PowerPoint developed and used by TA Andrew Martin for a lecture on Civil Liberties for PS 101 American Government at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007.
PowerPoint developed and used by TA Andrew Martin for a lecture on Civil Liberties for PS 101 American Government at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007.
PowerPoint developed and used by TA Michael Fix for a lecture on Civil Rights for PS 101 American Government at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007.
Slideshow prepared for a lecture on Civil Liberties for PS 101 American Government at the University of Kentucky, Fall 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
PowerPoint developed and used by TA Michael Fix for a lecture on Civil Rights for PS 101 American Government at the University of Kentucky, Spring 2007.
Slideshow prepared for a lecture on Civil Liberties for PS 101 American Government at the University of Kentucky, Fall 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Lecturer.
Protection of human rights defenders : Legislation national-policies_defender...ProtectionInternational
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In recent years several governments have developed specific national mechanisms to protect defenders, all of them in countries seriously lacking in protection for human rights defenders. These mechanisms (laws, action policies, offices) have been established under pressure from (and with the cooperation of) national and international human rights organisations, with essential legal support from the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders.
At Protection International, this development has led us to study these national initiatives: what are they and what do they consist of? How did they come about, how do they work and what is their impact on the protection of defenders? We set up a study group (made up of protection lawyers and experts) and carried out a large number of interviews with men and women defenders as well as government officials in 16 countries on three continents1. We also embarked on a process of compiling and analysing legal enforcement instruments at the national level (while examining existing universal and regional ones). During the study we only found national non-governmental initiatives of this type in Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru (Central and South America), in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (Africa) and Nepal (Asia). While there may be several organizations working on protection-related matters and making important contributions, only Guatemala (UDEFUGUA), Uganda (EHAHRDP) and Colombia (Somos Defensores Programme) have three defender units specifically set up by civil society. They are pioneers in the field and together with the Protection Desks established by PI5 and supporting organizations (such as Peace Brigades International), are among those civil society groups whose sole mission is the protection of defenders on the ground.
Protection International Research and training unit
Research and text by MarÃa MartÃn Quintana and Enrique Eguren FernÃĄndez
Protection of human rights defenders: Best practices and lessons learnt
Volume I: Legislation, national policies and defendersâ units
Protection International, 2009, 140 pages
Among all the religions in Nigeria, Islam and Christianity record large numbers of adherents and the countryâs politics is almost based on the two religious divides. This paper examines two religious bodies; the Nigeria Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs (NSCIA) and the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) established to regulate the activities of Muslims and Christians respectively in the country. The works finds out that both religious bodies take active part in state politics and have struggled for self-relevance and acknowledgement whenever issues of national concerns arise. The struggle began in the 1970s and 1980s when Muslims advanced for the incorporation of the Islamic law into the Nigerian constitution on the ground that the nation has since her inception been governed by Christian law in the guise of British constitution. The result has been religious tension and violence. The work therefore recommends collaboration of the two religious bodies following their aims and objectives to assist the government in fostering peace, progress and development of the country.
Classification of States depending on their head, the origins of power and the way of holding it, the role of government in economy and the levels of organization
The Philippine Bill of Rights: Civil Rightsbrianbelen
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Lecture slides for an undergraduate class on Philippine Politics and Governance I taught between 2003 and 2005.
This is the first of two slides dealing with the Bill of Rights enshrined in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. The slides specifically cover civil rights.
These slides were prepared using Powerpoint XP.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
http://brianbelen.blogspot.com
http://brianbelen.wordpress.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using âinvisibleâ attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Hanâs Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insiderâs LMA Course, this piece examines the courseâs effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
3. FIRST AMENDMENT FREEDOMS
īĄ Founders of US believed in
protecting individual rights,
providing for safety and
well being of citizens
īĄ Bill of Rights places limits
on powers of govât.
īĄ Protects civil liberties
īĄ Five basic freedoms
protected in 1st
Amendment: speech,
religion, assembly, press
and to petition the
government
4. FIRST AMENDMENT FREEDOMS
Freedom of Religion
ī The U.S. has freedom
of religion, first
colonists came to the
U.S. from religious
persecution
ī Prohibits govât from
establishing official
religion in US
ī Freedom of Religion
allows Americans to
practice any faith as
they wish
5. FIRST AMENDMENT FREEDOMS
Freedom of Speech
īĄ First amendment guarantees
that we can say whatever we
want without govât persecution
ī§ Internet communication, art,
music clothing interpreted by
Supreme Court as speech
īĄ 1969: Supreme Court declared
armbands a form of speech
īĄ Allowed students to protest the
Vietnam War by wearing black
armbands (Tinker vs. Des
Moines Independent
Community School District,
1965)
6. FIRST AMENDMENT FREEDOMS
Freedom of the Press
Freedom of the press
allows books, newspapers,
magazines, radio, TV, and
computer networks to print
and broadcast anything
without fear of censorship
by the govât
This allows the U.S. to have
a wide variety of beliefs
and ideas
7. FIRST AMENDMENT FREEDOMS
Freedom of Assembly
ī§ Right to gather in groups for any reason
as long as the assemblies are peaceful
ī§ Right to form and join social clubs,
political parties, labor unions, and other
organizations
Freedom to Petition
īĄ Right to express your ideas to the
government, do they always respond?
8. LIMITS ON THE FIRST AMENDMENT
Security Comes First
īĄ Supreme Cour t has decided safety and security of
Americans justify limitations
īĄ The 1st Amendment never intended to allow Americans to
do whatever they please, the nation and its communities
come before the rights of the individual
īĄ You do not have freedom to
ī§ provoke a riot or violent behavior
ī§ speak or write in a way that leads to criminal activities
ī§ overthrow government
ī§ cannot interfere with the rights of others
īĄ You may criticize g ov ât of ficials but you may not spread
lies that harm that per so nâs reputation
ī§ Slander is spoken and libel is printed
9. OTHER GUARANTEES IN THE BILL OF
RIGHTS
Second Amendment
Gives us the right to âbear armsâ
īĄ Debate over what it means;
ī§ Some argue its only for states to maintain âa well
regulated militiaâ allowing the members to carry
arms
ī§Others say it guarantees the right for all citizens to
âkeep and bear armsâ without govât interference
īĄ Cour ts have ruled that the govât can pass laws to
control but not prevent firearm possession
10. OTHER GUARANTEES IN THE BILL OF
RIGHTS
Third Amendment
ī Housing and feeding troops was one cause of American
Revolution
ī Says that in peacetime, soldiers may not be housed in
private homes without consent of the homeowner
ī During war, it must be authorized by government
11. OTHER GUARANTEES IN THE BILL OF
RIGHTS
Protecting the Rights of the Accused
īĄ The right to fair legal treatment protected by the
Bill of Rights
īĄ 4th, 5th and 6th Amendments
īĄ The Fourth Amendment
ī§Protects against unreasonable searches and
seizure, govât and police cannot search your
home or take your property without good cause
ī§Police can ask a judge to issue a search warrant
if they believe that you have committed a crime
which gives them the right to search your
property
12. OTHER GUARANTEES IN THE BILL OF
RIGHTS
The Fif th Amendment
īĄ Protects rights of the
accused
īĄ Cannot be put on trial for
serious federal crime
without and indictment from
a grand jury
īĄ Protects people from double
jeopardy, accused of a crime
and found not guilty may not
be put on trial again for the
same crime
13. OTHER GUARANTEES IN THE BILL OF
RIGHTS
ī§ Protects accused personâs right
to remain silent, against self-incrimination,
(testifying
against yourself)
ī§ May not be denied life, liberty,
or property without due process
of law (following legal
procedures)
ī§ Protects citizensâ property
rights by limiting the govâts
power of eminent domain: (right
of the govât to take private
property for public use)
14. OTHER GUARANTEES IN THE BILL
OF RIGHTS
The Sixth Amendment
Gives due process to people accused
of crimes, it requires that :
ī§ Person must be told of the charges
ī§ It guarantees them trial by jury
ī§ A speedy and public trial,
ī§ Right to hear and question
witnesses, call witnesses in their
defense
ī§ Have an attorney even if they cannot
afford one
ī§ Supreme Court ruled after
amendment written that the govât
must pay for attorney
ī§ Gideon v Wainwright
15. OTHER GUARANTEES IN THE BILL OF
RIGHTS
The Eighth Amendment
īĄ prohibits excessive bail
īĄ Bail- sum of money used as
a deposit before a trial in
order to get out of prison
īĄ If the accused appears for
cour t then bail is returned,
if not it is for feited
īĄ Forbids excessive fines for
people convicted of crimes
and cruel and unusual
punishment
16. OTHER GUARANTEES IN THE BILL OF
RIGHTS
Seventh Amendment
īĄ Concerns civil cases (disagreements between
individuals)
īĄ Right to jury trial in cases that involve more than
$20
īĄ Does not require jury trial
īĄ Judge can decide case
17. OTHER GUARANTEES IN THE BILL OF
RIGHTS
Ninth Amendment
īŧSays that citizens have other rights beyond
those listed in the Constitution, protects our
right to privacy
īŧ Protects medical records, freedom from govât
interference in our personal affairs
īŧThese unwritten rights may not be taken away
18. OTHER GUARANTEES IN THE BILL OF
RIGHTS
Tenth Amendment
ī§ Any powers not specifically given to the national govât are
reserved to the states or the people
ī§ Education, Marriage, and Slavery are such issues
ī§ Prevents Congress and the President from becoming too
strong
19. EXTENDING THE BILL OF RIGHTS
īĄ For many years af ter the passage of the Bi l l of Rights, state
and local g ov â t s were not bound by its terms and some
states passed laws that violated civi l l iber ties
īĄ The 13th, 14th, 15th, Amendments known as the Civi l War
Amendments made states responsible for protecting civi l
l iber ties
īĄ Other amendments were also responsible for extending the
Bi l l of Rights to other citizens through voting
20. EXTENDING THE BILL OF RIGHTS
īĄ 13th: of ficially outlawed slavery in the United States
and this freed thousands of African Americans
īĄ Outlawed forced labor except as punishment
21. EXTENDING THE BILL OF RIGHTS
īĄ 14TH Amendment (1868)
ī§Passed to prevent southern states from keeping
African Americans from holding jobs, denying them
property , and other restrictions
ī§ Every state must grant its citizens âequal protection
of the lawsâ
ī§ Defines a U.S. citizen as anyone âborn or naturalized
in the U.S.â
22. EXTENDING THE BILL OF RIGHTS
īĄ The intent of the 14th Amendment was to make the Bi l l of
Rights binding for state AND national g ovâ t (nationalization of
Bi l l of Rights)
īĄ Ignored unti l 1925 when the Supreme Cour t ruled in Gitlow v.
New York that the 14th Amendment appl ies to free speech
īĄ Af ter this case Supreme Cour t interpreted that al l of the Bi l l
of Rights appl ied to the states and federal government
23. EXTENDING THE BILL OF RIGHTS
īĄ15th Amendment (1870)
ī§ Says that no state may take
away a personâs voting rights
on the basis of race, color, or
previous enslavement
ī§ This amendment was aimed
to give suffrage to African
Americans but southern
states still found ways
around it
ī§Did not apply to women
24. EXTENDING THE BILL OF RIGHTS
ī§ 17th Amendment (1913)
ī§ Allows voters to elect their
senators directly instead of the
previous system where state
legislatures had elected them
īĄGave people greater voice in
govât
īĄ19th Amendment (1920)
ī§Gave women the right to vote
in all national and state
elections
25. EXTENDING THE BILL OF RIGHTS
īĄ The 23rd Amendment (1961)
ī§ Allows the residents of Washington D.C. to vote for
president and vice president
ī§ The 24th Amendment (1964)
ī§ Made poll taxes illegal in national and state elections;
this prevented some southern states from keeping poor
citizens from voting
ī§ The 26th Amendment (1971)
ī§ Sets the voting age at 18, this allowed teens who were
fighting for the army to be able to vote
ī§ This was done while America was involved in the
Vietnam Conflict
26. THE CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE
īĄ Post Civil War, African
Americans faced discrimination
ī§ Discrimination â unfair
treatment based on prejudice
against a certain group
īĄ South had âJim Crowâ laws
ī§ Separation in pubic places
īĄ Segregation
ī§ Legal separation of the races
īĄ Civil Rights were needed
ī§ The rights of full citizenship
and equality under the law
27. THE CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE
īĄ African Americans seen as âsecond -class citizensâ
īĄ National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP) established in 1909 by African
Americans and whites
ī§ Worked through courts to challenge laws and customs
īĄ 1910 the National Urban League founded
ī§ To aid in finding jobs and getting ahead in life
īĄ 1950âS and 1960âs Civil Rights Movement gradually
developed from these and other groups and other
involved people
ī§ Millions supported the movement
28. THE CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE
īĄ1948 â Truman ordered end to
segregation in armed forces
īĄ1954 â Brown v. Board of Education
of Topeka, Kansas
ī§ Argued segregated public schools
unconstitutional
ī§ Segregation violated Amendment XIVâs principle
of equal protection under the law
īĄ1950s â Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
became one of the main leaders of
the civil rights movement.
ī§ Baptist minister, great orator
ī§ Believed in nonviolent resistance
ī§ Helped organize marches, boycotts, and
demonstrations
29. THE CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE
īĄ1960 Sit-in movement begins in
Greensboro, NC
īĄ Spreads across the south and it
becomes an ef fective mass
movement.
īĄApril 1960 Southern Black
students formed the Student Non-
Violent coordinating Committee
(SNCC).Organized voter
registration drives across the
south
ī§ Often at odds with NAACP and MLK
because they wanted more immediate
change
30. THE CIVIL RIGHT STRUGGLE
īĄ Integrating Southern universities.
ī§Kennedy forced to send in 3000
troops.
īĄSpring 1963 King begins a
campaign against discrimination in
Birmingham, AL
īĄPolice reaction
ī§Attacked protesters with dogs and
fire hoses
ī§All seen on TVs across the country
īĄ June 11, 1963 Kennedy responds.
ī§Calls for new Civil Rights
legislation
ī§Calls problem a moral issue
31. THE CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE
īĄ 1960s
īĄ âFreedom Ridersâ
ī§ Freedom Riders tried to end segregation
in facilities serving bus passengers
ī§ After violent incidents federal marshals
were sent to protect Freedom Riders
Civil Rights Act of 1964
ī§ Passed by Congress
ī§ Prohibited discrimination in public
facilities, employment, education, voter
registration.
ī§ Banned discrimination by race, color,
gender, religion, and national origin
32. THE CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE
īĄ1964 voting rights becomes the main goal of
civil rights movement.
īĄPassage of 24th Amendment
ī§ outlawed poll taxes
īĄFreedom Summer of 1964 was a massive
voter registration drive in Mississippi
ī§ Three civil rights workers were murdered
ī§ MLK resumed voter registration drive in AL, âMarch to
Selmaâ
īĄ Voting Rights Act of 1965.
ī§ Did away with literacy requirements to vote
ī§ Johnson sends in federal officials to oversee voter
registration.
īĄOver the next 25 years totally transforms the
south because blacks are voting.
33. THE CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE
īĄ Many gains since the 1960s civil rights movement for all
minorities
īĄ 1970s â af firmative action programs
ī§ Encouraged the hiring and promoting of minorities and
women in fields that were traditionally closed to them.
ī§ Colleges also practiced this.
īĄ Af firmative Action controversial from the beginning
ī§ Some saw it as reverse discrimination
īĄ Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) â Supreme Cour t struck down a
point-based system at the U of MI to give more points to
minority applicants
īĄ People still face workplace discrimination, racial
profiling, hate crimes