Palestra memorial "Joaquim da Costa Ribeiro", apresentada no XIV Encontro da SBPMat pela professora emérita da UFRJ Eloisa Biasotto Mano, no dia 27 de setembro de 2015 no Centro de Convenções SulAmérica (Rio de Janeiro).

1. THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
1/
Dr. ELOISA BIASOTTO MANO
EMERITUS PROFESSOR
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
INSTITUTO DE MACROMOLÉCULAS PROFESSORA ELOISA MANO
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Polímeros
THE IMPORTANCE OF
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Memorial Lecture “Joaquim Costa Ribeiro”
Rio de Janeiro – September to October, 2015

2. THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
2/
WHAT IS MATTER?
http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/dark-matter/
Everything occupies some space, and have mass at rest.

3. THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
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WHAT IS MATERIAL?
It is matter that composes a body.
http://www.marthafleming.net/materials-library/

4. THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
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WHAT IS ENGINEERING MATERIAL?
http://eng-cs.syr.edu/research/structural-engineering-and-mechanics
It is a basic material applied in the construction of buildings, bridges,
ships, aircrafts, equipments, and so on.

5. THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
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CLASSIFICATION OF THE MATERIALS
Application field Specificity Representative
material
Basic chemical
constituent
Engineering Building industry wood
concrete
metal
ceramics
glass
marble
polymer (cellulose)
metallic oxides, iron
iron, copper, aluminum
metallic oxides
calcium carbonate
Industrial machinery metal
plastic
iron
polymers
High performance parts metal
ceramics
plastic
iron , nickel, chrome
metallic oxides
polymers
Furniture wood
plastic
polymer (cellulose)
polymers
Biomedicine Orthopedics metal
ceramics
plastic
Iron, titanium, platinum,
nickel
metallic oxides
polymers
Dentistry plastic
metal
polymers
gold, silver, mercury
Packing Medicine glass
plastic
metal
metallic oxides
polymers
aluminum
Food paper
glass
plastic
metal
polymer (cellulose)
metallic oxides
polymer
aluminum

6. THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
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CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS
WHAT IS WOOD?
It is a natural composite of great
complexity, where the reinforcing
component is cellulose fiber and the
bind component is lignin.
WHAT IS WOOD?
It is a natural composite of great
complexity, where the reinforcing
component is cellulose fiber and the
bind component is lignin.
WHAT ARE CERAMICS?
They are porous materials prepared
from mixing clays and some oxides after
heating at high temperatures.
WHAT ARE CERAMICS?
They are porous materials prepared
from mixing clays and some oxides after
heating at high temperatures.
http://www.resodynmixers.com/
http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/t/piece-firewood-beech-wood-
shadow-over-white-background-40065843.jpg

7. THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
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WHAT IS GLASS?
Glass is a super cooling liquid made of molten
silicon, sodium and calcium oxides. It resembles
an amorphous solid at room temperature.
WHAT IS GLASS?
Glass is a super cooling liquid made of molten
silicon, sodium and calcium oxides. It resembles
an amorphous solid at room temperature.
WHAT ARE METALS?
Metals reflect light, are opaque, bright and heavy,
have high modulus, thermal resistance, and
electrical conductivity.
WHAT ARE METALS?
Metals reflect light, are opaque, bright and heavy,
have high modulus, thermal resistance, and
electrical conductivity.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS
http://eng-cs.syr.edu/research/structural-engineering-and-mechanics
http://dev-fox.virtechsystems.com/wp-
content/uploads/2014/05/laminatedglass.jpg

8. THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
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Polymers are chemical natural or synthetic materials, characterized by size,
chemical structure and intra and intermolecular interactions. They are giant
molecules - macromolecules - with covalently bonded repeated chemical units.
Polymers are the main materials of rubber and plastic artifacts, fibers adhesives
and paints.
http://www.mpip-mainz.mpg.de/43534/Poly_Syn
WHAT ARE POLYMERS?

9. THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
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EFFECT OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT
The main characteristics of a polymer depend on the molecular size:
Short molecules: molecular weight < 1000 (micromolecules)
Long molecules: molecular weight > 1000 (macromolecules)
http://www.scienceknowledge.org/2010/02/19/a-
catalyst-for-oxidation-of-alkanes
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Hexokinas
e_ball_and_stick_model,_with_substrates_to_scale_copy.png

10. THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
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EFFECT OF CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
The polymer chemical structure is related to chemical composition,
constitution and configuration of the molecule.
- Flexibility or rigidity of polymer chain;
- Existence or not of crosslinking, or potential crosslinking sites;
- Availability or not of feasible groups for interactions.

11. THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
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EFFECT OF SIZE, STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL
INTERACTION
The size, structure and interactions determine polymer physical
properties:
- High modulus is achieved with increasing molecular
weight, crystallinity and aromatic structure;
- Transparency or opacity change with crystallinity.

12. THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
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EFFECT OF SIZE, STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL
INTERACTION
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/8005/8005olympics.html
Kevlar

13. THE IMPORTANCE OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS
Eloisa Biasotto Mano
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SUGESTÕES DE TRABALHOS FUTUROS
Usar bagaço de cana como substituto da COFD, no intuito de
aprimorar a resistência à compressão do HDPE-R;
Realizar um estudo sobre compósitos com COFD visando utilizar
suas propriedades específicas de absorção de odores para uso na
construção civil;
Investigar a possibilidade de reciclagem – transformação - de
outros polímeros reciclados em materiais de construção.
Usar bagaço de cana como substituto da COFD, no intuito de
aprimorar a resistência à compressão do HDPE-R;
Realizar um estudo sobre compósitos com COFD visando utilizar
suas propriedades específicas de absorção de odores para uso na
construção civil;
Investigar a possibilidade de reciclagem – transformação - de
outros polímeros reciclados em materiais de construção.
CONTACT
Professor Eloisa B. Mano
ebmano@ima.ufrj.br – +55 21 3938-7222
Rio de Janeiro – September to October, 2015 .