In this ppt lecture, the author has explained environmental chemistry, earth environment, and its components such as Atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and Bio or ecosphere. Read complete articles here https://themasterchemistry.com/earth-environment-and-its-spheres/

1. Environmental and it Components
That branch of chemistry that deals with the chemicals and
other pollutants in the environment is known as
environmental chemistry.
It is a very important branch of chemistry which deals with the following topics.
 Sources
 Reactions
 Transportation of chemicals
 Transportation of toxic substances Themasterchemistry.com

2. Relation of environmental chemistry with
other branches of science
Environmental chemistry is related with all other branches of
science. Some of these are as follows.
 Biology
 Physics
 Medical
 Agriculture
 Public health
 Sanitary engineering Themasterchemistry.com

3. Enviornment and its components
The environment is consisted of following components…
 Atmosphere
 Hydrosphere
 Lithosphere
 Biosphere or ecosphere
 Let us discuss all of these in detail…
Themasterchemistry.com

4. 1: Atmosphere
The layer of gases surrounding the
earth is known as atmosphere.
Themasterchemistry.com

5. Composition of atmosphere
Atmosphere is composed of various gases in different proportions.
For example..
 N2 78 %
 O2 21 %
 Ar 0.9 %
 CO2 0.03 %
 Trace amounts H2, O3, CH4, CO, He, Ne, Kr, Xe
 Others Water vapours
The atmosphere is about 1000 km thick above the surface of the earth. Half the mass of the
atmosphere is concentrated in the lower 5-6 km. Themasterchemistry.com

6. Radiation absorbed by atmosphere
Sunlight is consisted of variety of wavelengths. Some of the
wavelengths are very dangerous for plants and animals. Atmosphere
absorbs most of these cosmic radiations. It also absorbs harmful
electromagnetic radiations like UV rays.
Themasterchemistry.com

7. Which rays are not absorbed by the
atmosphere?
 Radiations from the sunlight whose wavelength lies between
1300- 2500 nm reach the eatth’s surface almost unabsorbed. The
range of this wavelengths includes..
 Near UV
 Visible
 Near Infrared
Themasterchemistry.com

8. Benefits of gases of atmosphere
Gases present in the atmosphere are essential to maintain the life on the earth.
 Some of the important benefits of theses gases are as follows.
 Oxygen is required for breathing
 Carbon dioxide is required for plant photosynthesis.
 Nitrogen is used by nitrogen-fixing bacteria to meet the demand for nitrogen
for plants.
 Water vapors are responsible for maintaining various forms of life on the
earth.
 Atmosphere maintains the hat balances of the earth. Themasterchemistry.com

9. 2: Hydrosphere
Hydrosphere is that part of the environment whch includes all water bodies.
It includes all water resources..
 Oceans
 Rivers
 Streams
 Lakes
 Polar ice caps
 Glaciers
 Ground water reservoirs
Themasterchemistry.com

10. Hydrosphere Continued
 Oceans contain 97 % of the earth’s water. It has a high salt content. This
water cannot be used for human consumptions due to the high percentage of
salt in it.
 Polar ice caps and glaciers are consisted of 2 % of the earth’s total supply.
 Fresh water includes surface water, Rivers, Lakes, streams and underground
water. It is only 1 % of the total water which is used for agriculture (69%),
industrial (23%) and domestic (8 %) purposes.
Themasterchemistry.com

11. 3: Lithosphere
The lithosphere is the component of the
environment which is consisted of the rigid rocky
crust of the earth.
 It makes most of the earth’s crust.
Themasterchemistry.com

12. Composition of Lithosphere
 Lithosphere has been composed of many elements present on the periodic table.
 99.5 % of mass of the lithosphere consists of the following elements.
 Oxygen 46.6 %
 Silicon 27.72 %
 Aluminum 8.13 %
 Iron 5 %
 Calcium 3.63 %
 Sodium 2.83 %
 Potassium 2.59 %
 Magnesium2.09 %
 Ti, H2, P Less than 1% Themasterchemistry.com

13. Trace elements in lithosphere
There are some trace elements present in the lithosphere. These trace elements range from 0/1 to 0.2
%.
All these trace elements do not exist in free state. Rather these elements are present in the form of
compounds as minerals. These compounds are crystalline in nature.
 Carbon Manganese
 Sulfur Barium
 Chlorine Chromium
 Fluorine Zirconium
 Nickle Strontium
 Vanadium
Themasterchemistry.com

14. 4: Biosphere or Ecosphere
The component of the environment that includes the region of the environment capable of supporting life is called
the biosphere.
 Biosphere consists of
 Lower atmosphere
 Oceans
 Rivers
 Lakes
 Soils
 Solid sediments
 It is also known as ecosphere because it is related to the interactions of communities of organisms with the
environment. This environment includes animals, plants, and microorganisms
Themasterchemistry.com