The document summarizes the key causes and events of World War I. It describes the alliance system between the Allied Powers (Triple Entente) of Britain, France, and Russia versus the Central Powers (Triple Alliance) of Germany and Austria-Hungary. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist sparked a series of diplomatic and military escalations that led Germany to declare war on Russia, followed by France, and ultimately Britain entering the war against Germany due to their invasion of Belgium. Over 9 million soldiers and civilians lost their lives during the four years of brutal trench warfare and new military technologies on land, sea and air.

1. Causes of WWI (The Great War)

2. Differing Viewpoints “ Family Feud” “ Fall of the Eagles” “ The War to End All Wars” “ The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

3. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente : Triple Alliance :

4. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers (Triple Entente) : Central Powers (Triple Alliance) :

5. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers : Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers : Enver Pasha [Turkey]

6. 1. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 398 289 268 154 130 94 1914 1910 1900 1890 1880 1870 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures 73% Germany 39% Russia 13% Britain 10% France

7. 2. Alliances Germany blank check to A-H Empire Secret alliances on both sides

8. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries Colonial countries fight for “Mother Countries”

9. 4. Aggressive Nationalism= Extreme dedication and loyalty to one’s country

10. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 After the Balkan wars of 1913-1913, Balkans are the “Powder Keg” of Europe. All they needed was a spark….

11. M_______A_______I________N______ ? Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Turn to your WWI map and follow the video map sequence.

12. The “Spark”

13. Archduke Franz Ferdinand (A-H) is assassinated.

14. The Assassination: Sarajevo

15. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip

16. Funeral for Archduke Ferdinand

17. The Domino Effect (1 ) A-H Empire issues an ultimatum to allow Austria forces to investigate and stop anti-Austrian activities (2) Serbia refuses ultimatum, Austria-Hungary declares war (3) Russia mobilizes army to defend Serbia (4) Germany declares war on Russia

18. The Domino Effect (5) France declares war on Germany (6) Germany invades Belgium to attack France (Shlieffen plan) The Schlieffen Plan --->

19. Domino Effect (7) Britain declares war on Germany

20. Europe in 1914

21. Who’s To Blame?

22. German Atrocities in Belgium

23. Mobilization Home by Christmas! No major war in 50 years! Nationalism!

24. Recruitment Posters

25. A Young Australian Recruit

26. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro-Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

27. New French Recruits

28. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

30. Can you describe the setting, precipitating events, and alliances that were formed? Who declared war and in what order? What was the Schleiffin Plan? Who was the Arch Duke Ferdinand and why did Aust-Hung. Declare war on Serbia?

31. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

32. Australian Poster

33. American Poster

34. Financing the War

35. German Poster

36. What is the purpose of propoganda? Why is it used?

37. The Western Front: Trench Warfare

38. A Multi-Front War

39. The Western Front

40. Trench Warfare

41. Trench Warfare “ No Man’s Land”

48. Australians Occupying German Trench

49. The Stench Rotting carcasses lay around in their thousands. For example, approximately 200,000 men were killed on the Somme battlefields, many of which lay in shallow graves. Overflowing latrines would similarly give off a most offensive stench. Men who had not been afforded the luxury of a bath in weeks or months would offer the pervading odor of dried sweat. The feet were generally accepted to give off the worst odor. Trenches would also smell of creosol or chloride of lime, used to stave off the constant threat of disease and infection. Add to this the smell of cordite, the lingering odor of poison gas, rotting sandbags, stagnant mud, cigarette smoke and cooking food... yet men grew used to it, while it thoroughly overcame first-time visitors to the front.

50. Verdun – February, 1916 German offensive. Each side had 500,000 casualties.

51. British troops and cavalry went “over the top” Shear numbers allow attack to be “successful” First day of battle 60,000 British soldiers killed British general believed he had to attack - used old tactics in new war 420,000 British; 200,000 French; 500,000 Germans killed Battle of Somme

52. The Somme – July, 1916 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

53. War Is HELL !!

56. Poison gas strikes the skin

57. Chlorine gas - 1st used, affected respiratory system Phosgene gas - 18 times more potent then Chlorine gas. Can take 2 days for lungs to fill with fluid. Mustard gas - burns eyes, skin. Swelling, vomiting follow. Able to penetrate clothing. Battlefields couldn’t be reoccupied. Use and Effects of Gas

58. Trench Foot

59. Sacrifices in War

60. Click Esc. And continue for next two slides (One and Aftermath)

61. Aftermath Poem

63. “ War neurosis” or “Combat Stress” Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms include tiredness, irritability, lack of concentration, headaches. Mental breakdown often occurred Came from conditions, heavy artillery Treatment not helpful - get soldiers back in the trenches Generals saw this as cowardice Shellshock

64. If surviving the enemy was not bad enough, over 1000 soldiers were executed by their own armies. Number Killed by Nation: Germany - 48 France - 600 Britain - 346 Italy - 500+ Canada - 25 Shot at Dawn

65. Soldiers killed for insubordination, desertion, refusing to fight Leaders assumed it would help discipline and morale Those with shell-shock also executed Military Executions

66. The Eastern Front

67. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

68. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

69. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

70. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

71. The Tsar with General Brusilov

72. Women and the War Effort

73. Financing the War

74. For Recruitment

75. Munitions Workers

76. French Women Factory Workers

77. German Women Factory Workers

78. Working in the Fields

79. A Woman Ambulance Driver

80. Red Cross Nurses

81. Women in the Army Auxiliary

82. Russian Women Soldiers

83. Spies “ Mata Hari” Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle German Spy/”escort”!

84. The “Colonial” Fronts

85. Sikh British Soldiers in India

86. Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

87. Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

88. Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916

89. B. Pretend you are a colonist in Africa as you study the map on p. 852 How might you feel if you were drafted into a war for the “mother country”? Would it be in your best interest to fight? Ghandi:”If we improve our status with the help and cooperation of the British…we will stand with them during their hour of need”

90. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

92. French Renault Tank

93. Tanks Used invention of internal combustion engine Early tanks very unreliable – pushed into service before fully developed British hoped they would end stalemate on Western Front Advantages of tank – could travel over muddy land and cut through barbed wire

94. U-Boats

95. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

96. The Airplane “ Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

97. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

98. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

99. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

100. Poison Gas Machine Gun

101. WWI Weapons Machine guns, grenades, <---mortars, chlorine gas

102. British Tank at Ypres

103. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

104. The Zeppelin

105. Armenian Massacre in Turkey

107. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

108. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Turkish Genocide of Armenians (1914 - 1922) 387,800 2,133,190 Total 15,000 73,390 Trapizond District 163,000 194,000 European Turkey 70,000 309,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria 27,000 371,800 Western Anatolia Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey 16,800 225,000 Sivas 56,000 220,000 Bitlis 3,000 124,000 Diarbekir 35,000 204,000 Kharbert 500 197,000 Van 1,500 215,000 Erzerum 1922 1914 Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey

109. America Joins the Allies

110. The Sinking of the Lusitania

111. The Zimmerman Telegram

112. The Yanks Are Coming!

113. John-nie, get your gun, get your gun, get your gun, Take it on the run, on the run, on the run, Hear them call-ing you and me, ev'-ry son of lib-er-ty Hur-ry right a-way, no de-lay, go to-day Make your Dad-dy glad to have had such a lad, Tell your sweet-heart not to pine, to be proud her boy's in line O-ver there, o-ver there, send the word, send the word, o-ver there, That the Yanks are com-ing, the Yanks are com-ing, The drums rum-tum-ming ev'-ry where So pre-pare, say a prayer, send the word, send the word to be-ware We'll be o-ver, we're com-ing o-ver, And we won't come back 'til it's o-ver O-ver There! John-nie, get your gun, get your gun, get your gun, John-nie show the Hun you're a son of a gun Hoist the flag and let her fly, Yan-kee Doo-dle do or die Pack your lit-tle kit, show your grit, do your bit Yan-kees to the ranks from the towns and the tanks Make your moth-er proud of you and the old Red White and Blue O-ver there, o-ver there, send the word, send the word, o-ver there, That the Yanks are com-ing, the Yanks are com-ing, The drums rum-tum-ming ev'-ry where So pre-pare, say a prayer, send the word, send the word to be-ware We'll be o-ver, we're com-ing o-ver, And we won't come back 'til it's o-ver O-ver There!

114. Americans in the Trenches

115. “ Art” of World War I

116. “ A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

117. “ Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

118. “ Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

119. “ Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

120. “ Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

122. German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918

123. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 20,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

124. Spanish Flu strain- world-wide

125. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918

126. 9,000,000 Dead

127. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

128. Over 9,000,000 dead Paste in Children’s Crusade

129. nothing escaped the war. . .

130. british

131. austrian

132. french

133. canadian

134. american

135. russian

136. british

137. german

138. austrian

139. french and german

140. german

141. russian

142. italian

143. french

144. german

145. “ In death there is not much distinction, friend or foe are treated alike” 9. 12.

146. Who is he? Does it even matter?

147. Germany-A-H Surrender

149. Armistice Day November 11, 1918

151. Before After

152. Before After

155. Who will pay? Who to blame? Never again?