This document provides an overview of the key topics and objectives covered in Chapter 2 of Discovering Computers. It discusses the history and development of the Internet, types of Internet connections, web browsers, searching the web, different types of websites, multimedia on websites, online publishing, e-commerce, email and other Internet services. The objectives are to understand how people and businesses connect to the Internet, how the web works, how to find information online, the structure and purpose of different websites, and common applications used on the Internet.
This talk introduces the concepts of web 3.0 technology and how they relate to related technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Grid Computing and the Semantic Web:
• A short history of web technologies:
o Web 1.0: Publishing static information with links for human consumption.
o Web 2.0: Publishing dynamic information created by users, for human consumption.
o Web 3.0: Publishing all kinds of information with links between data items, for machine consumption.
• Standardization of protocols for description of any type of data (RDF, N3, Turtle).
• Standardization of protocols for the consumption of data in “the grid” (SPARQL).
• Standardization of protocols for rules (RIF).
• Comparison with the evolution of technologies related to data bases.
• Comparison of IoT solutions based on web 2.0 and web 3.0 technologies.
• Distributed solutions vs centralized solutions..
• Security
• Extensions of Peer-to-peer protocols (XMPP).
• Advantages of solutions based on web 3.0 and standards (IETF, XSF).
Duration of talk: 1-2 hours with questions.
internet , how to connect with internet, world wide web ,different types of websites, what is E-Commerce , how many browser , internet advantage and dis advantage , social networking
Introduction to internet and intranets
Internet and world wide web
Overview of electronic mail
Introduction to intranets
Introduction to E-commerce and E-business
Introduction to web design
Overview of web technologies
This talk introduces the concepts of web 3.0 technology and how they relate to related technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Grid Computing and the Semantic Web:
• A short history of web technologies:
o Web 1.0: Publishing static information with links for human consumption.
o Web 2.0: Publishing dynamic information created by users, for human consumption.
o Web 3.0: Publishing all kinds of information with links between data items, for machine consumption.
• Standardization of protocols for description of any type of data (RDF, N3, Turtle).
• Standardization of protocols for the consumption of data in “the grid” (SPARQL).
• Standardization of protocols for rules (RIF).
• Comparison with the evolution of technologies related to data bases.
• Comparison of IoT solutions based on web 2.0 and web 3.0 technologies.
• Distributed solutions vs centralized solutions..
• Security
• Extensions of Peer-to-peer protocols (XMPP).
• Advantages of solutions based on web 3.0 and standards (IETF, XSF).
Duration of talk: 1-2 hours with questions.
internet , how to connect with internet, world wide web ,different types of websites, what is E-Commerce , how many browser , internet advantage and dis advantage , social networking
Introduction to internet and intranets
Internet and world wide web
Overview of electronic mail
Introduction to intranets
Introduction to E-commerce and E-business
Introduction to web design
Overview of web technologies
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYCHAPTER 2 C.docxnormanibarber20063
INTRODUCTION
TO INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER 2: Connecting and
Communicating Online
RECALLING
PREVIOUS CLASS
2
3
What is the definition of Computer?
Computer is an Electronic device designed to:
Accepts Data
(Characters,
pictures sounds,
etc.)
INPUT
Processes
Data into
Information
Display the
results of
these Process
OUTPUT
Store the results
(Information)
for future use.
Data
Data is raw,
unorganized facts
that need to be
processed. Data can
be useless until it is
organized
Information
When data is
processed,
organized, and
structured to make it
useful, it is called
Information
Are Data and Information synonyms?
NO
What is the Information Processing Cycle?
Input
Process
OutputStorage
Communi
cation
What are hardware and software?
6
Hardware: Electronic and
mechanical equipment
Software: Instructions
that tell hardware how to
perform tasks
is any
hardware
component
that allows you
to enter data,
programs,
commands,
and user
responses into
a computer
What is an input device?
What is an output device?
Output device is any
hardware that
makes the
information
available for use
What is the System Unit?
What is a Computer Network?
• A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together,
often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media
– Local area network
– Wide area network
10
In your opinion, what is the main reason
that people purchase computers and
mobile devices?
The INTERNET Access
Why
?
Because:
Through the Internet, people has access from all around
the world.
1. Instantaneously, you can find local and national news,
weather reports, sports scores, stock prices, your medical
records, your credit report, educational materials.
2. At your fingertips, you can send messages to others, meet
new friends, shop, take a course, play a game, listen
music and watch a movie.
3. The magnificence of the internet is you can access it from
a computer anywhere: at work, at home, at school, at the
beach, in a restaurant and even on an airplane.
Some of uses of the INTERNET are:
1. Access a news, and research material.
2. Communicate with others around the world.
3. Bank and invest.
4. Shop for goods and services.
5. Download and listen music or download and watch videos,
movies, etc.
6. Take courses or access other educational material
7. Access sources of entertainment such as online games,
magazines, vacation planning guides.
8. Access others computers and files.
9. Share and edit documents with others in real time.
10.Provide information, photographs, audio clips, or videos clips.
• The Internet is a
worldwide
collection of
networks that
links millions of
businesses,
government
agencies,
educational
institutions, and
individuals
What INTERNET Is?
Objectives
Discuss the evolution of the Internet
Identify various broadband Internet connections
Describe the ty.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. Objectives Overview
Identify and briefly
describe various
broadband Internet
connections
Describe the types of
Internet access
providers
Explain the purpose of
a Web browser and
identify the
components of a Web
address
Describe how to use a
search engine to search
for information on the
Web
Describe the types of
Web sites
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
2See Page 43
for Detailed Objectives
3. Objectives Overview
Recognize how Web
pages use graphics,
animation, audio, video,
virtual reality, and plug-
ins
Identify the steps
required for Web
publishing
Explain how e-mail,
mailing lists, instant
messaging, chat rooms,
VoIP, FTP, and newsgroups
and message boards work
Identify the rules of
netiquette
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
3See Page 43
for Detailed Objectives
4. The Internet
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks
that links millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
4Page 44
Figure 2-1
5. The Internet
• The Internet originated as ARPANET (Advanced Research
Project Agency) in September 1969 and had two main
goals:
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
5Page 44
Allow scientists at
different physical
locations to share
information and work
together
Function even if part of
the network were
disabled or destroyed
by a disaster
6. The Internet
1969
ARPANET
becomes
functional
1984
ARPANET has
more than
1,000
individual
computers
linked as
hosts
1986 NSF
connects
NSFnet to
ARPANET and
becomes
known as the
Internet
1995 NSFNet
terminates
its network
on the
Internet and
resumes
status as
research
network
1996
Internet2 is
founded
Today More
than 550
million hosts
connect to
the Internet
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
6Page 44
7. The Internet
• Many home and small business users connect to
the Internet via high-speed broadband Internet
service
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
7Pages 45 - 46
Cable
Internet
service
DSL
Fiber to
the
Premises
(FTTP)
Fixed
wireless
Wi-Fi
Cellular
Radio
Network
Satellite
Internet
Service
8. The Internet
An access provider is a business
that provides individuals and
organizations access to the
Internet free or for a fee
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
8Page 46
9. The Internet
ISP (Internet
service provider)
Regional ISPs
provide Internet
access to a specific
geographical area
National ISPs
provide Internet
access in cities and
towns nationwide
Online service
provider (OSP)
Has many members-
only features
Popular OSPs include
AOL (America
Online) and MSN
(Microsoft Network)
Wireless Internet
service provider
(WISP)
Provides wireless
Internet access to
computers and
mobile devices
May require a
wireless modem
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
9Page 46
10. How Data travels on Internet
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
10Page 47
Figure 2-2
11. The Internet Adresses
• An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each
computer or device connected to the Internet
• A domain name is the text version of an IP address
– Top-level domain (TLD)
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
11Page 48
Figure 2-3
12. The Internet
Some generic Top Level Domain Examples are:
• .com (Commercial organizations)
• .edu (Education)
• .org (Non-Profit organizations)
• .biz (business of any size)
• .net (network provider/commercial companies)
• .gov (Governament)
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
12Page 48
Figure 2-4
13. Domain Name System
• It is method that the internet uses to store
domain names and their corresponding IP
Addresses.
• DNS translate a domain name into IP Address so
that data can travel to accurate place
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 2
13
14. The World Wide Web
• The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a
worldwide collection of electronic documents
(Web pages)
• A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
and associated items
• A Web server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer
• Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means
for users to interact
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
14Page 49
15. The World Wide Web
• A Web browser, or browser, allows users to
access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
15Page 49
Internet
Explorer
Firefox Opera
Safari
Google
Chrome
16. The World Wide Web
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
16Page 50
Figure 2-5
17. The World Wide Web
• A home page is the first page that a Web site
displays
• Web pages provide links to other related Web
pages
– Surfing the Web
• Downloading is the process of receiving
information
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
17Pages 50 – 52
18. The World Wide Web
• A Web page has a unique address called a URL or
Web address
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
18Page 51
Figure 2-6
19. The World Wide Web
• Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple
Web pages in a single Web browser window
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
19Page 52
Figure 2-7
20. The World Wide Web
• Two types of search tools are search engines and
subject directories
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
20Page 53
Search
engine
Finds information
related to a
specific topic
Subject
directory
Classifies Web
pages in an
organized set of
categories
21. The World Wide Web
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
21Page 53
Figure 2-8
22. The World Wide Web
• A search engine is helpful in locating items such
as:
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
22Page 53
Images Videos Audio News
Maps
People or
Businesses
Blogs
23. The World Wide Web
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
23Page 54
Figure 2-9
24. The World Wide Web
• There are thirteen types of Web sites
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
24Pages 55 - 57
Figure 2-11
Portal News Informational Business/Marketing
Blog Wiki Online Social
Network
Educational
25. The World Wide Web
Entertainment Advocacy Web
Application
Content
Aggregator
Personal
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
25Pages 57 - 58
Figure 2-11
26. The World Wide Web
• Information presented
on the Web must be
evaluated for accuracy
• No one oversees the
content of Web pages
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
26Page 58
Figure 2-12
27. The World Wide Web
• Multimedia refers to any application that
combines text with:
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
27Page 58
28. The World Wide Web
• A graphic is a digital
representation of non
text information
• Graphic formats include
BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG,
and TIFF
• A thumbnail is a small
version of a larger
graphic
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
28Pages 58 - 59
Figure 2-13
29. The World Wide Web
• Animation is the appearance of motion created
by displaying a series of still images in sequence
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
29Page 59
30. The World Wide Web
• Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound
– Compressed to reduce file size
• You listen to audio on your computer using a player
• Streaming is the process of transferring data in a
continuous and even flow
• Video consists of full-motion images that are played
back at various speeds
• Virtual reality (VR) is the use of computers to
simulate a real or imagined environment that appears
as a three-dimensional space
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
30Pages 60 - 61
31. The World Wide Web
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
31Page 60
Figure 2-14
32. The World Wide Web
• A plug-in is a program that extends the capability
of a Web browser
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
32Page 61
Figure 2-15
33. The World Wide Web
• Web publishing is the development and
maintenance of Web pages
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
33Page 62
Plan a
Web site
Analyze
and
design a
Web site
Create a
Web site
Deploy a
Web site
Maintain
a Web
site
34. E-Commerce
• E-commerce is a business transaction that occurs
over an electronic network
– Anyone with access to a computer or mobile device,
an Internet connection, and a means to pay for
purchased goods or services can participate in e-
commerce
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
34Page 62
37. Other Internet Services
• E-mail is the
transmission of
messages and files via a
computer network
• An e-mail program
allows you to create,
send, receive, forward,
store, print, and delete
e-mail messages
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
37Pages 63 – 64
Figure 2-17
39. Other Internet Services
• A mailing list is a group of e-mail names and addresses
given a single name
– Subscribing adds your e-mail name and address
– Unsubscribing removes your name
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
39Page 66
40. Other Internet Services
• Instant messaging (IM) is a real-time Internet
communications service
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
40Page 66
Figure 2-19
41. Other Internet Services
• A chat is a real-time
typed conversation that
takes place on a
computer
• A chat room is a
location on an Internet
server that permits
users to chat with each
other
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
41Page 67
Figure 2-20
42. Other Internet Services
• VoIP (Voice over IP)
enables users to speak
to other users over the
Internet
– Also called Internet
telephony
• FTP (File Transfer
Protocol) is permits file
uploading and
downloading
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
42Page 68
Figure 2-21
43. Other Internet Services
• A newsgroup is an
online area in which
users have written
discussions about a
particular subject
– Typically requires a
newsreader
• A message board is a
Web-based type of
discussion group
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
43Pages 68 - 69
Figure 2-22
44. Netiquette
• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet
behavior
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
44Page 69
Figure 2-23
45. Summary
History and structure of
the Internet
World Wide Web
Browsing, navigating,
searching, Web
publishing, and
e-commerce
Other Internet services: e-
mail, instant messaging,
chat rooms, VoIP, FTP, and
newsgroups and message
boards
Rules of netiquette
Discovering Computers & Microsoft Office 2010:
Discovering Computers Chapter 2
45Page 70