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PS 240 Liberalism Spring 2015
The document discusses the principles of liberalism, including the concept of possessive individualism, which emphasizes personal freedom and voluntary market relations. It outlines key elements of liberal philosophy such as equality, liberty, individuality, and rationality while contrasting neoclassical and welfare liberalism. The text also addresses the economic implications of liberalism, particularly the role of government in relation to market failures and the distribution of resources.
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PS 240 Liberalism Spring 2015
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- 9. The world isa living world…
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- 17. Logical Positivism Leads tothe Mechanistic Worldview
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- 28. The Liberal conceptof agency is based on the theory of possessive individualism
- 29. Possessive Individualism 1. Whatmakes one human is freedom from dependence on the wills of others. 2. Freedom from dependence on others means freedom from any relations with others except those relations which the individual enters voluntarily with a view to his own interest. 3. The individual is essentially the proprietor of his or her own person and capacities, for which he or she owes nothing to society. 4. Although an individual cannot alienate the whole of his property in his own person, he may alienate his capacity to labor. 5. Human society consists of a series of market relations – Since the individual is human only in so far as free, and free only in so far as proprietor of him- or herself, human society can only be a series of relations between sole proprietors, i.e., a series of market relations. 6. Since freedom from the wills of others is what makes one human, each individual’s freedom can rightfully be limited only by such obligations and rules as are necessary to secure the same freedom for others. 7. Political society is a human contrivance for the protection of the individual’s property in his person and goods, and (therefore) for the maintenance of orderly relations of exchange between individuals regarded as proprietors of themselves. (C. B. Macpherson, The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism)
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- 31. Four Elements ofLiberal Philosophy Equality Liberty Individuality Rationality
- 32. Four Elements ofLiberal Philosophy Equality Liberty Individuality Rationality
- 33. Equality of Opportunity vs. Equalityof Outcome
- 34. Four Elements ofLiberal Philosophy Equality Liberty Individuality Rationality
- 35. Four Elements ofLiberal Philosophy Equality Liberty Individuality Rationality
- 36. Four Elements ofLiberal Philosophy Equality Liberty Individuality Rationality
- 37. Four Elements ofLiberal Philosophy Equality Liberty Individuality Rationality
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- 40. Why a free-market economyis important…
- 41. The Pursuit ofThe Good
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- 43. strict distinction betweenthe state and civil society
- 44. ambivalence about the benefitsof democracy
- 45. Government is BAD! Governmentis GREAT!
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- 48. The Principle of UtilityMaximization
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- 50. 50 Government should ameliorate theeffects of utility maximization (cc) 2008 Flickr user gruntzooki
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- 52. 52 Government should leave people alone. (cc)2007 Flickr user afroboof
- 53. 53 Increase democratic participation (cc) 2008Flickr user Edward DC
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- 55. Defend and Extend individualliberty
- 56. 56 (cc) 2008 Flickruser jukebox 909
- 58. Harm Principle Every saneadult should be free to do whatever he or she wants as long as his or her actions do not harm, or threaten to harm, others.
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- 60. Pragmatic Utility Society, asa whole, will benefit if people are allowed to think and act freely.
- 61. Representative democracy only forthe educated, wealthy?
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- 74. Option #1: Money canbe divided up such that 20% of us will get 82.7% of the income and property, 20% will get 11.7% of income and property, 20% will get 2.3% of income, 20% will get 1.9%, and the last 20% will get 1.4%.
- 75. Option #2: Divide itup such that everyone gets an equal share of the wealth and property, regardless of job or status. (Each group will get 20% of income, divided equally).
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- 77. 77 The Veil of Ignorance (cc)2008 Flickr user left-hand
- 78. 78 The Original Position (cc)2008 Flickr user Tostie14
- 79. The Original Position Non-presocialliberal ideas that, if consensually held, would lead everyone to accept the equal liberty and difference principles as the basis for mutually beneficial social cooperation.
- 80. 4 Ideas of TheOriginal Position
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- 88. Equal Liberty Principle Thestate must provide the most extensive system of equal liberties that is feasible and desirable. All individuals must enjoy the greatest degree of liberty consistent with the enjoyment of like liberty by everyone else.
- 89. Difference Principle Primary socialgoods are to be distributed equally unless an unequal distribution would improve the welfare of the least well-off in society.
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- 95. The problem of marketfailures and inefficiencies
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- 97. The many benefitsof capitalism are offset by certain problems: • Complete market freedom results in various types of market failures. • Monopolies which undermine competition & lead to concentrated power. • Business cycles which create economic inefficiency and insecurity.
- 98. The many benefitsof capitalism are offset by certain problems: • Capitalism creates externalities which harm the broader public. • Pure Market Systems unable to provide many public goods. • Wealth isn’t distributed to everyone.
- 99. Methods of Stimulatingthe Economy
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- 102. “Priming the Pump” + The“Multiplier Effect”
- 103. Three ways todeal with deficits: • Grow your way out of it – as incomes rise, taxes rise as people move up through the tax brackets. • Increase income taxes on the wealthy, create luxury taxes, etc. • Reduce government spending in specific areas where it is no longer needed.
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