This document provides an overview and objectives for a lecture on introduction to programming and databases. It discusses different types of programming languages from low-level languages like machine language and assembly language to high-level procedural and object-oriented languages. It also covers database management systems, relational and object-oriented databases, and the roles of database analysts and administrators.
Networking Fundamentals, Network supporting the way we learn, Network supporting the way we work, Network supporting the way we play,The Importance of Network Standards.
Over view of internet computer studies lessonMukalele Rogers
Over view of internet
What is internet?
Uses of internet
Advantages and disadvantages of internet
The difference between internet, intranet and extranet
Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of intranets
Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of extranets
Networking Fundamentals, Network supporting the way we learn, Network supporting the way we work, Network supporting the way we play,The Importance of Network Standards.
Over view of internet computer studies lessonMukalele Rogers
Over view of internet
What is internet?
Uses of internet
Advantages and disadvantages of internet
The difference between internet, intranet and extranet
Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of intranets
Characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of extranets
Diploma in Computer Applications typically refers to a short-term, focused educational program that provides practical skills and knowledge in various aspects of computer applications.
http://www.goldenropar.com/diploma-in-computer-application/page-381489
Week 3 Lecture 1 - Business SoftwareManagement of Information .docxjessiehampson
Week 3 Lecture 1 - Business Software
Management of Information Systems
Business Software
What should drive an IT infrastructure decision?
Ideally, the software would be selected first and then the hardware to host it. Most companies already possess some hardware that can limit the available options when selecting software. Determining which software or system approach that will fulfill the organization’s business functions is a key IT infrastructure decision. The value returned by software to an organization increases efficiency or competitive advantage. Software should return value to organizations, suppliers, customers, employees, and all stakeholders. Software functionality and the core value propositions (creating opportunities, increasing efficiency, gaining competitive advantage, or business problems solving) must be evaluated and analyzed when selecting software.
Operating systems and application software:
Common software applications are spreadsheet programs, and word processors. Other applications that may not be so familiar are analytics, survey, mapping applications, and web page or blog builders. Developers design applications’ interfaces. Operating systems also have an interface. Application interfaces are contained within the operating system interface.
Figure 4 Microsoft Edge browser application interface highlighted lime; the Windows 10 operating system interface highlighted magenta
Operating systems provide common interfaces to applications such as the close and resize boxes, scroll bars, and features for saving, cutting and pasting. Other layout features of applications come from their developers. Sometimes discerning systems software from application software can be difficult because operating systems are embedded with applications. A database management system, for instance, is application software that could easily be confused with system software.
The most important features of PC software.
PC software should be easy-to-understand, and contain intuitive icons. Icons reduce the time needed to learn to use software and make software more globally accessible because of the language independence of pictures. Metaphors can be used to indicate how to use interfaces. The Windows desktop, for instance, is a metaphor for a desktop containing items on which a person is currently working. Use of metaphors and intuitive icons increase productivity.
Week 3 Lecture 2 - Business Networks and Telecommunications
Management of Information Systems
Business Networks and Telecommunications
Over recent years, telecommunications has transformed how organizations conduct business. Mobile, wireless, and web-based technologies have enabled more strategic business management and increased the efficiency of resource management.
Over the last two decades, television, telephony and other forms of communication have been digitized. Voice over IP (VoIP) has become a popular method of communication. Increasingly, communication takes place over the ...
Information about the level of programming language, types of programming language, the principal paradigms, few programming languages, criteria for good language.
Slides from our workshop on IT concepts for Human Resources professionals.
This workshop is intended to explain high level IT concepts to HR professionals in a way that helps them understand the technologies in order to better select candidates for their companies and/or clients.
Reasons Why .NET framework is Most Demanding in 2023?Polyxer Systems
In this guide explore the enduring relevance of .NET in 2023 and its significance in the fast-evolving world of software development. Find out why it's still in high demand today.
Lect-1: Software Project Management - Project Dimensions, Players, SDLC and P...Mubashir Ali
Course Synopsis:
This course gives you the overview about what Software Project Management actually is? What tools and techniques you will use to manage your project? Similarly, risk management, quality assurance activities, and project planning, scheduling activities will also be covered in this course.
Reference:
1. Software Project Management, Bob Hughes, Mike Cotterell, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 5th Edition
2. Handouts & Research Papers
Project Management is the art of maximizing the probability that a project delivers its goals on Time, to Budget and at the required Quality.
Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.
A project is an activity with specific goals which takes place over a finite period of time.
computer programs are not project management: they are tools for project managers to use. Project management is all that mix of components of control, leadership, teamwork, resource management etc that goes into a successful project.
Temporary means that every project has a definite beginning and a definite end.
Projects involve creating something that has not been done in exactly the same way before and which is, therefore, unique and distinct.
Four P's have a substantial influence on software project management-
People must be organized into effective teams, motivated to do high-quality software work, and coordinated to achieve effective communication.
The Product requirements must be communicated from customer to developer.
The Process must be adapted to the people and the problem.
The Project must be organized in a manner that enables the software team to succeed.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Living in a Digital World
Discovering
Computers 2010
3. Objectives Overview
Differentiate between
machine and assembly
languages
Identify and discuss the
purpose of procedural
programming languages,
and describe the features of
C and COBOL
Identify and discuss the
characteristics of these
object-oriented
programming languages
and program development
tools
Identify the uses of other
programming languages
and program development
tools
Describe various ways to
develop Web pages
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
3See Page 663
for Detailed Objectives
4. Objectives Overview
Identify the uses of
popular multimedia
authoring programs
List the six steps in the
program development
life cycle
Differentiate between
structured design and
object-oriented design
Explain the basic
control structures and
design tools used in
designing solutions to
programming problems
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
4See Page 663
for Detailed Objectives
5. Computer Programs
and Programming Languages
• A computer program is a series of instructions
that directs a computer to perform tasks
– Created by a programmer using a programming
language
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
5Pages 664 – 665
Figure 13-1
6. Low-Level Languages
• Machine language is
the first generation of
programming languages
• Only language the
computer directly
recognizes
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
6Page 665
Figure 13-2
7. Low-Level Languages
• Assembly language is the
second generation of
programming languages
• Programmer writes
instructions using
symbolic instruction
codes
• A source program
contains the code to be
converted to machine
language
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
7Pages 665 – 666
Figure 13-3
8. Procedural Languages
• In a procedural language, the programmer writes
instructions that tell the computer what to
accomplish and how to do it
– Third-generation language (3GL)
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
8Pages 666 - 667
A compiler
translates an entire
program before
executing it
An interpreter converts
and executes one code
statement at a time
10. Object-Oriented Programming Languages
and Program Development Tools
• An object-oriented programming (OOP) language allows
programmers the ability to reuse and modify existing
objects
• Other advantages include:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
10Page 669
Objects can be
reused
Programmers
create applications
faster
Work well in a
RAD environment
Most program
development tools
are IDEs
11. Object-Oriented Programming Languages
and Program Development Tools
• Java is an object-oriented programming language
developed by Sun Microsystems
• The Just-in-time (JIT) compiler to convert the bytecode
into machine-dependent code
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
11Page 670
Figure 13-8
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 13, Click
Web Link from left
navigation, then click
Java Platforms
below Chapter 13
12. Object-Oriented Programming Languages
and Program Development Tools
• The Microsoft .NET Framework allows almost any
type of program to run on the Internet or an
internal business network, as well as computers
and mobile devices
• Features include:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
12Page 670
CLR (Common
Language
Runtime)
Classes
13. Object-Oriented Programming Languages
and Program Development Tools
• C++ is an extension of
the C programming
language
– Additional features for
working with objects,
classes, events, and
other object-oriented
concepts
• C# is based on C++ and
was developed by
Microsoft
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
13Page 671
Figure 13-9
14. Object-Oriented Programming Languages
and Program Development Tools
Visual Studio is Microsoft’s suite of
program development tools
Visual Basic is
based on the BASIC
programming
language
Visual C++ is based
on C++
Visual C# combines
the programming
elements of C++
with an easier,
rapid-development
environment
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
14Pages 671 - 673
15. Object-Oriented Programming Languages
and Program Development Tools
A visual programming language is a language that
uses a visual or graphical interface for creating all
source code
Borland’s Delphi is a powerful program
development tool that is ideal for building large-
scale enterprise and Web applications in a RAD
environment
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
15Page 673
16. Other Programming Languages
and Development Tools
• A 4GL (fourth-generation language) is a
nonprocedural language that enables users and
programmers to access data in a database
– One popular 4GL is SQL
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
16Page 674
Figure 13-13
17. Other Programming Languages
and Development Tools
• Classic programming languages include:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
17Page 675
Figure 13-14
Ada ALGOL APL BASIC
Forth FORTRAN HyperTalk LISP
Logo Modula-2 Pascal PILOT
PL/1 Prolog RPG Smalltalk
18. Other Programming Languages
and Development Tools
• An application generator is a program that creates
source code or machine code from a specification of the
required functionality
– Often bundled as part of a DBMS
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
18Page 676
Figure 13-15
19. Summary of ITP
Various programming
languages used to
create computer
programs
A variety of Web
development and
multimedia
development tools
Steps in the program
development life cycle
and tools used to make
this process efficient
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 13
19Page 705
20. Objectives Overview DBMS
Define the term,
database, and explain
how a database
interacts with data and
information
Define the term, data
integrity, and describe
the qualities of valuable
information
Discuss the terms
character, field, record,
and file
Describe file
maintenance
techniques and
validation techniques
Differentiate between a
file processing
approach and the
database approach
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
20See Page 513
for Detailed Objectives
21. Objectives Overview
Discuss the functions
common to most
database management
systems
Describe characteristics
of relational, object-
oriented, and
multidimensional
databases
Explain how to access
Web databases
Identify database design
guidelines and discuss
the responsibilities of
database analysts and
administrators
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
21See Page 513
for Detailed Objectives
22. Databases, Data, and Information
Database
• Collection of
data organized
in a manner
that allows
access,
retrieval, and
use of that
data
Data
• Collection of
unprocessed
items
• Text
• Numbers
• Images
• Audio
• Video
Information
• Processed data
• Documents
• Audio
• Images Video
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
22Page 514
23. Databases, Data, and Information
• Database software, often called a database
management system (DBMS), allows users to:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
23Page 515
Create a computerized
database
Add, modify, and
delete data
Sort and retrieve data
Create forms and
reports from the data
24. Databases, Data, and Information
• Data integrity identifies the quality of the data
• Garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) points out the
accuracy of a computer’s output depends on the
accuracy of the input
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
24Page 516
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Data Integrity
below Chapter 10
25. Databases, Data, and Information
• Valuable information should have the following
characteristics:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
25Pages 516 - 517
Accurate Verifiable Timely Organized
Accessible Useful
Cost-
effective
26. The Hierarchy of Data
• Data is organized in layers
– Files, records, fields, characters
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
26Page 517
Figure 10-2
27. The Hierarchy of Data
• A character is one byte
– Numbers, letters, space,
punctuation marks, or
other symbols
• A field is a combination
of one or more related
characters
– Field name
– Field size
– Data type
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
27Page 518
Figure 10-3
28. The Hierarchy of Data
• Common data types include:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
28Page 518
Text Numeric AutoNumber Currency
Date Memo Yes/No Hyperlink
Object Attachment
29. The Hierarchy of Data
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
29Page 519
Figure 10-4
• A record is a group of related fields
– A primary key uniquely identifies each record
• A data file is a collection of related records
30. Maintaining Data
• File maintenance refers to the procedures that
keep data current
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
30Page 520
Adding
records
Modifying
records
Deleting
records
31. Maintaining Data
• Validation compares data with a set of rules or
values to find out if the data is correct
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
31Pages 522 - 524
Alphabetic/Numeric
Check
Range check Consistency check
Completeness check Check digit Other checks
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Data Validation
below Chapter 10
32. File Processing Versus Databases
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
32Pages 524 - 526
File processing system
• Each department has its
own set of files
• Used for many years
• Have data redundancy
• Isolate data
Database approach
• Programs and users share
data
• Reduce data redundancy
• Improve data integrity
• Share data
• Allows easier access
• Reduces development time
• Can be more vulnerable
33. File Processing Versus Databases
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
33Page 525
Figure 10-10
34. Database Management Systems
• A data dictionary contains data about each file in
the database and each field in those files
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
34Pages 527 – 528
Figure 10-12
35. Database Management Systems
• A DBMS provides several tools that allow users
and programs to retrieve and maintain data in the
database
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
35Page 528
Query language
Query by example
Form
Report generator
36. Database Management Systems
• A query language consists of simple, English-like
statements that allow users to specify the data to
display, print, or store
• Query by example (QBE) provides a GUI to assist
users with retrieving data
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
36Page 528
37. Database Management Systems
A DBMS provides means to
ensure that only authorized users
access data at permitted times
•Access privileges
•Principle of least privilege
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
37Page 531
38. Database Management Systems
• A DMBS provides a variety of techniques to
restore the database to a usable form in case it is
damaged or destroyed
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
38Pages 531 - 532
Backup Log
Recovery
utility
Continuous
backup
39. Relational, Object-Oriented, and
Multidimensional Databases
• A relational database
stores data in tables
that consist of rows and
columns
– Each row has a primary
key
– Each column has a
unique name
• A relationship is a link
within the data
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
39Page 533
Figure 10-20
40. Relational, Object-Oriented, and
Multidimensional Databases
• Structured Query Language (SQL) is a query
language that allows users to manage, update,
and retrieve data
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
40Page 534
Figure 10-21
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click SQL
below Chapter 10
41. Relational, Object-Oriented, and
Multidimensional Databases
• An object-oriented database (OODB) stores data
in objects
• Examples of applications appropriate for an
object-oriented database include:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
41Page 534
Multimedia
database
Groupware
database
Computer-
aided design
database
Hypertext
database
42. Relational, Object-Oriented, and
Multidimensional Databases
• A multidimensional database can store data in more
than two dimensions of data
– Sometimes known as a hypercube
– Can consolidate data much faster than a relational database
• A data warehouse is a huge database that stores and
manages the data required to analyze historical and
current transactions
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
42Pages 535 - 536
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Data Warehouses
below Chapter 10
43. Web Databases
• Databases on the Web allow you to:
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
43Page 536
Shop for
products or
services
Buy or sell stocks Search for a job
Make airline
reservations
Register for
college classes
Check semester
grades
44. Database Administration
Database analysts and administrators are responsible
for managing and coordinating all database activities
Database Analyst (DA)
Decides on proper field
placement, defines data
relationship, and identifies users’
access privileges
Database Administrator (DBA)
Creates and maintains the data
dictionary, manages security,
monitors performance, and
checks backup and recovery
procedures
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
44Page 538
Click to view Web Link,
click Chapter 10, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Database
Administrators below
Chapter 10
45. Summary
How data and
information are
valuable assets to
an organization
Methods for
maintaining high-
quality data
Assessing the
quality of valuable
information
Advantages of
organizing data in
a database
Various types of
databases
Roles of the
database analysts
and administrators
Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World
Chapter 10
45Page 539