How do children develop speech comprehension. The relationship of speech, thought and comprehension.
The recognized cases of speech comprehension development with examples and explanation.
Language Production is one of the basic topic in Linguistics. This will help in acknowledging the basics.
Free Access:
https://dollarupload.com/dl/b21fd6
an introduction to psycholinguistics
chapter 1 How children learn language
21 slide of the first chapter explaining most important parts of the first chapter.
Language Production is one of the basic topic in Linguistics. This will help in acknowledging the basics.
Free Access:
https://dollarupload.com/dl/b21fd6
an introduction to psycholinguistics
chapter 1 How children learn language
21 slide of the first chapter explaining most important parts of the first chapter.
Sociolinguistics and Language TeachingSheng Nuesca
Language teaching is connected with sociolinguistics in many ways. Different social factors affect language teaching and language learning.
Social factors such as situation, context, and social setting that has roles in language teaching. It describes the main factors which influence linguistic choices and explains how well contemporary teaching can take account of them.
How People Learn
Today, the primary theory is socio-constructivist—in which knowledge is understood to be importantly shaped by the context in which it is situated, and is actively constructed through social negotiation with others. On this understanding, learning environments should be where:
• Constructive, self-regulated learning is fostered
• The learning is sensitive to the context
• It will often be collaborative
Theoretical concepts do not yield concrete prescriptions for classroom application, but the good theory can be used flexibly and creatively by teachers in their planning and educational practice. At the same time, not all learning takes place in the classroom as much of it occurs at home, on the sports field, in museums and so forth (non-formal education), and sometimes implicitly and effortlessly (informal learning).
12 Learning Theories:
• Constructivism
• Behaviorism
• Piaget's Developmental Theory
• Neuroscience
• Brain-Based Learning
• Learning Styles
• Multiple Intelligences
• Right Brain/Left Brain
• Thinking
• Communities of Practice
• Control Theory
• Observational Learning
• Vygotsky and Social Cognition
Introductory lecture on Corpus Linguistics. Contents: Corpus linguistics: past and present, What is a corpus?, Why use computers to study language? Corpus-based vs. Intuition-based approach, Theory vs. Methodology.
This lecture was based on McEnery et al. 2006. Corpus-based Language Studies. An Advanced resource book. Routlege.
Sociolinguistics and Language TeachingSheng Nuesca
Language teaching is connected with sociolinguistics in many ways. Different social factors affect language teaching and language learning.
Social factors such as situation, context, and social setting that has roles in language teaching. It describes the main factors which influence linguistic choices and explains how well contemporary teaching can take account of them.
How People Learn
Today, the primary theory is socio-constructivist—in which knowledge is understood to be importantly shaped by the context in which it is situated, and is actively constructed through social negotiation with others. On this understanding, learning environments should be where:
• Constructive, self-regulated learning is fostered
• The learning is sensitive to the context
• It will often be collaborative
Theoretical concepts do not yield concrete prescriptions for classroom application, but the good theory can be used flexibly and creatively by teachers in their planning and educational practice. At the same time, not all learning takes place in the classroom as much of it occurs at home, on the sports field, in museums and so forth (non-formal education), and sometimes implicitly and effortlessly (informal learning).
12 Learning Theories:
• Constructivism
• Behaviorism
• Piaget's Developmental Theory
• Neuroscience
• Brain-Based Learning
• Learning Styles
• Multiple Intelligences
• Right Brain/Left Brain
• Thinking
• Communities of Practice
• Control Theory
• Observational Learning
• Vygotsky and Social Cognition
Introductory lecture on Corpus Linguistics. Contents: Corpus linguistics: past and present, What is a corpus?, Why use computers to study language? Corpus-based vs. Intuition-based approach, Theory vs. Methodology.
This lecture was based on McEnery et al. 2006. Corpus-based Language Studies. An Advanced resource book. Routlege.
Learn more about how children learn to listen...what we can and should expect from infants and toddlers regarding their receptive language and listening skills...how we, as ADULTS, can engage young children so that they can most effectively listen and learn!
The Accuracy Order of English Grammatical Morphemes of Saudi EFL LearnersAbdul Aziz Assanosi
A paper presented at KSAALT TESOL Conference, Riyadh. Saudi Arabia. It addresses the morpheme acquisition order of Saudi EFL learners compared with the Natural Order Hypothesis by Stephen Krashen.
How to use Information and Communication Technology in learning English Language. The presentation reports the benefits of modern technologies and tools in learning along with suggestions for websites and software that may help. Some tips of how to use ICT in ELL are also included. The presentation is directed to students, however, teachers also may find it very interesting.
Analyzes the factors that affect Second Language Acquisition.
Compare the existence or the applicability of such factors in Children and adult.
Discuss both children and adult SLA.
some psycholinguistics concepts are presented: innatism, input and imitation.
Definition and characteristics of parentese (Motherese) and baby talk.
A thorough explanation of parentese with examples, questions and details.
A presentation to explain how students can write a (how-to) paragraph. It includes the keys to write a clear paragraph and the transitional signals that connect the steps or the instructions of doing something.
This presentation addresses the three parts of a well-organized paragraph i.e. the topic sentence, the supporting sentences, and the concluding sentence.
this presentation deals with the unity of paragraphs. Unity (oneness) is important in academic writing. The presentation presents the steps to make a paragraph relevant and about one topic.
A presentation about listing-order paragraphs and their structure. It define this type of paragraphs and present a simple guide on how to write a listing-order paragraph.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
The development of speech comprehension
1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH
COMPREHENSION
Abdulaziz Assanosi
6/1/2016 1
Prince Sattam ibn Abdulaziz University Saudi Arabia
2. REVIEW
• Children pass through many stages to develop
comprehensible speech? What are they?
• When do children normally utter their first (recognizable
proper word)?
• Describe the development of deaf children language.
• What is the approximate age for children to speak a
comprehensible sentences (include lexical and functional
words) 6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 2
3. GROUP WORK (BRAIN STORMING)
1. When do children start to understand speech?
2. What come first speech comprehension or production?
3. If a Saudi child born in japan for Saudi parents, what is the first word s/he
will utter? AR, or JPN?
4. What would his first language be?
5. If we keep saying (cat-room) for an Arabian child for Arabian family in
Arabian country , will he learn the meaning, and understand it?
6. 7 minutes to think, discuss and provide your answers
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 3
4. DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH COMPREHENSION
• In your opinion, what comes first (speech
production/comprehension?
• When do a child start to comprehend speech?
• Can children understand speech that they cannot utter?
• Is there a relationship between a language and its speed of
comprehension
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 4
5. BEFORE BIRTH
• Researchers found that fetuses can receive sounds.
• They can distinguish their mothers’ sounds over the
heartbeat and blood flow sounds.
• Their heartbeats became faster when they hear their
mother voice.
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 5
6. BEFORE BIRTH
• If this is true, it can explain why infants prefer their
mothers’ voice from very early age.
• This theory is under dispute,
• If fetuses can hear sounds, do their ears send these
sounds to the brain? Can brain process them?
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 6
7. BEFORE BIRTH
• Another theory is that infants get used to their mothers’ voice
in the 12 hours after birth.
• Mothers’ speech with her children gives children the first
human sounds that he will prefer later.
• If this so, fetuses hearing theory will be under more dispute.
• Even if fetuses hear, these sounds will be different from the
sounds they hear after birth.
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 7
8. CASES OF SPEECH COMPREHENSION DEVELOPMENT
• Speech comprehension happens without speech
production.
• Speech comprehension develops before speech
production.
• Speech production lags behind speech comprehension.
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 8
9. SPEECH COMPREHENSION HAPPEN WITHOUT SPEECH
PRODUCTION.
• The ability to utter speech is a good indicator to language
knowledge.
• The absence of utterance IS NOT indicator of to lack of
language knowledge.
• Mute children can comprehend language but they cannot
utter it.
• Some people may not be able to utter a word. But
understand language very well.
• Examples ……… 6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 9
10. SPEECH COMPREHENSION HAPPEN
WITHOUT SPEECH PRODUCTION.
• Christopher Nolan: (Australian)
• Born with brain damage. Cannot control his muscles.
Cannot utter understandable speech. Cannot sit up by
himself. But hear and understand well.
• Became a writer by using sticks to point to letters. Of his
books (Dam-burst of dreams).
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 10
11. SPEECH COMPREHENSION HAPPEN
WITHOUT SPEECH PRODUCTION.
• Ann McDonald (American)
• Had brain damage. Cannot speak or control hear muscles.
Trained to use print devices and wrote books about
philosophy of fine arts.
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 11
12. SPEECH COMPREHENSION HAPPEN
WITHOUT SPEECH PRODUCTION.
• Mute people can comprehend speech without producing
it.
• This is not the normal relation between speech
comprehension and production.
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 12
13. SPEECH COMPREHENSION DEVELOPS BEFORE SPEECH
PRODUCTION
• This is the normal pattern most children follow.
• First children understand speech they try to produce it.
• If children do not understand language, s/he cannot
produce it.
• This does not mean ALL the language, progress go step by
step.
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 13
14. SPEECH COMPREHENSION DEVELOPS BEFORE SPEECH
PRODUCTION
• Comprehension and production go in parallel.
• Children try to apply what they comprehend directly after
they acquire it.
•…comprehension
•…Production
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 14
15. SPEECH COMPREHENSION DEVELOPS BEFORE SPEECH
PRODUCTION
• Babies can recognize speech starting from 6 month of age.
• However, no evidences of UNDERSTANDING.
• After 8-9 month children start to connect speech to objects.
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 15
16. • Normally children COMPREHEND more than what they
PRODUCE.
• They can understand complex utterances but produce simple
ones.
• They respond to complex requests, order, information, but
they cannot produce similar ones
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 16
SPEECH PRODUCTION LAGS BEHIND SPEECH
COMPREHENSION.
17. SPEECH PRODUCTION LAGS BEHIND SPEECH
COMPREHENSION.
• Not normal: some children speak after a long time of their
comprehension.
• Usually those children DELAY at the HOLOPHRASTIC (one-word)
stage.
• If the child stop development until the age of two year, it is
better for his/her parents to take him to speech pathology
doctor. 6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 17
18. CHECKPOINT
• The theory about fetuses hearing is under dispute, why?
• What are 3 cases of speech comprehension development?
• The absence of utterance IS NOT indicator of to lack of language
knowledge, prove.
• When do children try to apply what they comprehend?
• When do normal children connect speech to objects?
• In what stage do children with speech problem stop development?
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 18
19. CHECKPOINT
• T or F
• Speech comprehension can happen without speech production.
• The absence of production doesn’t mean absence of language
knowledge.
• Children normally speak, then they start to comprehend.
• The optimal age for speech production is two years after
holophrastic stage.
• Children produce more than what they comprehend.
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 19
20. PAUCITY OF COMPREHENSION STUDIES
• Speech production studies and research are much more
than speech comprehension.
• We know more about speech production than speech
comprehension.
• Why:
• Speech production follow-up is easier.
• Speech production is directly observed.
• To study comprehension, more subjects need to be studied.6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 20
21. Speech Production <> Speech Comprehension <> thought
• There is a relationship between speech
comprehension/production and thought.
• Child first comprehend then speak.
• Comprehension = listening + thought.
• Without thought there is no production
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 21
22. Speech Production <> Speech Comprehension <> thought
production
hearing
comprehension
thought
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 22
23. Speech Production <> Speech Comprehension <> thought
• Sometimes children may utter words without
understanding, (echoed sounds).
• Children are born without language knowledge,
• It is necessary they be exposed to language to learn it.
• The speech directed to children should be related to
children environment, need etc.
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 23
24. Speech Production <> Speech Comprehension <> thought
• There should be meaning + context for children speech
to be considered language, parrots can imitate.
• Thought is important for language, without it, speech is
just MEANINGLESS SOUNDS.
• Thought come from surrounding culture, environment.
• If you repeat the word (milk) for Arabian child it means
nothing (the converse is true).
• Words like (here, go, come, now) are just sounds if you
don’t know the context.
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 24
25. TERMINUS
• Why do we know more about speech production than about
speech comprehension?
• Describe the relationship between production, thought and
speech comprehension?
• How should the speech directed to child be so as to make them
develop language?
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 25
26. THANK YOU
• This presentation is for classroom usage, it contained gaps to be
filled by classroom discussion for more detailed information
consult the reference book:
• An introduction to Psycholinguistics, second edition (2006)Danny
Steinberg and Natalia, Sciarini.
6/1/2016Abdulaziz Assanosi azizsanosi@gmail.com 26