James Madison drafted the Bill of Rights in 1791, adding 10 amendments to the Constitution that guarantee key freedoms like religion, speech, press, petition, and assembly. The amendments protect citizens from unreasonable search and seizure and self-incrimination, ensure due process of law, and the right to a fair and speedy trial.

2. • James Madison, who
helped write the
Constitution, drafted a
“Bill of Rights.”
• In 1791, 10 Amendments –
the BOR - were added
to the Constitution.
James Madison

3. • Guarantees five major
freedoms:
• Religion
• Press
• Speech
• Petition
• assembly

4. • Citizens have the right to bear arms,
and states have the right to form
militias.

5. • Soldiers cannot be
quartered (kept) in
private homes without
permission.

6. • Freedom from
search and
seizure
(something
being taken)...
• Search
warrants have
to be based on
probable
cause.

7. • No “double
jeopardy”,
self-incrimination,
or taking away
due process.
• The government
cannot take away
your stuff (eminent domain) without
compensating you.

8. • Right to a public
and speedy trial
by an impartial
jury.
• Right to know what
you’ve been
charged with.
• Right to confront
witnesses.
• Right to an attorney.

9. Right to a jury in civil
lawsuits.

10. • No cruel or
unusual
punishments
for crimes.

11. • It’s impossible to create a list of
everything you are entitled / have a
right to.
• Meaning: the
Constitution
provides a
floor, but not
a ceiling for
your rights.

12. Powers reserved to
the states and the
people.