared to the untreated control group animals. Whereas, the level of ALP, MDA and NO were signifi cantly decreased (p < 0.05). These results showed that the absolute ethanolic extract of E. chlorantha stem bark possess antioxidant and antityphoid properties necessary to eradicate the free radical produced during typhoid fever infection.
Mobile phone has been source of microorganisms that cause diseases of public health concerns. In a study, one-fi fth of cellular phones examined were found to harbor pathogenic bacteria indicating that these devices may serve as vehicles of transmission. Swab samples were collected aseptically from the phones of different handlers like motor bike riders, food vendors, meat sellers and nursing mothers. Bacteria isolation and identifi cation were carried out using pour plating technique with distinctive morphological and biochemical characteristics.The pathogenicity of the bacterial isolates was investigated through oral inoculation into albino rats. Eighty-eight (88) bacteria were isolated and selected based on their resistance to antibiotics for pathological study. Loss in weight was observed in some albino rat. Along with reduction in the packed cell volume, hemoglobin but raised white blood cell. Animal inoculated with Bacillus cereus showed meningitis like symptom after the first week of inoculation. Also, there were short and stunted villi; low crystal depth with necrotic
debris in the lumen. It has been observed that cell phones may harbor pathogenic bacteria and can subsequently plays role as fomite in the disease transmission. Therefore, the need to educate community phone handlers in the rural area becomes imperative.
To avoid diseases resulting from high pathogenic pressure in intensive broiler and turkey housing systems, antibiotic growth promoters have been used in many cases in the past. Since the EU-prohibition of these products, an increasing interest exists for alternatives to support the microbiota in the intestine and for the maintenance of animal health.
Influence of Different Levels of Adsorbent “Vitacorm Reo-M” on the Morphologi...IJAEMSJORNAL
The study was carried out to determine the effects of levels of adsorbent "Vitacorm REO-M" on the growth, hematology, and serum biochemistry of pigs. The pigs were separated into four groups and further randomized design and fed diets contained by weight: concentrates grain mixture consisting of barley – 43.0%, corn – 10.0%, wheat – 11.0 – 11.5%, peas – 8.0 – 8.5%, and also bran – 6.0-8.0%, soybean meal – 5.0-9.0%, sunflower meal – 6.0%, fish meal – 5.0%, soybean oil – 2.0%, premix – 2.5%. The control animals (CG) were fed the main diet and EG1, EG2 and EG3 diet included adsorbent additive "Vitacorm REO-M" in the amount of 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kg per ton of feed, respectively. The pigs were adequately housed, while feed and potable water were supplied ad libitum. At the end of the experiment 3 pigs were randomly sampled from each treatment (1 per replicate) and blood collected through venipuncture on veins at backside of the ears. Results showed significant (P≤0.05) effect of "Vitacorm REO-M" at a dosage of 4 kg per ton of feed allowed to obtain an additional average daily gain in EG2 (0.541 kg) 7.98% higher than in the CG. Was found that the highest content of total protein at the end of the experience was observed in CG - 68.95% (while in EG2 - 64.43%, EG1 - 64.62%, EG3 - 63.22%) and the highest level of γ-globulin content was noted in EG1 and EG3, respectively 9.33 and 9.53%. AST activity maximum increase (at a rate of 22.0-47.0 u/l) was observed in animals of the EG1 by 11.11%, and a decrease of 7.02% in EG3 relative to the CG. In the EG2, the AST index was within the normal range - 40.0 U/l. ALT activity was reduced in comparison with the CG in the EG1 by 4.23% - 3.0 U/l, in the EG2 - by 19.72% - 14.0 U/l.
Effect of Some Disinfectants on Antibiotic Resistance Staphylococcus Isolated...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Harmony between society and personality, and its influence on the phenomenon ...SubmissionResearchpa
This article deals with the phenomenon of happiness as a socio-anthropological phenomenon that requires consideration in harmony between social reality and a person, society and personality with their dreams, desires, experiences and ideas. A person, although he thinks about happiness alone, although he considers happiness as a phenomenon that concerns only his life, this does not mean that happiness manifests itself according to his absolute will and absolutely touches and obeys his desires. Society influences the happy or unhappy life of a person not only by established rules, but also by careful contributions and traditions by Eshonkulova Nurjakhon Abdujabborovna 2020. Harmony between society and personality, and its influence on the phenomenon of happiness. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 87-88. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.925 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/925/873 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/925
Establishment of the Institute and Waqf aspects of its development in Central...SubmissionResearchpa
The article describes the essence of waqf institution and some aspects of its development in Central Asia. The importance of the endowment institution not only as a philanthropist, but also as a social institution that embodies many functions in society is highlighted by Nargiza Ismatova 2020. Establishment of the Institute and Waqf aspects of its development in Central Asia (until the second half of the 19th century). International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 71-75. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.916 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/916/864 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/916
The history of the Kokand Khanate in the press of Turkestan (According to Sut...SubmissionResearchpa
Suttorkhon Abdulgafforov's book "A Brief Essay on the Internal Situation of the Kokand Khanate Before the Russian Invasion", published in the Turkestan press, provides valuable information on the history of Kokand. In particular, it reflects governance, traditional education, the judicial system and the military situation in the last days of the khanate by Rakhimjanova Nigora Kudratillaevna 2020. The history of the Kokand Khanate in the press of Turkestan (According to Suttorkhon Abdulgafforov). International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 68-70. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.915 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/915/863 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/915
Of partial defects of the dental rows of dynamic study of the state of the mu...SubmissionResearchpa
Despite the rapid development of dentistry and advances in the prevention of diseases of the maxillofacial region, implantology, and the treatment of dental diseases, the number of patients who need prosthetics with removable orthopedic structures of dentures remains high, and only increases with age, due to the increasing rate of aging. society of the planet (M.Yu. Ogorodnikov, 2007; V.I.Shemonaev, 2012; E.S. Kalivradzhiyan, 2013; E.A.Zholudev, 2014; CE. Bragin, 2014; L.D. Veisheim, 2014). Among the reasons for the high demand for orthopedic treatment with removable dentures, the leading position is still held by insufficient sanitation of the oral cavity, untimely access of patients to the dentist. In addition, an important role is played by the problem of imperfection of materials and technologies used for the manufacture of dentures, leading to a deterioration in the condition of the dentition by A.Kh. Zhumaev 2020. Of partial defects of the dental rows of dynamic study of the state of the mucosa of the oral cavity in the new conditions of functioning. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 61-63. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.913 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/913/861 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/913
The essence and specifics of modern social and cultural activities in Karakal...SubmissionResearchpa
Socio-cultural activity as a process of active development, dissemination and creation of cultural values is ultimately focused on the formation of the cultural environment of human life, the elaboration of mechanisms for its socialization, enculturation and self-realization, the creation of methodological directions for the development of spiritual interests and requirements of people in order to realize the essential forces and capabilities of each person by Ahimbetova Gulbahar Kanatbaevna 2020. The essence and specifics of modern social and cultural activities in Karakalpakstan. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 56-60. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.912 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/912/860 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/912
International commercial arbitration in Uzbekistan: current state and develop...SubmissionResearchpa
This article is devoted to a number of issues relating to the functioning of international commercial arbitration as a non-State mechanism for the settlement of international commercial disputes in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In article also found a brief introduction on the history of arbitration in Uzbekistan since its independence. Special attention is paid to the rules introduced since the entry into force of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On international commercial arbitration”. Moreover, the author highlights some problematic issues and inconsistencies that exist in the legislation on legal proceedings in arbitration courts. The author also addresses several issues regarding the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards by Ziyoda Boratova 2020. International commercial arbitration in Uzbekistan: current state and development prospects . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 47-49. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.911 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/911/859 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/911
Obtaining higher fatty alcohols based on low molecular polyethylene and their...SubmissionResearchpa
One of the ways to change the physicochemical properties of diesel fuels is to add so-called additives to it. The purpose of this work is to obtain higher fatty alcohols and the use of qualitatively new imported - substituted additives, synthesized on the basis of the use of local secondary raw materials, which is increases their efficiency by Fozilov Hasan Sadriddin Ugli 2020. Obtaining higher fatty alcohols based on low molecular polyethylene and their useage as lubricating additives for diesel fuels. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 44-46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.910 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/910/858 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/910
Re-positioning adult education for development to thrive in NigeriaSubmissionResearchpa
The paper examines adult education practice in agriculture-led development strategy from pedagogical perspective. The paper believes that adult education has the potentialities for development but argues that there are missing elements in the adult education practice that are critical if sustained agricultural growth will be achieved. Instead of andragogy, transformative learning and liberatory method should be embraced. Also, instead of focusing on scientific knowledge systems alone, indigenous practices should be encouraged by Ephraim Wordu 2020. Re-positioning adult education for development to thrive in Nigeria . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 12 (Dec. 2020), 1-6. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.902 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/902/853 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/902
This study examines adult basic education in the 21st century world. The study identifies a new paradigm in response to global changes particularly concerning employment. Preparation for additional training as the basis for basic education for adults in the 21st century. The study also indicates that there is relationship between literacy, environment and development by Ephraim Wordu 2020. Re-thinking adult basic education in the 21st century . International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 227-230. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.1041. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/1041/989 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/1041
This article provides valuable information about the genres of Uyghur folk singing. The article also provides a detailed overview of the Uyghur musical heritage, which speaks to the ancient history of Uygur music culture. by Muyassarkhon Achildiyeva and Dilafruz Madalieva 2020. Uyghur folk singing genre. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 222-226. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.923. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/923/871 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/923
The term cerebral palsy has been around for more than a century, and the disease itself has probably existed without a name throughout human history. However, despite its long history, there is still no unity in views on this issue. by O. E. Idiev 2020. Infantile cerebral palsy and dental anomalies. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 212-215. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.921. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/921/869 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/921
An innovative mechanisms to increase the effectiveness of independent educati...SubmissionResearchpa
This article provides recommendations for the organization of methodological services based on innovative approaches that affect the quality of education in general and special education institutions. by Mahmudova Madinahon Sobirkhonovna 2020. An innovative mechanisms to increase the effectiveness of independent education of future defectologists. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 210-211. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.920. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/920/868 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/920
The role of radiation diagnostic methods in pathological changes of the hip j...SubmissionResearchpa
Endoprosthesis replacement-operational treatment of diseases and damages of hip joint. The problem of prevention of complications and their negative effects is extremely actual today. However the role of different beam techniques in identification of adverse effects and complications of endoprosthesis replacement of joints is studied insufficiently. Results of clinic and diagnostic and beam researches of 40 patients with pathology of hip joint are analyzed. The used beam methods of research - roentgenography, multispiral computed tomography. At presurgical stage the main objective was detection of pathology of joint, definition of indications and planning of operative measure. Situation and relationship of components of endoprosthesis, condition of bone tissue, and also bone cement round cup and leg of prosthesis were key parameters of radiological assessment of outcomes of endoprosthesis replacement. Complex use of radiological techniques (roentgenography and spiral computed tomography) allows to specify and add semiotics of changes of bone tissue at the level of acetabular hollow and proximal department of femur after endoprosthesis replacement. by Janibekov J. J 2020. The role of radiation diagnostic methods in pathological changes of the hip joint before and after endoprosthetics. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Dec. 2020), 203-205. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i12.918. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/918/866 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/918
Proverbs are one of the oldest popular genres of Uzbek folklore, which reflects the worldview, attitude to society and moral norms of the people. In this article, spiritual and idealistic features of proverbs are elucidated and salient examples from masterpieces are given. by Kodirova Saodat Abdurakhimovna 2020. Idealistic study of proverbs. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 201-202. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.888. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/888/843 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/888
Positive and negative features of mythological images in the epics “Beowulf” ...SubmissionResearchpa
At the time of what is considered primitive today, our ancestors were a hundred times more poets than we are. Thousands of years ago, the way of thinking of our ancestors was in the form of “poetic observation”: they accepted their life and everything in nature as a symbol of their imaginary concepts. At that time it was understood that the sky, water, greenery, sun, moon, light and darkness had a soul; the day was replaced by night, and the struggle between good and evil was thought to be over. by More Citation Formats https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/887/842 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/887
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Natural disasters are casualties that occur outside of human consciousness and activity. They can occur quickly or gradually. These are events that end with the disappearance. Natural disasters: landslides, floods, strong winds, fires, droughts, landslides, avalanches, rain. Some natural emergencies lead to the development of man-made emergencies. The causes of earthquakes are divided into: - Tectonic earthquakes; - volcanic earthquake; by Ravshanova Inoyatkhon Erkinovna and Shermatova Yoqutkhon Sobirovna 2020. Natural emergencies. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 170-171. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.878. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/878/835 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/878
Due to intolerance of dental materials used for therapeutic treatmentSubmissionResearchpa
Long-term clinical observations show that widely used dentures made of metals and their alloys are not indifferent, cause a number of diseases of the oral mucosa, and have social and medical consequences in the form of intolerance to dental prosthesis materials[1,2]. Currently, ceramic materials, plastics, stainless steels, cobalt-chromium, silver-palladium alloys, gold-based alloys, platinum, etc. are used for orthopedic treatment. these alloys include the following metals: iron, chromium, Nickel, titanium, manganese, silicon, molybdenum, cobalt, palladium, zinc, silver, gold, etc. Signs of intolerance may occur when placing dentures and filling materials in the oral cavity. Intolerance to prosthetic materials can be caused by different reasons that have different mechanisms of pathology development. Solving problems with intolerance to dental materials in each patient requires analysis together with a dentist, an immunologist, and an immunological laboratory [1-4]. by O. A. Razhabov, Khaуitova M. A and Usmonov N. U. 2020. Due to intolerance of dental materials used for therapeutic treatment. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 11 (Nov. 2020), 160-162. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.876. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/876/833 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/876
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
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THE ROLE OF IMMUNOSTIMULANTS IN THE PREVENTION OF COLIBACILLOSIS, SALMONELLOSIS AND PASTEURELLOSIS IN CALVES
1. e-ISSN : 2620 3502
p-ISSN : 2615 3785
International Journal on Integrated Education
Volume 3, Issue VIII, August 2020 | 232
THE ROLE OF IMMUNOSTIMULANTS IN THE
PREVENTION OF COLIBACILLOSIS, SALMONELLOSIS
AND PASTEURELLOSIS IN CALVES
Navruzov N.I.1
1
Junior researcher, Veterinary Research Institute , Uzbekistan.
B.A.Elmurodov2
2
Scientific adviser: Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Senior Research Fellow,
Veterinary Research Institute , Uzbekistan.
ABSTRACT
When a natural eco-friendly chitosan solution is used in combination with the GOA formal vaccine
used against colibacillosis, salmonellosis and pasteurellosis, the immune system in calves becomes stable.
Keywords: ecology, xitozan, immunostimulant, colibasillosis, vaccine, immunoglobulin,
agglutinabilation, salmonellas.
1. INTRODUCTION
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 28, 2019 №5696 "On measures
to radically improve public administration in the veterinary and livestock sector and the implementation of the
resolution of March 28, 2019 PQ-4254 on the organization of the State Committee for Veterinary and
Livestock Development and June 1, 2017" Resolution of the State Veterinary Committee of the Republic of
Uzbekistan No. PP-3026 on measures to organize the activities of the State Veterinary Committee of the
Republic of Uzbekistan and Resolution No. PP-4947 of February 7, 2017 "On a new approach to the state and
society in the development of the Republic" According to the Law "On Veterinary Medicine" (in the new
edition), taking into account the shortage of veterinary drugs in private, subsidiary farms engaged in animal
husbandry and the import of veterinary drugs used in animal husbandry, mainly from foreign countries.
research focuses on creating competitive biopreparations using local resources. At the expense of various
biopreparations produced at VITI, it is possible to save the state currency spent on imports.
Agriculture has a special place in the economy of our country and great importance is attached to the
development of this sector. The development and increase of profitability of livestock, which is the main
branch of agriculture, depends on factors such as increasing the number of farm animals in recent years,
increasing their productivity, obtaining healthy children, proper care, protection from various infectious and
non-infectious diseases. Infectious diseases of farm animals, especially infectious diseases in livestock, are
considered a major risk. We all know that infectious diseases such as colibacillosis, salmonellosis and
pasteurellosis are one of the main problems in animal husbandry, which is common in farm animals, especially
among young animals. The lack of biologically active and chemical drugs used in the prevention or treatment
of diseases of farm animals in the veterinary field further complicates the problem and contributes to the wider
spread of infectious diseases.
2. RELEVANCE OF THE TOPIC
Nowadays, the use of natural organic, pure ecological products is important for the people. In
agriculture, veterinary medicine, as well as in the field of medicine, pure natural ecological products are of
paramount importance. In particular, the enrichment of veterinary drugs with pure natural organic matter
increases the natural resistance in animals.
Colibacillosis is an acute infectious disease of young animals, occurring mainly in young animals
from 1 to 8 days of age. Typical symptoms of colibacillosis are: enteritis, sepsis and weakness.
Salmonellosis (paratyphoid) is an acute and chronic infectious disease of young animals and poultry,
mainly characterized by septicemia, fever, intoxication and gastrointestinal disorders in calves aged 10-60
days.
Pasteurellosis is characterized by acute and chronic hemorrhagic septicemia in mammals, poultry and
fur animals, croupous pneumonia, pleurisy, purulent necrotic pneumonia in the lungs, kerato-conjunctivitis,
hemorrhagic enteritis.
It is natural that the body's immune system is weakened, leading to respiratory diseases,
gastrointestinal, infectious and non-infectious diseases. In particular, this situation increases the economic
2. e-ISSN : 2620 3502
p-ISSN : 2615 3785
International Journal on Integrated Education
Volume 3, Issue VIII, August 2020 | 233
harm of colibacillosis, salmonellosis and pasteurellosis in young calves. Antibiotics used in the treatment of
this type of mixed disease have a negative impact on the morphopathological, morpho-functional state of the
organism. Although the ecologically pure chitosan drug is widely studied in the plant kingdom, its level of
effect on the animal body is one of the current problems. Therefore, in our study, chitosan solution (chitosan
succinate 4%) was used in the case of mixing GOA formal vaccine against colibacillosis, salmonellosis and
pasteurellosis in farm animals.
3. OBJECT AND METHODS OF RESEARCH
Our research was conducted in the laboratory of microbiology of VITI, the laboratory of immunology
of the diagnostic center "Sangzor" and in large livestock complexes "SIYOB SHAVKAT ORZU". Our results
and analysis were conducted on the basis of these data (2012-2018). Enrichment of vaccines against
colibacillosis, pasteurellosis and salmonellosis with the natural compound "chitosan" is the main goal of our
experiment.
Immunological reactions were carried out on young calves to study the effectiveness of farm animals
prepared from strains of type A of E. coli, Salmonella Dublin, P. multocida against pasteurellosis,
colibacillosis and salmonellosis by adding a solution of succinate chitosan (4%) with GOA formal vaccine.
The body's fight against microbes is determined by immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulin E and
immunoglobulin D are almost non-existent in farm animals (F.J. Bourne et al. 1978). IgM are macroglobulins
that are formed in the early stages of immune reactions. IgG is the major immunoglobulin in the serum, of
which there are two types, IgG1 and IgG2. In addition to immunoglobulins, the main cellular elements of the
organism are macrophages (monocytes), as well as vital T and B lymphocytes. Studies were conducted on 8
head of calves available in VITI’s laboratories. The results of pre- and post-agglutination reactions and
immunological (IgM and ImG) analysis before the introduction of vaccines with "naturally activated" chitosan
solution into the body of calves during the study are recorded in the table below.
Group I was an experimental group in which three young calves were injected with a solution of
natural organic, environmentally friendly pure chitosan succinate (4%) into the GOA formal vaccine against
colibacillosis, salmonellosis, and pasteurellosis.
Group II is the experimental group, in which three young calves were injected only with the GOA
formal vaccine against colibacillosis.
Group III was the control group, and two head of calves were left under control and no solution was
injected into them.
To determine the results of our studies, immunological and agglutination reaction analyzes were
obtained from serum obtained from calves in the experimental and control group.
A method for determining the effect of immunostimulants in the prevention of colibacillosis in calves
Table 1.
Groups Number of
head of
animals
Types of analysis
The AR titer
(pre-
experiment) is
normally 1: 200
AR titer
(post-
experiment)
C reactive
protein is
normally
0.1-0.3 mg
/ l
IgM norm
is 0.4-2.3
mg / l
IgG norm 7
- 16 mg / l
I group
experience
1 1 : 200 1 : 1600 0,42 2,9 20
2 1 : 100 1 : 800 0,34 2,7 16
3 1: 200 1 : 800 0,4 2,8 18
Group II
experiment
4 1 : 200 1 : 800 0,3 2 17
5 1 : 200 1 : 800 0,32 2,4 16
6 1 : 200 1 : 400 0,3 2,2 17
Control
group
7 1 : 200 1 : 200 0,2 0,9 8
8 1 : 200 1 : 200 0,2 0,8 9
A method for determining the effect of immunostimulants in the prevention of calf salmonellosis
Table 2.
Groups Number of
head of
animals
Types of analysis
The AR titer
(pre-
experiment) is
normally 1:
200
The AR titer
(pre-
experiment)
is normally
1: 200
The AR titer
(pre-
experiment)
is normally
1: 200
The AR titer
(pre-
experiment)
is normally
1: 200
The AR titer
(pre-
experiment)
is normally
1: 200
I group
experience
1 1 : 200 1 : 1600 0,42 3,5 20
2 1 : 100 1 : 800 0,34 2,7 22
3 1: 200 1 : 800 0,41 2,8 21
3. e-ISSN : 2620 3502
p-ISSN : 2615 3785
International Journal on Integrated Education
Volume 3, Issue VIII, August 2020 | 234
Group II
experiment
4 1 : 200 1 : 800 0,3 2,6 17
5 1 : 200 1 : 800 0,33 2,4 18
6 1 : 200 1 : 800 0,35 2,5 18
Control
group
7 1 : 100 1 : 100 0,2 0,8 9
8 1 : 50 1 : 50 0,21 0,9 8
A method for determining the effect of immunostimulants in the prevention of pasteurellosis in calves
Table 3.
Groups Number of
head of
animals
Types of analysis
The AR titer
(pre-
experiment) is
normally 1: 200
The AR
titer (pre-
experiment)
is normally
1: 200
The AR
titer (pre-
experiment)
is normally
1: 200
The AR
titer (pre-
experiment)
is normally
1: 200
The AR
titer (pre-
experiment)
is normally
1: 200
I group
experience
1 1 : 200 1 : 1600 0,45 2,9 22
2 1 : 100 1 : 1600 0,34 2,8 19
3 1: 100 1 : 800 0,42 2,8 20
Group II
experiment
4 1 : 200 1 : 400 0,36 2 17
5 1 : 200 1 : 800 0,32 2,4 18
6 1 : 100 1 : 800 0,35 2,2 16
Control
group
7 1 : 50 1 : 200 0,28 0,9 9
8 1 : 50 1 : 200 0,29 1,2 6
As a result of our study, it was found that the average antibody titer to the pathogens of pasteurellosis,
colibacillosis and salmonellosis in the calves of the first experimental group was 1: 800, the level of
immunoglobulins in the blood was 2.3 mg / l higher than normal in the first group. In particular, these
indicators were found to be high in IgM and IgG in colibacillosis, with higher efficacy than in the second and
third groups. In conclusion, studies have shown that GOA in young calves is highly effective when injected
into a formal vaccine against colibacillosis, salmonellosis, and pasteurellosis by adding a solution of natural
organic, environmentally friendly pure chitosan succinate (4%).
4. CONCLUSION
The study concluded the following:
-Young calves have a high cost-effectiveness of infection from colibacillosis, salmonellosis and
pasteurellosis. -A mixture of GOA formal vaccine against colibacillosis, salmonellosis and pasteurellosis of
farm animals, used to prevent colibacillosis, salmonellosis and pasteurellosis it was found that GOA used
against colibacillosis, salmonellosis, and pasteurellosis had a higher immune status than the vaccine used
against the formal vaccine.
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[5] B.A. Elmurodov, S.H. Abdalimov, I.D. Sheralieva. Diseases of young animals Samarkand 2016. Zarafshan
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