This document provides guidance on first aid treatments for various common injuries and medical conditions. It discusses what to do in cases of dog bites, snake bites, insect bites, cuts, burns, electric shocks, nosebleeds, fevers, headaches, toothaches, fainting, allergic reactions, and more. For each issue, it lists steps like cleaning wounds, applying pressure, immobilizing injuries, taking pain medications, consulting a doctor if symptoms worsen, and other basic first aid actions.

1. By Dr. Aftab Alam
MBBS

2. BITES
Dog bites
Bruise, breaks,puncture,cuts
What to do?
 Assure ,wash hand.
 Wash wound with running water(atleast 5min) and soap.
 Puncture wound-irrigate.
 Alcohol (40-70%) or betadine.
 Anti-rabies,(0,3,7,14,28) anti-tetanus serum, antibiotics.
 Delay suturing.
 Observe animal.

3. Snake bite
 TYPES
 BITES
 SYMPTOMS- swelling ,burning ,diarrhea ,blurred vision,
numbness, vomiting, fever ,convulsion .
What to do?
 Assure.
 Apply pressure on bitten area.
 Bandage around the limb.
 Immobilize the affected limb.
 Wash the wound with soap-water or betadine.
 Lying on one side
DONTS-Incise, suck, apply, elevate, cool.

4. Insect bite
 WHAT TO DO ?
 Remove sting.
 Wash with soap-water.
 Place ice wrapped in a cloth in every 10 min.
 Apply antiseptic cream.
 Take pain killer.
 Take antihistaminics.
 Remove rings from finger ,nose, ear.
 Check for sudden anaphylactic attack.

5. SPORTS INJURIES
 Common types of injuries:-sprain, fracture,
dislocation.
 SPRAIN
 What ? When ?
 What to do ?
 Pain killers.
 Immobilize till heal.
 Cold compression -20 min 4-8 times.
 Elevation.
 Crepe bandage.
 Remember always start with warming exercise.

6. DISLOCATION & FRACTURE
 What ? When ?
 What to do ?
 Medical condition?
 Pain killers.
 Immobilize the joint.
 Ice.
 Splinting in original position.
 Don’t-massage ,move without support.

7. CUTS
 Clean wound with water.
 Remove debris/dirt .
 Apply antiseptic ointment.
 Apply pressure if bleeding don’t stop.
 Bandage.
 Take ATT(<5yrs).
 Consult doctor if –fever ,pus ,healing delayed.

8. R.T.A. & INJURY
safeguard ,align & immobilize.
 Fracture ,shock ,sever e bleeding ,heart arrest,
Spinal injury.
 FRACTURE
 SHOCK & SEVERE BLEEDING.
 What is shock?
 What to do ?
 Lie down, elevate leg.
 Check breathing ,heart rate, consciousness.
 Severe bleeding - stop bleeding and shock.
 Spinal injury & head trauma -align limbs,
immobilize spine (carry),check consciousness.

9. Heart arrest & CPR
Assess .
Perform CPR.
1.Find consciousness ---------------2.Find pulse ----- -----
3.chest compression ------------4.breathing(htcl)
 Compression rate -100/min.
 Compression depth – 2”
 Compression breathing ratio -30:2.

10. Burns
 Categories .
 What to do ? X
 First degree.
 Run cool water.
 Dry gently.
 Apply sos /silverex cream.
 Sterile bandage.
 Pain killers ,ATT
 Second degree.(blister & scare)
 Clean area, apply cream ,pain killers, rehydrate.
 Third degree.
 All skin layers, no pain ,dehydration ,eschar severe.
 CHEMICAL BURNS-wash, ointment, bandage & consult.

11. Electric shock
 Save yourself.
 Switch off main fuse.
 Move the victim through insulation.
 Assess victim for pulse & breathing.
 Treat if minor burn.

12. FOREIGN BODIES
 Foreign bodies in ear.
 If object is protruding use tweezers.
 If small shake head with ear facing downward with
straight canal and with ear bud.
 If insect --put baby oil in ear &flush with water
 Foreign bodies in nose
 Breath through mouth.
 Blow gently through affected nostril after closing
the unaffected nostril.
 Don’t use tweezers if FB is not protruding.

13. FOREIGN BODIES IN EYES
 Avoid rubbing the eyes.
 Flush with normal saline.
 Remove by wet cotton bud.
 If not ,cover the eyes.

14. FOREIGN BODIES IN THROAT
HEIMLICH MANEUVER

15. NOSE BLEEDING
 Sit & Lean forward.
 Pinch nose for 10 min.
 If not then for another 10 min.
 Place ice pack on nose bridge.
 Drink cold water.
 Don’t sneeze ,suck or lean backward.

16. COMMON AILMENTS
 Fever
 Monitor temperature .
 Remove excess clothing.
 Keep in cool place.
 Plenty fluid .
 Sponging.
 Take needed dose of PCM.
 Don’t give asprin.
 Consult doc. If!

17.  Headache
 Most headaches are treatable.
 If tension headache take cool shower.
 Consult doc. If !
 Gastric problems.
 If chronic take DIGENE/Gelusil .Rentac
/pantaprozole
 Timely food.
 Gastroenteritis.
 sufficient fluid & ORS.
 Take carbohydrates .
 Take PCM if pain.
 Avoid dairy products.

18. Oral problems
 Toothache
 Remove any food particle or anything lodge between
teeth.
 Take any pain killer. (avoid aspirin)
 Apply clove oil or benzocain containing antiseptic.
 Tooth loss.
 Gently hold the fallen tooth by top.
 Don’t touch the roots.
 Rinse the tooth gently (avoid running water)
 Try to replace tooth in socket.
 If you cant place in whole milk/your saliva/salt soln.

19.  Bleeding gum.
 Apply pressure using ice pack.
 Mouth rinse- pinch of salt in lukewarm water-
twice daily.
 Massage regularly .Avoid aspirin.
 Consult DENTIST if bleeding continue.

20. Poisoning
 Identify poison.
 Check for burning around mouth ,breathing difficulty.
 If unconscious position victim on one side.

21. Incidents
 Fainting
 Make him/her sit down or lie down.
 Position on back.
 Clear airway .
 Elevate feet loose collar or belt.
 Consult doc.
 Epilepsy. -assess
Make person safe.
Lie him/her on one side.
Don’t put anything in mouth.

22.  Anaphylaxis /allergic attack
 same as fainting, but if breathing difficulty sit up.
 asthma.
 Heart attack.