The Nervous System
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what is the nervous system?- what do the nerves do?- types of nerves.- interesting facts about the nervous system.- questions to the students.
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The nervous system[1]
The nervous system controls all activities of the body through the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It allows the body to react to stimuli in the environment to maintain homeostasis. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls functions like thinking, memory, movement, and processing sensory information. It is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The spinal cord connects the brain to the rest of the nervous system. The nervous system uses nerve impulses and reflexes to carry messages through sensory, motor, and automatic nerves.
Respiratory system
The respiratory system controls breathing by bringing oxygen into the body through the nose and mouth. Air enters the nasal cavity, where it is warmed and filtered before reaching the pharynx and larynx. The larynx contains the vocal cords and epiglottis, which prevent food from entering the trachea. The trachea divides into bronchi that lead into the lungs, where oxygen diffuses into blood vessels in the alveoli and carbon dioxide diffuses out. Breathing is driven by contractions of the diaphragm during inhalation and its relaxation during exhalation.
Nervous system
The document describes the structure and function of neurons and the nervous system. It discusses the main parts of a neuron including dendrites, soma, nucleus, myelin sheath and axon. It also describes the three main types of neurons and explains how networks of neurons communicate via the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The document concludes by outlining how different drugs can disrupt signaling in the nervous system.
Nervous system
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes nerves. The brain is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum controls thought and movement. It is divided into four lobes with different functions. The cerebellum aids in movement coordination. The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord. The spinal cord runs through the vertebrae and gives rise to spinal nerves. Nerves transmit signals between the CNS and body.
Respiratory system
The respiratory system allows for the exchange of gases in the body. It includes the nose, mouth, throat, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm and alveoli. The lungs and alveoli work to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood. Common respiratory disorders include asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and pneumonia which can involve inflammation or infection of the lungs, bronchi or alveoli.
Physiology of the Nervous System
The brain and the spinal cord are the central nervous system, and they represent the main organs of the nervous system.
Nervous system
The document provides an overview of the nervous system including its main functions and components. It discusses the central nervous system (CNS) which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) which includes nerves that connect the CNS to other parts of the body. It describes the autonomic nervous system (ANS) which controls involuntary body functions. Key parts of the CNS like the brain lobes and ventricles are defined. The roles of neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters in nerve signal transmission are summarized. Common nervous system disorders are also listed.
10 muscular tissue
Muscular tissue is composed of muscle fibers that contract in response to electrical signals. There are three types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and attached to bones. It contracts through a sliding filament mechanism where actin and myosin interact powered by ATP hydrolysis. At the neuromuscular junction, a nerve impulse triggers the release of acetylcholine which binds receptors and generates a muscle action potential, causing contraction.
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The nervous system[1]
The nervous system controls all activities of the body through the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It allows the body to react to stimuli in the environment to maintain homeostasis. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls functions like thinking, memory, movement, and processing sensory information. It is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The spinal cord connects the brain to the rest of the nervous system. The nervous system uses nerve impulses and reflexes to carry messages through sensory, motor, and automatic nerves.
Respiratory system
The respiratory system controls breathing by bringing oxygen into the body through the nose and mouth. Air enters the nasal cavity, where it is warmed and filtered before reaching the pharynx and larynx. The larynx contains the vocal cords and epiglottis, which prevent food from entering the trachea. The trachea divides into bronchi that lead into the lungs, where oxygen diffuses into blood vessels in the alveoli and carbon dioxide diffuses out. Breathing is driven by contractions of the diaphragm during inhalation and its relaxation during exhalation.
Nervous system
The document describes the structure and function of neurons and the nervous system. It discusses the main parts of a neuron including dendrites, soma, nucleus, myelin sheath and axon. It also describes the three main types of neurons and explains how networks of neurons communicate via the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The document concludes by outlining how different drugs can disrupt signaling in the nervous system.
Nervous system
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes nerves. The brain is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum controls thought and movement. It is divided into four lobes with different functions. The cerebellum aids in movement coordination. The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord. The spinal cord runs through the vertebrae and gives rise to spinal nerves. Nerves transmit signals between the CNS and body.
Respiratory system
The respiratory system allows for the exchange of gases in the body. It includes the nose, mouth, throat, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm and alveoli. The lungs and alveoli work to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood. Common respiratory disorders include asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and pneumonia which can involve inflammation or infection of the lungs, bronchi or alveoli.
Physiology of the Nervous System
The brain and the spinal cord are the central nervous system, and they represent the main organs of the nervous system.
Nervous system
The document provides an overview of the nervous system including its main functions and components. It discusses the central nervous system (CNS) which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) which includes nerves that connect the CNS to other parts of the body. It describes the autonomic nervous system (ANS) which controls involuntary body functions. Key parts of the CNS like the brain lobes and ventricles are defined. The roles of neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters in nerve signal transmission are summarized. Common nervous system disorders are also listed.
10 muscular tissue
Muscular tissue is composed of muscle fibers that contract in response to electrical signals. There are three types of muscle tissue - skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and attached to bones. It contracts through a sliding filament mechanism where actin and myosin interact powered by ATP hydrolysis. At the neuromuscular junction, a nerve impulse triggers the release of acetylcholine which binds receptors and generates a muscle action potential, causing contraction.
Unit 11 nervous system
The document discusses the nervous system, including its main components and functions. It is divided into two main parts:
1. The central nervous system (CNS) consisting of the brain and spinal cord. The brain's main parts are the cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum, and ventricles.
2. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consisting of 31 pairs of spinal nerves, 12 pairs of cranial nerves, and the autonomic nervous system including the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
The nervous system functions to communicate sensory information to the CNS, integrate and interpret stimuli, and respond through motor outputs. It uses neurons, synapses, neurotransmitters, and neuro
Excretory system
The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.
Nervous System
The document discusses the structure and functions of the nervous system. It is divided into the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which connects to the rest of the body. The central nervous system works with the peripheral nervous system to control the body's sensory, motor, and interpretative functions through neurons and nerves. The brain is also described in more detail, outlining the main regions and their roles in functions like thought, movement, homeostasis, and connecting the brain to the spinal cord. Students will participate in an activity to trace sensory and motor neurons and write a short essay on living without the nervous system.
Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - The nervous system
website: http://am-medicine.com
Youtube Channel : https://www.youtube.com/user/ammedicine
Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/am.medicine
Nervous System Presentation
The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord. The PNS includes nerves connecting the CNS to other parts of the body. The PNS is further divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary body functions and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The brain contains several parts that each have specific functions like processing sensory information, motor control, and regulating homeostasis. Neurons transmit signals as electrical impulses through a process involving ion exchanges across the cell membrane.
Muscle Tissue
Muscle tissue has four main characteristics - excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity - that allow it to perform important functions like movement, posture, and temperature regulation. There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, which is voluntarily controlled and enables movement; smooth muscle, which controls involuntary functions like digestion; and cardiac muscle, which pumps blood through the heart and circulatory system. Each muscle type has distinct cellular features related to their roles and methods of electrical and chemical stimulation to cause contraction.
Unit iv, chapter-2- special senses
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I,
Special senses:
Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and their disorders.
Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system consists of two main systems - the skeletal system and the muscular system. The three types of muscles are smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscles. Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles that produce movement and are attached to bones via tendons. Bones provide structure, protect organs, allow movement, produce blood cells, and store minerals. The skeletal system works with skeletal muscles to provide functions like protection, support, movement, and mineral storage.
Nervous system
This document discusses the nervous system, which connects all parts of the body and transmits signals. It has two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, and serves as the main processing center. The PNS connects the CNS to organs and limbs, and has two divisions - the somatic nervous system for voluntary movement, and autonomic nervous system for involuntary functions like breathing.
Neuron & neuron Type
A neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system that conducts electrochemical impulses called nerve impulses or action potentials. As a specialized cell, the neuron is able to transmit signals between the brain and different parts of the body, making it the longest cell in the human body.
Lymphatic system: Anatomy and Physiology
The lymphatic system is part of the immune system. It also maintains fluid balance and plays a role in absorbing fats and fat-soluble nutrients.
The lymphatic or lymph system involves an extensive network of vessels that passes through almost all our tissues to allow for the movement of a fluid called lymph. Lymph circulates through the body in a similar way to blood.
There are about 600 lymph nodes in the body. These nodes swell in response to infection, due to a build-up of lymph fluid, bacteria, or other organisms and immune system cells.
A person with a throat infection, for example, may feel that their "glands" are swollen. Swollen glands can be felt especially under the jaw, in the armpits, or in the groin area. These are, in fact, not glands but lymph nodes.
Nerves system(CNS, PNS)
“The right half of the brain controls the left half of the body. This means that only left handed people are in their right mind.”
Made up of brain and spinal cordActs as body’s control center, coordinates body’s activitiesImpulses travel through the neurons in your body to reach the brainCentral Nervous System is yellow in this diagram.
Made up of all the nerves that carry messages to and from the central nervous system.Similar to telephone wires that connect all of our houses in the communityCentral Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System work together to make rapid changes in your body in response to stimuli.Peripheral Nervous System is green in this diagram.
Somatic Nervous SystemRelay information between skin, skeletal muscles and central nervous systemYou consciously control this pathway by deciding whether or not to move muscles (except reflexes)Reflexes: Automatic response to stimulusAutonomic Nervous SystemRelay information from central nervous system to organsInvoluntary: You do not consciously control theseSympathetic Nervous System: controls in times of stress, such as the flight or fight responseParasympathetic Nervous System: controls body in times of rest
Nerves
Nerves are bundles of neuronal processes that transmit messages between the central nervous system (CNS) and the body. There are three main types of nerves: motor nerves contain only motor neuron axons and transmit messages from the CNS to the periphery; sensory nerves contain only sensory neuron axons and dendrites and transmit messages from the periphery to the CNS; and mixed nerves contain both motor and sensory neuron axons allowing bidirectional message transmission. Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord, consisting of 31 pairs, and cranial nerves allow communication between the brain and body through 12 pairs.
Nervous System
Here are the steps for the reaction time lab activity:
1. The stimulus is the dropping of the meter stick.
2. The response is catching the meter stick.
3. The variable being measured is reaction time, as determined by the distance the meter stick falls before being caught.
4. The right and left hand reaction times may differ due to handedness - most people tend to be faster with their dominant hand due to more practice with fine motor skills.
5. Record the data from each trial in a table and calculate the average distance for each hand to determine which hand has the faster overall reaction time.
Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions!
Human nervous system
The human nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The nervous system contains neurons that transmit electrochemical signals throughout the body to control and regulate functions. There are three main types of neurons - unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar - which receive and transmit signals through dendrites, axons, and synapses using neurotransmitters. The central nervous system consists of the brain, which is divided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body and controls both voluntary and involuntary functions through the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Central nervous system
The document discusses the nervous system, including:
- It is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) connecting to the CNS.
- The CNS contains over 1 trillion neurons and quadrillions of connections, and is responsible for functions like perception, movement, and cognition.
- The brain is the control center and is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem, each with distinct functions like learning, coordination, and regulating vital functions.
- The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and body and coordinates reflexes through ascending and descending tracts.
Circulatory system
The circulatory system uses the heart to pump blood through vessels around the body. It has two circuits - pulmonary circulation between the heart and lungs, and systemic circulation between the heart and body. The heart has four chambers that pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood around the body in a continuous cycle. Blood vessels include arteries carrying blood away from the heart, veins returning it, and capillaries where exchange occurs. The circulatory system transports blood cells, platelets, plasma, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide and waste products.
Sense organs ear
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It describes the three main parts of the ear - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves. The middle ear contains three small bones that transmit vibrations through the inner ear. The inner ear contains fluid-filled structures, including the cochlea, that transduce vibrations into nerve signals for hearing and balance. The document also briefly discusses common ear disorders like infections and deafness.
Blood vessels
Blood is carried through the body via blood vessels. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, where it branches into ever-smaller vessels.
Lymphatic System Notes
The lymphatic system functions to:
1) Transport clean fluids back to the blood from tissues;
2) Drain excess fluids from tissues; and
3) Remove debris from cells of the body.
Lymph is transported through lymphatic vessels in a passive, one-way system toward the heart, where it is returned to circulation. Along the way, lymph passes through lymph nodes which filter the lymph and provide an immune response. Other lymphoid organs like the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and Peyer's patches also contribute to lymphatic function and immune defense.
Nerve cell |Science 10 | Third Quarter.pptx
The basic unit of communication in the nervous system is the nerve cell (neuron). Each nerve cell consists of the cell body, which includes the nucleus, a major branching fiber (axon) and numerous smaller branching fibers (dendrites).
Science 10 Third Quarter Lesson about Nerve Cell
Rubys power point
The nervous system is the body's control and communication system. It is made up of the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system processes information and sends signals through nerves to different parts of the body and back. It controls vital functions and processes thoughts, emotions, and memories. The peripheral nervous system branches out from the central nervous system through cranial and spinal nerves to the rest of the body. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary body processes like breathing and digestion through the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
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Unit 11 nervous system
The document discusses the nervous system, including its main components and functions. It is divided into two main parts:
1. The central nervous system (CNS) consisting of the brain and spinal cord. The brain's main parts are the cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum, and ventricles.
2. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consisting of 31 pairs of spinal nerves, 12 pairs of cranial nerves, and the autonomic nervous system including the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
The nervous system functions to communicate sensory information to the CNS, integrate and interpret stimuli, and respond through motor outputs. It uses neurons, synapses, neurotransmitters, and neuro
Excretory system
The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.
Nervous System
The document discusses the structure and functions of the nervous system. It is divided into the central nervous system, which consists of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which connects to the rest of the body. The central nervous system works with the peripheral nervous system to control the body's sensory, motor, and interpretative functions through neurons and nerves. The brain is also described in more detail, outlining the main regions and their roles in functions like thought, movement, homeostasis, and connecting the brain to the spinal cord. Students will participate in an activity to trace sensory and motor neurons and write a short essay on living without the nervous system.
Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - The nervous system
website: http://am-medicine.com
Youtube Channel : https://www.youtube.com/user/ammedicine
Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/am.medicine
Nervous System Presentation
The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord. The PNS includes nerves connecting the CNS to other parts of the body. The PNS is further divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary body functions and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The brain contains several parts that each have specific functions like processing sensory information, motor control, and regulating homeostasis. Neurons transmit signals as electrical impulses through a process involving ion exchanges across the cell membrane.
Muscle Tissue
Muscle tissue has four main characteristics - excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity - that allow it to perform important functions like movement, posture, and temperature regulation. There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, which is voluntarily controlled and enables movement; smooth muscle, which controls involuntary functions like digestion; and cardiac muscle, which pumps blood through the heart and circulatory system. Each muscle type has distinct cellular features related to their roles and methods of electrical and chemical stimulation to cause contraction.
Unit iv, chapter-2- special senses
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I,
Special senses:
Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and their disorders.
Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system consists of two main systems - the skeletal system and the muscular system. The three types of muscles are smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscles. Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles that produce movement and are attached to bones via tendons. Bones provide structure, protect organs, allow movement, produce blood cells, and store minerals. The skeletal system works with skeletal muscles to provide functions like protection, support, movement, and mineral storage.
Nervous system
This document discusses the nervous system, which connects all parts of the body and transmits signals. It has two major divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, and serves as the main processing center. The PNS connects the CNS to organs and limbs, and has two divisions - the somatic nervous system for voluntary movement, and autonomic nervous system for involuntary functions like breathing.
Neuron & neuron Type
A neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system that conducts electrochemical impulses called nerve impulses or action potentials. As a specialized cell, the neuron is able to transmit signals between the brain and different parts of the body, making it the longest cell in the human body.
Lymphatic system: Anatomy and Physiology
The lymphatic system is part of the immune system. It also maintains fluid balance and plays a role in absorbing fats and fat-soluble nutrients.
The lymphatic or lymph system involves an extensive network of vessels that passes through almost all our tissues to allow for the movement of a fluid called lymph. Lymph circulates through the body in a similar way to blood.
There are about 600 lymph nodes in the body. These nodes swell in response to infection, due to a build-up of lymph fluid, bacteria, or other organisms and immune system cells.
A person with a throat infection, for example, may feel that their "glands" are swollen. Swollen glands can be felt especially under the jaw, in the armpits, or in the groin area. These are, in fact, not glands but lymph nodes.
Nerves system(CNS, PNS)
“The right half of the brain controls the left half of the body. This means that only left handed people are in their right mind.”
Made up of brain and spinal cordActs as body’s control center, coordinates body’s activitiesImpulses travel through the neurons in your body to reach the brainCentral Nervous System is yellow in this diagram.
Made up of all the nerves that carry messages to and from the central nervous system.Similar to telephone wires that connect all of our houses in the communityCentral Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System work together to make rapid changes in your body in response to stimuli.Peripheral Nervous System is green in this diagram.
Somatic Nervous SystemRelay information between skin, skeletal muscles and central nervous systemYou consciously control this pathway by deciding whether or not to move muscles (except reflexes)Reflexes: Automatic response to stimulusAutonomic Nervous SystemRelay information from central nervous system to organsInvoluntary: You do not consciously control theseSympathetic Nervous System: controls in times of stress, such as the flight or fight responseParasympathetic Nervous System: controls body in times of rest
Nerves
Nerves are bundles of neuronal processes that transmit messages between the central nervous system (CNS) and the body. There are three main types of nerves: motor nerves contain only motor neuron axons and transmit messages from the CNS to the periphery; sensory nerves contain only sensory neuron axons and dendrites and transmit messages from the periphery to the CNS; and mixed nerves contain both motor and sensory neuron axons allowing bidirectional message transmission. Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord, consisting of 31 pairs, and cranial nerves allow communication between the brain and body through 12 pairs.
Nervous System
Here are the steps for the reaction time lab activity:
1. The stimulus is the dropping of the meter stick.
2. The response is catching the meter stick.
3. The variable being measured is reaction time, as determined by the distance the meter stick falls before being caught.
4. The right and left hand reaction times may differ due to handedness - most people tend to be faster with their dominant hand due to more practice with fine motor skills.
5. Record the data from each trial in a table and calculate the average distance for each hand to determine which hand has the faster overall reaction time.
Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions!
Human nervous system
The human nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system. The nervous system contains neurons that transmit electrochemical signals throughout the body to control and regulate functions. There are three main types of neurons - unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar - which receive and transmit signals through dendrites, axons, and synapses using neurotransmitters. The central nervous system consists of the brain, which is divided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body and controls both voluntary and involuntary functions through the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
Central nervous system
The document discusses the nervous system, including:
- It is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) connecting to the CNS.
- The CNS contains over 1 trillion neurons and quadrillions of connections, and is responsible for functions like perception, movement, and cognition.
- The brain is the control center and is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem, each with distinct functions like learning, coordination, and regulating vital functions.
- The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and body and coordinates reflexes through ascending and descending tracts.
Circulatory system
The circulatory system uses the heart to pump blood through vessels around the body. It has two circuits - pulmonary circulation between the heart and lungs, and systemic circulation between the heart and body. The heart has four chambers that pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood around the body in a continuous cycle. Blood vessels include arteries carrying blood away from the heart, veins returning it, and capillaries where exchange occurs. The circulatory system transports blood cells, platelets, plasma, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide and waste products.
Sense organs ear
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the human ear. It describes the three main parts of the ear - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sound waves. The middle ear contains three small bones that transmit vibrations through the inner ear. The inner ear contains fluid-filled structures, including the cochlea, that transduce vibrations into nerve signals for hearing and balance. The document also briefly discusses common ear disorders like infections and deafness.
Blood vessels
Blood is carried through the body via blood vessels. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart, where it branches into ever-smaller vessels.
Lymphatic System Notes
The lymphatic system functions to:
1) Transport clean fluids back to the blood from tissues;
2) Drain excess fluids from tissues; and
3) Remove debris from cells of the body.
Lymph is transported through lymphatic vessels in a passive, one-way system toward the heart, where it is returned to circulation. Along the way, lymph passes through lymph nodes which filter the lymph and provide an immune response. Other lymphoid organs like the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and Peyer's patches also contribute to lymphatic function and immune defense.
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Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - The nervous system
Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - The nervous system
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Nervous tissue is a specialized tissue that makes up the nervous system and allows us to process sensory input and respond. It consists of neurons and supporting glial cells. Neurons have dendrites that receive signals, a cell body that acts as the processing center, and an axon that transmits signals. The axon is surrounded by a myelin sheath that facilitates rapid signal transmission between neurons. When a stimulus is detected, such as a stubbed toe, sensory neurons transmit signals through the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system where they are processed in the brain or spinal cord.
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The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) containing the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS receives sensory data from the PNS and controls the body, while the PNS is a network of nerves throughout the body. Neurons are the basic functional units and come in sensory, motor, and interneuron types. The brain is divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brainstem. The spinal cord connects the brain to the rest of the body. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions and is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
THE-NERVOUS-SYSTEM.pdf
The document discusses the nervous system, which is made up of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system receives sensory information and controls responses through the brain and spinal cord. It is divided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body through nerves and is divided into the somatic and autonomic systems. Common nervous system diseases include Alzheimer's disease, which causes memory loss and cognitive decline, and epilepsy, which involves seizures.
Spinal cord
The spinal cord is a long cylinder of nerves that runs from the brain through the backbone and is part of the central nervous system. It is divided into segments with nerve roots that carry messages between the brain and body. The spinal cord allows for electrical communication, controls walking through central pattern generators, and facilitates reflexes. It is protected by vertebrae and cushioned by cerebrospinal fluid. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord to innervate different parts of the body.
Neuron
There are three main types of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. Sensory neurons receive signals from senses like touch and sight. Motor neurons communicate signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs to coordinate movement. Interneurons pass signals between sensory neurons, other interneurons, and motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. All neurons have the basic functions of receiving signals, integrating the signals, and communicating signals to other cells. Neurons carry out these functions through their specialized anatomy, which includes dendrites to receive signals and axons to transmit them.
Nervous system
The nervous system is made up of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. The brain is divided into four main parts - the brain stem, cerebrum, cerebellum, and diencephalon. The PNS contains the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. The somatic system connects to skeletal muscles and senses. The autonomic system regulates involuntary functions and contains the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric divisions. Neurons are the basic functional units and transmit electrochemical signals between parts of the body and CNS.
Nervous system
The nervous system coordinates the body's actions and transmits signals between parts. It controls voluntary and involuntary activities to help the body adjust. The nervous system includes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. The peripheral system includes the somatic system for voluntary movement and the autonomic system for involuntary functions like breathing and digestion. Within the autonomic system are the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric systems that regulate internal organs. Neurons are the basic functional units that transmit electrochemical signals through the nervous system.
179-Anatomy-Nervous-System.ppt
The document summarizes the structure and function of the human nervous system. It describes that the nervous system consists of the central nervous system containing the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which branches throughout the body. It provides details on the main parts of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brainstem. It also describes the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system, including the 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves. Finally, it summarizes the autonomic nervous system which controls involuntary functions through the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Nervous System
The nervous system is the body's communication network that collects information and directs responses. It has two main parts - the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system of nerves extending throughout the body. Neurons are the basic cells of the nervous system that transmit electrochemical signals called impulses to coordinate bodily functions and reactions.
Neurons & hormonal systems
Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system that transmit electrical and chemical signals. When an electrical signal reaches the end of an axon, it causes neurotransmitters to be released into synapses, which then stimulate or inhibit neighboring neurons. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system, containing the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, containing nerves that connect to muscles and organs. The endocrine system communicates through hormones released by glands into the bloodstream to influence distant tissues like the brain.
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The Nervous System
- 3. The nervous system is an internal communication system that sends short electrical impulses. Its main component is the nerves.
- 4. Nerves carry information and instructions to and from the brain. The way a nerve works is through a chain of nerve cells that carries a signal (as an electrical impulse) to or from the brain and it is received by the nerve endings of other nerve cells. There are three types of nerves: sensory nerves, motor nerves and mixed nerves.
- 5. Theybring information from the eyes, ears and other sense organs to the brain. Motor nerves are the nerves responsible for all voluntary skeletal and somatic movement. Thesenerves contain both motor and sensory fibers.
- 6. The longest nerve we have is the tibial nerve. It is 50 cm in adults. We have thousands of nerves distributed among all our body. “pins and needles” The slowest nerves travel at about 1 mps, and the fastest ones travel at 100 mps. Reflex action.
- 7. Howis the information transmitted to the body? Which are the three types of nerves? What causes „pins and needles‟? What is the axon‟s role? How do you make your body move?