The document outlines various verbal and non-verbal signs that may indicate deception. It discusses body language cues like avoidance of eye contact, fidgeting, and restricted movement. It also notes timing discrepancies in emotional gestures compared to speech. Signs in speech include fast or fluctuating pitch, long pauses, lack of specifics, and overcompensation by providing events in chronological order. The content and context of statements can also provide clues, like the use of contractions and emphasis on pronouns in truthful statements.

1. The Art of Deception

2. Signs of Lying
Body Language
Nervousness Physical movement limited and stiff
Sweating Few arm and hand movements
Fast or faltering speech Touching their face, throat, mouth
Avoiding eye contact Finger tapping/fidgeting/ foot tapping
Exaggerated facial expressions Slouching or slumping
Touching the nose or behind the ear
Not likely to touch heart/chest with an open hand
Hand, arm and leg movement are toward own body

3. Signs of Lying
Emotional Gestures
 Timing and duration not normal pace
 delayed, stays longer than natural and stops
suddenly
 Timing is off between emotions
gestures/expressions and words
 Match verbal statement
 limited to mouth movements instead of whole
face

4. Signs of Lying
Interactions and Reactions
 A guilty person gets defensive
 A liar is uncomfortable facing his questioner and
may turn head or body away
 A liar might unconsciously place objects
between themselves and the questioner

5. Signs of Lying
Speech
 Speaking quickly and excessive, fluctuations in pitch of voice
 Long pauses and stutters usually accompanied by slow speech
 Less frequent mention of specifics such as place names, times,
locations
 More structure - overcompensate by telling events in chronological
order
 Signs of mental weariness and emotional strain as the lie
progresses

6. Signs of Lying
Verbal Content and Context
 A liar will use your words to make answer a question.
 A statement with a contraction is more likely to be truthful
 Liars sometimes avoid "lying" by not making direct statements.
They imply answers instead of denying something directly.
 Not comfortable with silence or pauses in the conversation.
 When a truthful statement is made the pronoun is emphasized as
much or more than the rest of the words in a statement.

7. Statement Analysis
 I am trying to be honest
 Rape victim using “we”
 Grammar
 I was sitting in my car when a man opened my door,
pointed a gun at me and tells me to get out
 A man approached me and pointed a gun at me. He
stuck the gun in my ribs and forced me into the car.

8. Unique Words - Actually
 Comparing two things
 When the comparison is not clear - undisclosed
information is provided

9. Unique Words - Never
 Don’t want to lie
 Never doesn’t equal no