The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan and key events leading to its formation, including: 1) The Hindi-Urdu controversy in the 19th century sowed seeds of conflict between Hindus and Muslims; 2) The Muslim League was established in 1906 to represent Muslim political interests; 3) The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw temporary cooperation between the Congress and League but broke down after World War 1. The demand for an independent Pakistan grew stronger after the failure of cooperation efforts and Congress mistreatment of Muslims in the late 1930s.

1. IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN
Assignment:
The political situation of subcontinent
Submitted by;
Abdul Qadoos khan (2010-1142)
lawanijanan@gmail.com

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
a) Hindi Urdu controversy
b) Arya Smaj a) Khilafat movement
c) Dar-Uloom-i-Deoband b) Non cooperation
d) Anjuman-i-Himayat-i- Movement
islam Lahore c) Hijerat movement
e) Formation of AINC d) Chauri Chaura Tragedy
f) All India Muslim League e) Simon commission
g) The partition of Bengal f) Nehru Report
h) The congress- League g) Quaid fourteen points
pact or Lucknow pact of h) Round table conferences
1916 i) Government of India Act,
i) Montage-chelmsford 1935
reforms 1919 j) 1937 elections and
Congress ministries

3. HINDI URDU CONTROVERSY
 Urdo was intoduced as an official language
of the subcontenent in 1825 which arrouse
Hindu antagonism against Urdu
 In 1867 Hindi Urdu controversy campaigning
was started in Banaras.
 This was the first apple of discord which was
sown among the two communities of
subcontinent

4. HINDI URDU CONTROVERSY
 Hindu demonstrated against urdu and
demanded it replacement with Hindi
 Urdu was slowly scraped by Hindi with the
help of British rulers

5. ARYA SMAJ
 In 1877 Arya smaaj was established
 Its main motto was to convert those Muslim
who were Hindu but change their religion to
Islam

6. DAR-ULOOM-I-DEOBAND
 Start Functioning from 14 april 1866 in a
small mosque of sarhang.
 Jamiat ul ulma I hind was the political
production of Deoband
 Jamiat was the supporter of the political
philosophy of Congress till the Foundation of
Pakistan

7. DAR-ULOOM-I-DEOBAND
 Jamiat ul ulma I Islam was the an other
product of Deoband
 Supporter of the Pakistan movement

8. ANJUMAN-I-HIMAYAT-I-ISLAM LAHORE
 Established on 24th september 1884 in
Lahore
 Islamia colleges in all over pakistan are the
invention of Anjuman
 Muthi bhar Ata scheem was started in the
streets of lahore for financial support

9. FORMATION OF AINC
 The Indian National Congress was
established in 1888
 Allan Octavian Hume was the founder of NIC
and a former secrtory of the Govt of India
 AINC was the voice of nation i.e hindus and
muslims in theory but was not in practical

10. ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE
 Established in 30 December 1906 in the
Daca
 The delegation was engineered by the
principle of Ali Garh college Mr. Archbold

11. OBJECTIVES OF AIML
 Foster a sense of loyelty to British
Government
 Lookofter the political interest of Muslims of
India
 To bring about better understanding between
Muslims and other communities

12. OBJECTIVE OF FOUNDATION OF AIML & INC
 Both foundation of political parties of
subcontenent were the ideas and support of
British rulers
 It main purpose was to established and
attempts to sow the seeds of conflicts among
the two nations

13. PURPOSE OF FOUNDATION OF AIML & INC
The two main pupose of producing political
parties of in subcontenent was that at one
side
 British want political development in India
And the second one was that
 Indulging the electoral in dividing to prolong
their ruling in india

14. THE PARTITION OF BENGAL
 The partition schem was announced on 1st
september of 1905
 Bengal was one of the biggest province of
British India from population point of view
 The new province called eastern Bengal and
Assam
 The partition was cancelled in 1911 on behalf
INC

15.  The congress was not in the favor of partition
 According to their thinking it was the dividing
the Indian nation

16. THE CONGRESS- LEAGUE PACT OR LUCKNOW
PACT OF 1916
 In december 1916 INC and AIML for the first
time in the history of india, held their joint
session in Lucknow presided by Muhmmad
Ali Jinnah
 At that time Jinnah was the ambassador of
unity of both communities

17. IMPORTANT RECOMNDATION OF LUCKNOW
PACT
 Formulate the ways of election both in
provincial as well as in central legislative
 Reservation of seats in those provencies in
which muslims are in minorities
 And also election will b held on separate
basis
 Protection of minorities in majority provinces

18. MONTAGE-CHELMSFORD REFORMS 1919
 Bicameral ligeslative was established in the
centre, combination of upper house ( Council
of State) the Lower house (Central
legislative)
 The Uper house member was elected for 5
years and the lower house for 3 years
 Separate election was retained for the
Muslims

19. KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
 When the first world war broke out on July
28, in 1914 the Ottoman Empire fight against
the allies .
 Allies were consist of France Russia and
Britain
 Sultan Abdul Majid was the ruler at that time
of Khilafat
 The first world war ended with the allies
emerging as conqurer

20. KHILAFAT COMMITTEE
 Hakim Ajmal Khan and Dr. M.A Ansari
formed a khilafat conference in 1918 and
make commmitte for the maintannce of
peace in Muslim countries
 Ali Brothers were the main figure of that
committee

21. NON COOPERATION MOVEMENT
 IN December 1920 congress and khilafat
combindly start non cooperation movement
 Gandhi was the person behind the idea of
non cooperation movement
 While Quaid E Azam was not in the favor of
Non cooperation movement
 Quaid E Azam resign from Congress in 13
April 1923

22. HIJERAT MOVEMENT
 Mulana Abu al kalam and Maulana Abdul
Bari issued Fatwa that India was a Dar-ul-
Harb ( home of War)
 Nearly eigteen thousand muslims left their
houses and migrated to Afghanistan

23. CHAURI CHAURA TRAGEDY
 The people of chauri chura start procession
in 1922, and refused to pay govt taxes
 The protester fired at a police station and
burnt 21 police persons alive
 After this incident Gandhi call off non
cooperation movement

24. IMPACTS OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
 Gandhi’s unilateral decision of calling off non
cooperative movement did irreparable
damage to khilafat movement
 The failure of khilafat movment brought an
end to the muslim hindu unity which was the
result of great efforts of Quaid in lacknow
pact

25. SIMON COMMISSION
 In 1927 the British governament appointed a
commission under Sir John Simon to report
on the constitutional progress of India for
introducing more reforms
 Congress and a section of league headed by
Quaid was not in the favor to corporate with
the commission

26. NEHRU REPORT
 After the failure of Simon commission, Moti
Lal Nehru presented a scheme for the
constitutional reforms which was published in
August 1928 called as Nehru report

27. RECOMMENDATIONS OF NEHRU
 Self governing
 Separate elctorat replaced to joint electorat
 sindh shuld be separated from mumbi
 Foreign affairs, defense and army should be
place under the controlled of parliament and
viceroy
 Hindi should be made as an Official
Language

28. QUAID FOURTEEN POINTS
 In reply to Nehru repots Quaid decided to
give his own formula for the constitutional
reforms in the meeting of Muslim league in
1929

29. IMPORTENT FEATURES OF FOURTEEN POINTS
 Constitution should b federal and the
residuary powers vested in the provinces
 In the central legeslative muslimes
representation should not be less than one
third
 There should be one third representation of
muslims in both assemblies i.e in provincial
as well as in central cabinet

30. ROUND TABLE CONFERENCES
 The simon commission report was published in
March, 1930
 The report invited criticism from all parties of the
india and congress in its annual meeting
decided to launch a disobedience movement
under Gandhi leadership in april, 1930
 The govt however did not in the favor to
confront the political parties so decided to hold a
round table conference in which all parties are
invited to present their point of view

31. FIRST ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
 The first session of round table conference
began in London on 12th November,1930
 All parties form all over India were represented
except Congress
 Approval of the federal system for India
 Ended on 19th January, 1931
 The British prime minister issued a statement
that the govt had accepted the proposal for full
responsible govt in the provinces and in federal
system in the center

32. SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
 From 7th September 1931 to 1st December
1931 in London
 Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Gandhi were
the main personalities in this conference
 Minority issues are discussed in the 2nd
round conference
 Ended with out any conclusion due to Gandhi
rigid attitude towards minorities

33. THIRD ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE
 began on 17th November and ended on 24th
November 1932
 Gandhi started civil disobedience movement
once again and congress was not presented
in the conference
 Its ended without any solution of the two
communities

34. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935
 Round table conferences ended without any
solution to the problems of india but it
illustrated the major problems of the Indian
people and the government sought out the
solution of the problems on the name
Government of India act 1935

35. SILENT RECOMMENDATIONS OF ACT
 Fedral system was introduced in Act
 More authorities to the provinces
 India divided in 11 parts or provinces
 Responsible parliamentary system was
introduced
 Special power was given to the governor of
the province for the protection of the rights of
minorities

36. 1937 ELECTIONS AND CONGRESS MINISTRIES
 Under 1935 act provincial election were held.
There were 1771 provincial seats of the
provincial assemblies which were to be filled
by the election
 Congress ahieved a big victory and managed
to get clear majority in five provinces
 Congress took office in 8 provinces

37. CONGRESS ATROCITIES ON THE MUSLIMS
1. bande matram
2. Wardha scheme
3. Hoisting of the three coloured flag
4. Widdia mander scheme
5. Hindu Muslim riots
6. Muslim mass contact