The document provides information about the structure and function of the cell. It discusses the key components of the cell including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and microtubules. It also describes the functions of these various parts as well as cellular processes like passive and active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Interactive elements like diagrams and a post-test quiz are included to help students learn the material.

1. The Cell
Prepared by:
Mrs. Claudia Rodriguez

2. Instructions
 The themes on this module will be organized in
a main menu with links to each theme
 The navigation icons will be on the bottom of
each slide
Next slide
Previous slide
Main Menu

3. Objectives
At the end of this module the
students should be able to:
Know the functions of the cell.
Name and recognize each part of
the cell.

4. Main Menu
Reticulum
Plasma Membrane
I.
Smooth Endoplasmic
Functions IV.
I.
Reticulum
Components
II.
Golgi Apparatus
I. Integral Proteins V.
Lysosomes
II. Peripheral Proteins VI.
III. Cholesterol Peroxisomes
VII.
Movement Microtubules
III. VIII.
I. Passive Cilia
IX.
II. Active
Flagella
X.
III. Vesicular
Nucleus
IV.
Cytoplasm
II.
Diagram of the cell
V.
Cytosol
I.
Post Test
VI.
Organelles
III.
Glossary
VII.
Mitochondria
I.
References
VIII.
Ribosome
II.
Rough Endoplasmic
III.

5. Plasma Membrane
The plasma membrane is called
The Fluid Mosaic Model.
Composed of a double layer of
lipid molecules and proteins.
The lipid bi-layer has a hydrophilic
head and an hydrophobic head.
1/3

6. Plasma Membrane
Lipid bi-layer
2/3

7. Plasma Membrane
3/3

8. Functions of the Plasma
Membrane
Regulate passage of substances
in and out of the cell.
Flexible boundary that give shape
to cell and protection of extra
cellular content.
1/2

9. Functions of the Plasma
Membrane
Communicates with other body
cells, foreign cells.
Maintain a chemical and electrical
gradient between the inside and
the outside of the cell.
2/2

10. Integral Proteins
Proteins that extend across the
lipid bi-layer that move
substances from one side of the
membrane to the other.
Integral Proteins

11. Peripheral Proteins
Proteins that attach to the inner or
outer surfaces of the membrane
to support the membrane.
Peripheral Protein

12. Cholesterol
It strengthens the plasma
membrane but decreases its
flexibility.
Cholesterol

13. Passive Movement
Substances move across the
membrane without the use of
ATP.
They move from high
concentration to low
concentration to reach
equilibrium.

14. Active Movement
Substances move across the
membrane with the use of ATP.
It moves substances against their
concentration gradient.

15. Vesicular Transport
Vesicles that transport large
particles into the cell by
endocytosis or outside of the cell
by exocytosis.
Incoming vesicle

16. Cytoplasm
Cellular material located between
the nucleus and the plasma
membrane.
Site for most cellular activities.
Where the organelles are located.

17. Cytosol
 Watery substance in the cytoplasm
that contains proteins, salts, sugars
and other solutes.

18. Organelles
Metabolic machinery of the cell.
Each organelle carries out an
specific function to maintain life of
the cell.

19. Mitochondria
Power plant of the cell, provides
the ATP to cell.
It has two membranes. The
outside membrane is smooth and
the inner membrane folds inward,
called cristae.
1/2

20. Mitochondria
Cristae
Outside membrane
2/2

21. Ribosome’s
Organelle where proteins are
produced.
Free ribosome's float in the
cytoplasm and produce proteins
for use inside of the cell.
1/3

22. Ribosome’s
Attached ribosome's attach to the
endoplasmic reticulum & are
involved in the production of
proteins to be exported from the
cell.
2/3

23. Ribosomes
Attached Ribosome’s
Free Ribosome’s
3/3

24. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
with Ribosome’s.
Attached
Manufacture all the proteins
secreted from the cell.
Synthesize and package all the
molecules that will be secreted
from the cell.
1/3

25. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Createsall the integral proteins
and phospholipids that form the
plasma membrane.
2/3

26. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
3/3

27. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
They catalyze reactions involved
with: synthesis of steroids;
detoxification of drugs, alcohol,
pesticides, and carcinogens;
absorption, synthesis, and
transport of fats.
1/3

28. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Continuation of the Rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Has no attached ribosome’s.
2/3

29. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
3/3

30. Golgi Apparatus
Processes, sorts, packages, and
delivers proteins and lipids to the
plasma membrane.
Form lysosomes and secretory
vesicles.
1/2

31. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
2/2

32. Lysosomes
 Cells demolition crew.
 Sacs formed in the Golgi apparatus that
contain enzymes.
 Disarms ingested bacteria, viruses, and
toxins.
1/3

33. Lysosomes
 Degrades worn-out or non functioning
organelles.
 Break down non-useful tissue and
glycogen.
Lysosomes
2/3

34. Lysosomes
3/3

35. Peroxisomes
Disarm highly reactive chemicals
with unpaired electrons that can
have devastating effects on the
cell.
Peroxisomes

36. Microtubules
Hollow tubes that determine the
overall shape of the cell
Move organelles around
Microtubules

37. Cilia
Hair
like cellular extensions that
move substances in one direction
Cilia

38. Flagella
Long projections that moves the
cell and not substances.

39. Nucleus
 Containhereditary unit of the cell
(genes) & genetic code (DNA).
the activity of the cell.
 Controls
 Has a membrane of its own called
nuclear envelope, that separates the
nucleus from the cytoplasm.
1/2

40. Nucleus
Nuclear Envelope
Nucleus
2/2

41. Parts of The Cell
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Plasma Membrane
Ribosome
Lysosome
Rough ER
Peroxisomes
Smooth ER
Golgi Apparatus
Microtubules
Cilia

42. Post Test
 Read each question and choose the best
answer
 Click on the desired letter
Go back to answered question

43. What is the purpose of the
plasma membrane?
A
Protection
B Control center
C Waste removal
D Create energy
1/10

44. Which of the following is the
control center of the cell?
A Cytoplasm
B Plasma membrane
C Nucleus
D Golgi Apparatus
2/10

45. Which of the following is the
cells demolition crew?
A Cilia
B Plasma membrane
C Lysosomes
D Golgi Apparatus
3/10

46. A long projection that moves the
cell Around.
A Cilia
B Flagella
C Lysosomes
D Golgi Apparatus
4/10

47. Which is of the following is the
power plant of the cell?
A
Mitochondria
B Ribosome's
C Lysosomes
D Nucleus
5/10

48. The Ribosome’s are involved in
the production of proteins?
A True
B False
6/10

49. The Nucleus is also called the
Fluid Mosaic Model?
A True
B False
7/10

50. Which of the following disarm
highly reactive chemicals that may
harm the cell ?
A
Mitochondria
B Ribosome's
C Lysosomes
D Peroxisomes
8/10

51. __ determine the overall shape
of the cell.
A
Microtubules
B Cilia
C Flagella
D Nucleus
9/10

52. Which of the following form
lysosomes and vesicles ?
A
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
B Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
C Golgi Apparatus
D Plasma Membrane
10/10

53. 

54. 

55. Glossary
ATP: Adenosine Tri-phosphate, energy
molecule
Endocytosis: Going into the cell
Exocytosis: Going out of the cell
Hydrophilic: Water loving
Hydrophobic: Water hating

56. References
Seeley, R. R., Stephens, T. D., & Tate,
P. (2005). Essentials of Anatomy &
Physiology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Marieb, E. N. (2001). Human Anatomy
& Physiology. New York: Benjamin
Cummings.