This presentation basically tells how the firm makes decisions in a competitive market. To make concepts here more understable, I have prepared graphs and mathematical equations.
The Cost Of Production - Dealing with Cost - Explicit and Implicit Cost - Eco...FaHaD .H. NooR
Economics #UCP
What is 'Production Cost'
Production cost refers to the cost incurred by a business when manufacturing a good or providing a service. Production costs include a variety of expenses including, but not limited to, labor, raw materials, consumable manufacturing supplies and general overhead. Additionally, any taxes levied by the government or royalties owed by natural resource extracting companies are also considered production costs.
BREAKING DOWN 'Production Cost'
Also referred to as the cost of production, production costs include expenditures relating to the manufacturing or creation of goods or services. For a cost to qualify as a production cost it must be directly tied to the generation of revenue for the company. Manufacturers experience product costs relating to both the materials required to create an item as well as the labor need to create it. Service industries experience production costs in regards to the labor required to provide the service as well as any materials costs involved in providing the aforementioned service.
In production, there are direct costs and indirect costs. For example, direct costs for manufacturing an automobile are materials such as the plastic and metal materials used as well as the labor required to produce the finished product. Indirect costs include overhead such as rent, administrative salaries or utility expenses.
Deriving Unit Costs for Product Pricing
To figure out the cost of production per unit, the cost of production is divided by the number of units produced. Once the cost per unit is determined, the information can be used to help develop an appropriate sales price for the completed item. In order to break even, the sales price must cover the cost per unit. Amounts above the cost per unit are often seen as profit while amounts below the cost per unit result in losses.
An indifference curve shows combinations of goods and services between which a consumer is indifferent
In other words, each combination on an indifference curve gives the consumer the same total satisfaction
An indifference curve is normally drawn as convex to the origin
This reflects the assumption of the law of diminishing marginal satisfaction / marginal utility
I.e. as we consume extra units of something, the extra utility falls, total utility rises at a diminishing rate
Combinations of products on an indifference curve further from the origin are assumed to give greater total utility
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The Cost Of Production - Dealing with Cost - Explicit and Implicit Cost - Eco...FaHaD .H. NooR
Economics #UCP
What is 'Production Cost'
Production cost refers to the cost incurred by a business when manufacturing a good or providing a service. Production costs include a variety of expenses including, but not limited to, labor, raw materials, consumable manufacturing supplies and general overhead. Additionally, any taxes levied by the government or royalties owed by natural resource extracting companies are also considered production costs.
BREAKING DOWN 'Production Cost'
Also referred to as the cost of production, production costs include expenditures relating to the manufacturing or creation of goods or services. For a cost to qualify as a production cost it must be directly tied to the generation of revenue for the company. Manufacturers experience product costs relating to both the materials required to create an item as well as the labor need to create it. Service industries experience production costs in regards to the labor required to provide the service as well as any materials costs involved in providing the aforementioned service.
In production, there are direct costs and indirect costs. For example, direct costs for manufacturing an automobile are materials such as the plastic and metal materials used as well as the labor required to produce the finished product. Indirect costs include overhead such as rent, administrative salaries or utility expenses.
Deriving Unit Costs for Product Pricing
To figure out the cost of production per unit, the cost of production is divided by the number of units produced. Once the cost per unit is determined, the information can be used to help develop an appropriate sales price for the completed item. In order to break even, the sales price must cover the cost per unit. Amounts above the cost per unit are often seen as profit while amounts below the cost per unit result in losses.
An indifference curve shows combinations of goods and services between which a consumer is indifferent
In other words, each combination on an indifference curve gives the consumer the same total satisfaction
An indifference curve is normally drawn as convex to the origin
This reflects the assumption of the law of diminishing marginal satisfaction / marginal utility
I.e. as we consume extra units of something, the extra utility falls, total utility rises at a diminishing rate
Combinations of products on an indifference curve further from the origin are assumed to give greater total utility
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
Students should be able to:
Understand the assumptions of perfect competition and be able to explain the behaviour of firms in this market structure.
Understand the significance of firms as price-takers in perfectly competitive markets. An understanding of the meaning of shut-down point is required. The impact of entry into and exit from the industry should be considered.
The interconnected characteristics of a market, such as the number and relative strength of buyers and sellers and degree of collusion among them, level and forms of competition, extent of product differentiation, and ease of entry into and exit from the market.Four basic types of market structure are (1) Perfect competition: many buyers and sellers, none being able to influence prices. (2) Oligopoly: several large sellers who have some control over the prices. (3) Monopoly: single seller with considerable control over supply and prices. (4) Monopsony: single buyer with considerable control over demand and prices.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
Yes of course, you can easily start mining pi network coin today and sell to legit pi vendors in the United States.
Here the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
#pi network #pi coins #legit #passive income
#US
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
10. Profit Maximization: Graphical Illustration COST AND REVENUE QUANTITY MC ATC P = AR = MR AVC P = MR 1 = MR 2 Q 2 Q MAX Q 1 0 MC 1 MC 2 The firm maximizes profit by producing the quantity at which marginal cost equals marginal revenue
11.
12. MARGINAL COST AS THE FIRM'S SUPPLY CURVE PRICE QUANTITY P 2 P 1 0 Q 1 Q 2 AVC ATC MC
13. THE COMPETITIVE FIRM'S SHORT-RUN SUPPLY CURVE MC ATC AVC COSTS QUANTITY Firm's shuts down if P ‹ AVC Firm's short-run supply curve
14.
15.
16. THE COMPETITIVE FIRM'S LONG-RUN SUPPLY CURVE MC ATC COSTS QUANTITY 0 Firms exits if P ‹ ATC Firm's long-run supply curve