This document discusses silicones and their applications. It begins with an introduction and overview of silicones, noting they are polymers made of repeating siloxane units. It then covers the nomenclature, manufacturing process involving chlorosilane synthesis and polymerization, and main types - fluids, elastomers, and resins. The document outlines the properties of silicones, including being water-repellent and thermally stable. It lists applications of silicones across many industries like aerospace, automotive, construction, electronics, and more. In closing, it emphasizes how silicones can enable transportation to operate safely in extreme conditions.

1. Presented by
Sushil Kumar Ranjan
M.Sc. (1st Sem. (Roll No-11)
Under the guidance of
Dr. N.P. Singh
Associate professor
Department of chemistry,
DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur
Silicones and their Applications

2. – Introduction
– Nomenclature
– Manufacturing of silicones
– Types of silicones
– Properties of silicones
– Applications

3. Silicones, also known as polysiloxanes
It is made up by repeating unit of
siloxanes, which is chain of alternating
silicone atoms and oxygen atoms,
combined with carbon, hydrogen or
other
Silicone fluid, silicone elastomer and
silicone resin

4. nomenclature
SILICON Si
SILICA
SILANE
SILOXANES
X
X X
X
Si
-O
R
R
Si O-
-O Si O-
O
O

5. Manufacture
of silicone
SiO2 + 2C Si + 2CO
Production of silicones takes place in three stage
a) Synthetic of chloro-silanes
b) Hydrolysis of chloro-silanes
c) Condensation polymerization

6. Chlorosilane synthesis
xSi + yCH3Cl
Cu
3000C MeSiCl3
Me3SiCl
Me2SiCl2
Yield (weight %) B.P. ( oC)
>50
10-30
<10
70.0
66.4
57.9

7. Hydrolysis of chlorosilane

8. Condensation polymerization

9. Elastomer
Silicone
polyether
Organo-
silicones
Silanes
Dimethyl
compound
Fluid
Silicone
resins
Amino
silicone

10. Silicone
fluid
Silicone fluids are linear polysiloxanes of
50-200 units
Very low volatility, low surface
tension and very good water
repellence
Silicone fluids are transparent, tasteless
and odorless liquids with no known
harmful effects.
use as transformer oils, lubricants, dielectrics,
defoamers and release agents for photocopiers and
laser printers.
cosmetics, pharmaceuticals
and
medicine
Polydimethylsiloxanes

11. Silicone
elastomers
 Silicone elastomers are long chain polymers made of
6000-600000 siloxanes units.
 Have high molecular
weights.
These can be vulcanised to give
rubber.
• Room Temperature Vulcanised (RTV)
• High temperature vulcanized (HTV)
Mold making, electronics, household appliances,
machinery and industrial plant engineering,
medical applications.
Silica filler to enhance
strength

12. Silicone resin
Water resistance
Made by hydrolysis of a
blend of chlorosilanes
High heat resistance
dielectric behaviour is ideal
Silicone resins as solvent-based and
solvent-free systems, emulsions, but
also powders.
Typically methyl phenyl silicone
Can be flexible or rigid
used to make paints and coatings

13. Property of silicone
Water repellent
Very good thermo-
oxidative stability
Excellent dielectric
properties
Low chemical reactivity
Low toxicity
High thermal stability
High gas permeability
Low thermal conductivity
Resistance to oxygen, ozone
and UV light
Electrical insulation

14. application of silicone
aerospace Cook ware
firestops Dry cleaning
automotive opthalmology
Mold makingPersonal care

15. lubricant
plumbing
Coating
Building
construction
toyselectronics medicine

16. As modern means of transport become faster, more
reliable
and more efficient, demands on materials to perform
become
tougher. As such, smaller parts must resist exposure
to
extreme heat, moisture, salt and fuels. Most
materials
deteriorate in these conditions, but not silicones.
Silicones retain their properties and –
most important –
ensure that cars, ships, airplanes and
trains operate safely
for the long haul.

17. References
• Industrial chemistry including chemical engineering by BK Sharma,
IO-1040 (1991) (book.google.co.in)
• Hans-Heinrich Moretto, Manfred Schulze, Gebhard Wagner (2005) "Silicones"
in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH,
Weinheim. (books.google.co.in)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicone
• http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/silicones.html

18. Acknowledgement
– I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Dr. N.P. Singh sir
– I am also very thankful to the head, Department Of Chemistry D.D.U. Gorakhpur
University, Gorakhpur Prof. O.P. Pandey Sir.
– Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this presentation within the time frame.
– Thanks again to all who helped me