The Earth's Hydrosphere
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The hydrosphere is the liquid water component of Earth, including oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and streams, which collectively cover about 70% of the planet's surface. It is composed primarily of oceans containing 96.5% of Earth's water, while the remaining 3.5% is fresh water found in ice, groundwater, and other sources. The hydrosphere plays a crucial role in regulating climate and provides habitat while also being essential to living organisms and human needs.
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The document discusses the hydrosphere and the global water cycle. It notes that the hydrosphere includes all water on, under, and over the surface of a planet. On Earth, the hydrosphere contains around 1,386 million cubic kilometers of water, with 97.5% being saline ocean water. It also describes the water cycle as the transfer of water between reservoirs like the atmosphere, oceans, lakes, ice caps, and soil. Around 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by water, with the oceans alone containing 96.5% of all water on the planet.
Earths water
This document discusses the distribution and movement of water on Earth. It begins by outlining several hypotheses for the origin of Earth's water, such as planetary cooling and volcanic activity. It then explains that 97% of the world's water is salt water in the oceans, 2% is frozen in ice caps and glaciers, 0.5% is non-consumable land water, and only 0.5% is freshwater available for human consumption. The document also describes the five major oceans - Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern - and discusses factors like salinity, depth, and location. Additionally, it provides details on groundwater and freshwater resources like rivers, lakes, and the water cycle.
Waters on earth
The document discusses the origin and distribution of water on Earth. Most of Earth's water (97%) is found in the oceans, while 2% is frozen in ice caps and glaciers. A small percentage (0.5%) of freshwater is available for human consumption on land. The oceans contain salt due to minerals like sodium and chloride that are deposited from rivers and precipitation over time. Oceanographers study various aspects of the oceans like biology, geology, chemistry, and physics. They conduct field research, collect data, analyze samples, and produce findings to increase understanding of ocean processes and conditions.
Sec 4 chapter 8 the biosphere -slideshare
The document summarizes key concepts about the biosphere, biochemical cycles, biomes, and aquatic biomes. It defines the biosphere as the layer of life around Earth that contains all living things. It describes major biochemical cycles like the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles that are essential for life. It then explains the characteristics and examples of different terrestrial biomes like tropical forests, grasslands, and tundra as well as aquatic biomes like lakes, rivers, wetlands, oceans, and coral reefs. Throughout, it emphasizes the interconnectedness of living and nonliving components of ecosystems.
Hydrosphere add By Muhammad Fahad Ansari 12IEEM14
The document discusses the structure and distribution of Earth's hydrosphere. It notes that 96.5% of water is found in oceans, with the remaining 3.5% being fresh water distributed between ice (1.762%), groundwater (1.7%), surface fresh water (0.014%), and the atmosphere and soil (0.002%). It also describes the locations of fresh water including rivers, streams, lakes, aquifers, and wetlands. Finally, it discusses the roles of the hydrosphere, cryosphere, and atmosphere in weathering land surfaces and influencing climate through ice ages and global warming.
oceanography: waterland, oceans and water, composition of ocean water
it is a short description about the water bodies, origin of ocean, types of ocean and the composition of ocean water. i hope it will help you.
Oceans: A Brief Introduction
The document provides an overview of key facts about oceans:
- Oceans cover 70.8% of the Earth's surface and have an average depth of 4,000 meters. The deepest point is in the Marianas Trench at 11,000 meters.
- The Pacific Ocean is the largest, covering 30.5% of the Earth's surface. Other major oceans are the Atlantic, Indian, and Southern oceans.
- Water has unique properties like existing in solid, liquid, and gas forms and having high heat capacity, which influence Earth's climate and ability to support life.
- Ocean depths are divided into zones like the continental shelf, pelagic zone, and abyssal zone that have different environmental conditions
Know about water desalination
Water is essential for life but only 2.5% of Earth's water is fresh water, while 97.5% is salt water in oceans. As populations increase, desalination of salt water emerges as a solution to provide more potable water. Desalination is a technique that removes excess salts from salt water or brackish water, converting it into safe drinking water. The desalination process produces both potable fresh water that has lower salt and mineral content, and brine with higher salt concentrations than the original salt water. Future desalination technologies will be needed to meet increasing global fresh water demands.
The hydrosphere
The document discusses the hydrosphere, which is the global mass of water on Earth that is continually circulating between oceans, atmosphere, and land. It notes that the oceans hold about 97% of the planet's water. Precipitation falls as rain, snow, hail or sleet and runs off into water sources or infiltrates the ground. Fresh water sources include surface water from precipitation and groundwater stored underground in aquifers and soil. The water table marks the top of saturated ground containing over 40 times as much water as all other freshwater sources combined. The document emphasizes the significance of water for civilization and public health.
Marine Biomes
Marine biomes make up the largest percentage of aquatic biomes on Earth and involve a medium to high percentage of salt in the water. They include oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. Coral reefs are usually found in shallow, warm waters and are important for controlling carbon dioxide levels and protecting coasts from strong currents. Estuaries involve both freshwater and salt water, protecting water quality while serving as centers of coastal communities. Marine biomes contribute substantially to global oxygen production and carbon dioxide absorption.
hydrosphere notes.ppt
The hydrosphere consists of all water on Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater and glaciers. 97.5% is salt water in oceans, while only 2.5% is freshwater. A watershed is an area of land where all water drains into the same larger body of water. Factors like topography, geology, climate, and vegetation influence water flow within watersheds. The oceans have varying temperatures, depths, seasons and latitudes that influence circulation. Pollution from chemicals, oil spills, and excess fertilizer degrades water quality and ecosystems.
Biotic & Abiotic Factors + Biomes (Grade 7)
Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment. Organisms are affected by biotic factors like other living things as well as abiotic factors like temperature, sunlight, and rocks that are non-living. A biome is a large geographic region defined by the plants and animals living there. There are two main types of biomes - terrestrial biomes like tropical forests, tundras, and deserts, as well as aquatic biomes including freshwater ecosystems like lakes and rivers, and marine ecosystems like coral reefs and oceans. Biomes provide habitat for many interconnected species but are threatened by human impacts like climate change and habitat destruction.
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The Earth's Hydrosphere
- 2. HYDROSPHERE is the liquid water component of the Earth. It includes the oceans, seas, lakes, ponds, rivers and streams. The hydrosphere covers about 70% of the surface of the Earth.
- 3. • Oceanographers – scientists who study the ocean • Salinity – term used to describe the amount of dissolved salts in ocean water.
- 4. THE STRUCTURE OF HYDROSPHERE • Oceans- 96.5% of water found here • Fresh water-3.5% of water found here • Fresh water distribution: Ice: 1.762% Groundwater: 1.7% Surface Fresh Water: 0.014% Atmosphere and soil: 0.002%
- 5. The Importance of Hydrosphere • Water is a part of living cells • Water provides a habitat • Regulating climate • Human needs
- 6. Ocean Floor
- 7. 5 MAJOR OCEANS OF THE WORLD • Atlantic ocean • Indian ocean • Pacific ocean – largest , deepest • Antarctic ocean • Arctic ocean