The document summarizes the 27 amendments to the U.S. Constitution. It outlines the key rights and freedoms protected by the first ten amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, including freedoms of speech, religion, press, and the rights to bear arms, fair trial, and privacy. It also describes amendments that ended slavery, guaranteed voting rights regardless of race or ability to pay taxes, established income tax, popular election of Senators, ended Prohibition, granted women's suffrage, and more.

1. Amending the U.S. Constitution Objective 2.04

2. Bill of Rights 1 st 10 Amendments to the U.S. Constitution Objective 1.07

3. Amendment I Freedoms of: R: Religion A: Assembly P: Petition P: Press S: Speech

4. Limits Freedom of Speech Cannot provoke riots Cannot speak or write in a way that immediately leads to criminal activity or efforts to overthrow the government Cannot spread lies to hurt ones reputation Slander: spoken lies Libel: printed lies

5. Limits on Freedom of Religion Government Establishment Clause – government may not establish an official religion Free Exercise Clause – government may not prohibit people from exercising (practicing) their religion People May not break laws with religion

6. Amendment II Right to bear arms: own firearms Right to a state militia (We now call the militia the National Guard)

7. Amendment III No quartering (providing food and shelter) of troops during peacetime, and only with authorization of Congress during war.

8. Amendment IV No illegal search and seizure (the searching and taking of items) Search warrant must be provided, unless probable cause is evident

9. Amendment V 1. Cannot be put on trial for a crime w/o a formal charge by a grand jury. 2. Protection from double jeopardy, being put on trial for the same charge twice. 3. Right to remain silent (plead the 5 th ), cannot be forced to perform self-incrimination (testify against themselves) 4. May not be denied “life, liberty, or property” w/o due process (following established legal procedures) 5. Limits powers of eminent domain, the right of the government to take private property for public use

10. Amendment VI Right to speedy and public trial by jury in a criminal case Right to an attorney

11. Amendment VII Right to trial by jury in a civil case (when a person sues another)

12. Amendment VIII Prohibits: Excessive bails and fines Cruel and unusual punishment

13. Amendment IX Any rights not listed are still protected Example: privacy, government interference with our personal lives

14. Amendment X Any powers not listed in the Constitution are reserved for the states.

15. 11 th Amendment (1795) Limits suits brought against states Citizens of one state cannot bring a lawsuit against another state

16. 12 th Amendment (1804) Electoral College must vote for President and V.P. separately No more 1 st and 2 nd place winners

17. 13 th Amendment (1865) Bans slavery and forced labor NOT the same as the Emancipation Proclamation!

18. 14 th Amendment (1868) Declared all former slaves to be U.S. citizens Guaranteed equal rights to ALL citizens

19. 15 th Amendment (1870) Stated that race cannot be used to deny voting rights, in other words, African Americans were given the right to vote

20. Amendments 13-15 are known as the Civil War Amendments.

21. 16 th Amendment (1895) Gives the authority for the federal government to collect income taxes

22. 17 th Amendment (1913) The people, instead of state legislators, elect their Senators

23. 18 th Amendment (1919) Prohibition was established—banning the sale, consumption, and production of alcohol X

24. 19 th Amendment (1920) Granted women suffrage (the right to vote)

25. 20 th Amendment (1933) Set new date for Congress to begin its term (Jan. 3 rd ) and for the inauguration of the President and V.P. (Jan. 20 th )

26. 21 st Amendment (1933) Repealed (got rid of) the prohibition of alcohol

27. 22 nd Amendment (1951) Limits president to only serving 2 terms

28. 23 rd Amendment (1961) Gave residents of Washington D.C. votes in the Electoral College

29. 24 th Amendment (1964) Prohibits poll taxes so that even the poor can vote

30. 25 th Amendment (1967) Defines the succession of the president How a new V.P. is named if the president dies

31. 26 th Amendment (1971) Lowered the voting age to 18

32. 27 th Amendment (1992) Members of Congress cannot get pay raises until the beginning of a new term Took 74,003 days to pass!