1) The Earth rotates on its axis daily, causing the apparent motion of the sun, moon, and stars across the sky from east to west.
2) The Earth also revolves around the sun yearly, leading to seasons and variations in the sun's path.
3) Additionally, the Earth's axis undergoes a slow wobble called precession and a nodding motion called nutation, along with variations in its rotation.
YEAR 9 GEOGRAPHY - ASTRONOMY: SUN, PLANETS AND GALAXYGeorge Dumitrache
An original and comprehensive Powerpoint presentation about the science of Astronomy: the Sun, the planets and our galaxy. It is suitable for Year 9 and 10, pre Cambridge curricula.
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
Developed by Maria Jesús Campos, Social Studies, Geography and History teacher in a bilingual section in Madrid (Spain)
YEAR 9 GEOGRAPHY - ASTRONOMY: SUN, PLANETS AND GALAXYGeorge Dumitrache
An original and comprehensive Powerpoint presentation about the science of Astronomy: the Sun, the planets and our galaxy. It is suitable for Year 9 and 10, pre Cambridge curricula.
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com
learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com
Developed by Maria Jesús Campos, Social Studies, Geography and History teacher in a bilingual section in Madrid (Spain)
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. r
R = rotation
r = revolution
P = precession
N = nutation
Earth Motion
3. •The spin of the Earth on its axis. It takes one day for the
Earth to complete one rotation. The daily motion of the
Earth is called diurnal motion
•The apparent westward motion of the Sun, Moon, and
stars across our sky each day is caused by Earth’s
rotation
•We generalize this motion to make statements such as,
“The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
•The same is true for the Moon, planets and the stars.
Earth Rotation
4. •At middle latitudes, we see the Sun, Moon, and many of
the stars first come into view moving upward, rising at
some point along the eastern horizon. Then, they appear
to arc across the sky, gaining greatest altitude at the local
meridian. Finally, they disappear somewhere along the
western horizon.
•Each day we see the Sun’s path across our sky, it is a
snapshot of a series of 365 separate paths that occur
throughout the year.
•Each daily “snapshot” of the Sun is just one position of
the Sun along the ecliptic plane (as seen from the Earth).
Earth Rotation
5. The Sun rises at different points along the horizon at
different times of the year and also peaks at different
heights.
Earth Rotation
6. Different parts of the world experience different times
of day as the Earth rotates..
Earth Rotation
7. Variations in the Earth rotation
•Earth averages one rotation every 24 hours, which
means that some days are slightly longer or shorter
than the average.
•Earth’s rotational speed throughout geologic time has
slowed due to it’s gravitational (tidal) interaction with
the Moon.
8. Ecliptic
If the sun's path is observed
from the Earth's reference
frame, it appears to move
around the Earth in a path
which is tilted with respect
to the spin axis at 23.5°.
This path is called the
ecliptic. It tells us that the
Earth's spin axis is tilted
with respect to the plane of
the Earth's solar orbit by
23.5°.
9. Vernal equinox
The points where the ecliptic
crosses the equatorial plane
of the celestial sphere are
called equinoxes. On those
dates there are 12 hours each
of daylight and dark. The
most northern excursion of
the sun is called the summer
solstice and will have the
longest amount of daylight.
The winter solstice opposite
it is the shortest period of
daylight.
10. The point of the Sun’s path
farthest north on the celestial
sphere is called the summer
solstice (JUN 21), while the
point of the ecliptic farthest
south is called the winter
solstice (DEC 21).
The two points on the ecliptic
where the Sun crosses the
celestial equator are called
equinoxes. During the vernal
equinox (MAR 21), the Sun is
moving north, while during
the autumnal equinox (SEPT
21), the Sun is moving south.
Vernal equinox
11. Earth Revolution
•The movement of the Earth in orbit around the sun. It
takes one year for the Earth to complete one revolution.
•Zodiac constellations appear to shift along the ecliptic
slightly less than 1 degree per day. Eventually,
constellations visible at night become invisible during
the day.
•The altitude of the Sun in the sky at local meridian
changes daily. This alters the Sun’s path across the sky
12. Earth revolution
•The Earth’s orbital speed varies because its orbital
path is not a perfect circle; it is elliptical.
•The Earth orbits fastest when it is furthest away from
the Sun and slowest when it is closest .
13. The Earth also revolves around the Sun, which changes our view
of the stars.
Earth Revolution
14. Seasons are caused because the Earth’s axis is tilted and as the Earth
revolves around the Sun, different parts of the Earth receive more
direct sunlight (summer), while other parts of the Earth receive
sunlight which is more spread out (winter).
Earth Revolution
16. The hemisphere tilted toward the Sun receives sunlight
at higher angles than the hemisphere tilted away from
the Sun.
Higher insolation angle means greater intensity of
radiant energy (the sun shines more directly on a
smaller area).
Earth Revolution
18. Earth Precession
Precession is a change in the orientation of the rotational axis of
a rotating body. Earth goes through one such complete precessional
cycle in a period of approximately 26,000 years or 1° every 72 years.
Gravitational forces of the
Sun and the Moon pulling
on the Earth as it rotates
causes the Earth to
undergo a top-like motion
create precession
36. Laws of Planetary Motion
• Law 1 - Law of Ellipses
• Law 2 - Law of Equal Areas
• Law 3 - Harmonic Law (P2
=ka3
)
Kepler’s laws provide a concise and simple
description of the motions of the planets
Kepler’s Law
37. Kepler's Laws:
Kepler's Second Law: Line joining
planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in
equal times
Kepler's First Law:
Each planet’s orbit around the Sun is an
ellipse, with the Sun at one focus.
Kepler's Third Law: The squares of the
periods of the planets are proportional to the cubes
of their semi-major axes:
38.
39. Extending Kepler’s Law
Newton found that
ellipses were not the only
orbital paths.
possible orbital paths
• ellipse (bound)
• parabola (unbound)
• hyperbola (unbound)