Internet and intranets allow computers to connect and share information. The internet is a global network accessible publicly, while an intranet is a private internal network for an organization. Websites and applications use various technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP to design interfaces and add interactivity. E-commerce involves businesses conducting transactions online, while e-business refers more broadly to managing business operations using internet technologies.

1. Internet
-Anil Pokhrel
College Of Applied
Business
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2. Contents
• Introduction to internet and intranets
• Internet and world wide web
• Overview of electronic mail
• Introduction to intranets
• Introduction to E-commerce and E-business
• Introduction to web design
• Overview of web technologies
• Conclusion
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3. Introduction to Intranet
• Intranet is system in
which multiple PCs are
connected to each
other.
• PCs in intranet are not
available to the world
outside the intranet.
• Usually each company
or organization has their
own Intranet network
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4. What is Internet ?
• Internet is the world largest computer
network scattered all over the world
• we can state Internet as the network of
network
• It carries various information resources and
services such as electronic mail, online chat
and interlink hypertext documents
• It covers the globe and includes large
international networks as well as many small
local area network 4

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6. Speciality about internet
• The creation of the
Internet solved the
following challenges:
– Basically inventing digital
networking as we know
it
– Survivability of an
infrastructure to send /
receive high-speed
electronic messages
– Reliability of computer
messaging
• Internet is the cheapest
and fastest means to
get , provide and
compile information
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7. How can I use Internet
• Visit websites
• Send and receive electronic mail
• Chat online
• Download files to your PC
• Play games online
• Search internet for information
• Do online shopping
• Create your websites
• Entertainment
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8. Internet Protocols
• The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method
or protocol by which data is sent from one
computer to another on the Internet.
• Each computer (known as a host) on the
Internet has at least one IP addresses that
uniquely identifies it from all other computers
on the Internet.
• The most widely used version of IP today is
Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) and IP Version
6 (IPv6)
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9. Types of internet protocols
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP)
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• Telnet
• Gopher
• Wide Area Information Service (WAIS)
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10. TCP/IP
IP TCP
• Envelopes and addresses the
data
• Enables the network to read
the envelop and Forward the
data to its destination
• Defines how much data can
fit in a single “envelope” (i.e
a packet)
•It is actually the
collection of
protocols or
rules that govern
• Breaks data up into packets
that the network can handle
efficiently
• Verifies whether all the
packets have arrived at their
destination
• Reassembles the data
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11. File transfer protocol (FTP)
• It is actually the part of the TCP/IP protocol suite
• It is a protocol that enables files to be
transferred between computers (i.e from
computer A to computer B)
• It works on client/server principle
• Files on FTP servers are often compressed which
decreases the file size
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12. Hypertext transfer protocol
• It is the protocol that governs the transfer of
hypertext between two or more computers
• It is a text that is specially coded using a
standard system called Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML)
• It is based on client/ server principle
• Allows computer A(client) to establish a
connection computer B(server) and make a
request
• Server accepts the request of client and send 12

13. World wide web (WWW)
• It is one of the services communicated via
internet
• It is the collection of interconnected documents
and other resources , linked by hyperlinks and
URLs
• WWW is non linear i.e you do not have to follow
a special path to information resources
• You can jump directly from one link or
documents to others
• Allows to communicate with other internet 13

14. E-Mail - Electronic Mail
• Send mail electronically via the Internet
• Requires an account on a mail server and
supporting software on your PC
• The username and password will allow you to
access your account
• All e-mail programs allow you to Send,
Compose, Reply, and Forward mail
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15. Why we use email
 Easy and fast to use and access
 Available world wide
 Interactive between programs
 Inexpensive
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17. Email
name and
addresses
• Email address is read from left to right
• For eg: ram@gmail.com is read as “ram at gmail dot com”
• “ram” is the name of person sending or receiving messages;
• gmail is the part of domain name of the organization
• “com” is also the part of domain name and it indicates that
“gmail” is a commercial organization.
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18. Advantages of email
Emails are easy to use
Emails are fast
The language used in emails is simple and informal.
Emails do not use paper
Emails can also have pictures in them. You can send
birthday cards or newsletters as emails.
Products can be advertised with emails. Companies
can reach a lot of people and inform them in a short
time.
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19. Disadvantages of
email
o Emails may carry viruses. These are small programs that
harm your computer system. They can read out your email
address book and send themselves to a number of people
around the world.
o Many people send unwanted emails to others. These are
called spam mails. It takes a lot of time to filter out the
unwanted emails from those that are really important.
o Emails cannot really be used for official business
documents. They may be lost and you cannot sign them.
o Your mailbox may get flooded with emails after a certain
time so you have to empty it from time to time.
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Intranet
• The term Intranet is derived from two words `Intra` which
means with in and `net` which means group of
interconnected computers
• It is private computer network that uses IP and network
connectivity to securely share any part of an organization
information with its employee
• Intranet is private network of computers within an
organization with its own server and firewall.
• Every computer in intranet is identified by a unique IP
address.

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Advantages of intranet
• Workforce productivity:
• Time
• Enhance collaboration
• Cross-platform capability
• Immediate updates
• Cost-effective
• secured and reliable

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Disadvantages of intranet
• High cost
• Security concerns .
• Management concern

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Difference between internet and intranet
• Internet • Intranet
1. Internet is wide network of
computer and open for all
2. Internet itself contains a
large number of intranets.
3 .It is not secured
4 Internet contains different
source of information and
is available for all.
1. Intranet is also a network of
computers designed for a
specific group of users
2. Intranet can be accessed
from Internet but with
restrictions
3 .It is more secured than
internet
4 Intranet contains only
specific group information

25. Introduction to E-commerce
and E- business
• Electronic commerce can be broadly classified
as the set of business activities involving
consumers, service providers, manufactures
and intermediaries, who use computer
networks such as Internet for conducting their
business transaction.
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26. Evolution of E- commerce
• 1979: Michael Aldrich demonstrates the
first online shopping system
• 1982: Minitel was introduced nationwide in
France by France Télécom and used for online
ordering
• 2002: eBay acquires PayPal for $1.5 billion.
• 2003: Amazon.com posts first yearly profit.
• 2015: Amazon.com accounts for more than
half of all ecommerce growth, selling almost
500 Million SKU's in the US 26

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28. • Now a days, corporations are utilizing
Internet technology to set up e-commerce
business and successfully conduct trade over
the internet. Some corporations which
enhanced the trade a few years ago are:
1. Dell computers
2. Wine.com
3. FedEx
4. Tata McGraw-Hill publishing company Ltd.
5. South Indian bank
6. Rediff on the Net 28

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30. Comparison
• E-COMMERCE
 Meaning:
Trading of merchandise, over the
internet is known as E-commerce.
 What is it?
Subset
 What they carry out?
Commercial transactions
 Requires : Website
• E-BUSINESS
 Meaning: Running business
using the internet is known as E-
business.
 What is it?
Superset
 What they carry out?
Business transactions
 Requires: Website, CRM, ERP, etc.
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31. Introduction to web design
• Web design is the visual aesthetics and page
layout of a website.
• It goes hand-in-hand with web development
in the creation of a static website or dynamic
web application.
• For this we use html, css, php, etc. for
designing our web pages.
• Sir trimothy john berners-lee is the person
from england who has created website first
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Types of website
There are two types of website:-
dynamic and static
• Dynamic websites contain Web
pages that are generated in real-
time. These pages include Web
scripting code, such as PHP or
ASP. When a dynamic page is

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Advantage and disadvantage
of dynamic website
Advantage disadvantage
Much more functional website slower
Much easier to update More expensive to develop
New contents brings people back to the
site and helps in the search engines
Hosting costs a little more
Can work as a system to allow staff or
users to collaborate

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Advantage and
disadvantage of static websiteadvantages disadvantage
Quick to develop Require web development expertise to
update site
Cheap to develop Site not as useful for the user
Cheap to host Content can get stagnant
(stagnant= showing no activity)

35. Overview of web technologies
• Used to create a website
• Collection of electronic files residing on one or more web
server that presents a content to the end user in the form of
web pages upon request
• Some of the technologies used to create websites are
HTML,XHTML,XML,CSS,JAVASCRIPT
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36. HTML
•HTML is the
standard
markup
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37. HTML Tags
• HTML tags are used to define areas of a document having
certain characteristics
• Tags used in HTML usually consist of a code in between two
“wickets” Example
A simple HTML5 document:
• <!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of the document</title>
</head>
<body>
The content of the document......
</body>
</html>
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38. XHTML
• XHTML documents are XML conforming as they are readily
viewed, edited, and validated with standard XML tools
• XHTML gives you a more consistent, well-structured format so
that your web pages can be easily parsed and processed by present
and future web browsers
• Since XHTML is an official standard of the W3C, your website
becomes more compatible with many browsers and it is rendered
more accurately
• XHTML combines strength of HTML and XML. Also, XHTML
pages can be rendered by all XML enabled browsers
• XHTML defines quality standard for your web pages and if you
follow that, then your web pages are counted as quality web pages
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39. XML
• XML stands for extensible Markup Language
• XML is a markup language much like HTML
• XML was designed to store and transport data
• XML was designed to be self-descriptive
• XML is a W3C Recommendation
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40. Advantages of XML
• XML simplifies data sharing
• XML simplifies data transport
• XML simplifies platform changes
• XML makes your data more available
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41. CSS
• CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
• CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on
screen, paper, or in other media
• CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple
web pages all at once
• External stylesheets are stored in CSS files
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42. JAVASCRIPT
• JAVASCRIPT is the programming language of HTML and the
Web.
• JAVASCRIPT is easy to learn.
• This tutorial will teach you JavaScript from basic to advanced.
• JAVASCRIPT was design to add interactivity to HTML pages
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43. PHP
• PHP (Hypertext processor) is a server scripting language, and
a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web
pages.
• PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to
competitors
• PHP can be used for command –line scripting and client-side
GUI application
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44. Conclusion
• As a conclusion, we found internet to be the
most essential network throughout the world
in every sector
• Internet carries various information resources
and services such as electronic mail, online
chat and interlink hypertext documents
• Intranet is private network of computers
within an organization with its own server and
firewall.
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