This document discusses body language cues that can indicate a person's state of mind and intentions. It provides advice to law enforcement on identifying signs of potential aggression or deception during interrogations. Body language signs like dilated nose wings, neck touching, and inability to recall details in reverse order can suggest a person is lying or becoming violent. The document recommends an interview approach focused on obtaining accurate information rather than eliciting a confession, in order to avoid false convictions.
The document discusses 5 poor listening styles: 1) Spacing out, where the mind wanders and the speaker cannot be heard. 2) Pretend listening, where comments are made without understanding what was said. 3) Selective listening, choosing to only hear parts that interest the listener. 4) Word listening, hearing words but missing meanings and importance. 5) Self-centered listening, where the listener does not consider the other perspective. The document stresses the importance of active listening to understand others.
The document discusses different points of view in short stories including objective point of view where the narrator is a detached observer, first person point of view where the narrator participates in the story but may not be reliable, and third person point of view where the narrator can either have a limited view of one character's thoughts and feelings or be omniscient and know everything about all characters.
This document discusses poor listening styles, including spacing out where the listener is distracted and ignores the speaker, pretend listening where the listener pretends to pay attention but does not understand, and selective listening where the listener only pays attention to interesting parts. It also discusses word listening where the listener focuses on the words but not the true meaning or feelings, and self-centered listening where the listener views everything from their own perspective and judges or advises based on their own experiences rather than understanding the speaker.
Learn everything about body language and master with body language today starting with these body language basic lessons. Are you ready to learn how to understand and interpret the signs and signals that other people are sending you, so that you can use it to your advantage.
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
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This document discusses point of view (POV) in literary fiction. It defines the major types of POV - third person omniscient, third person limited, objective/dramatic, and first person - and analyzes the pros and cons of each. It encourages determining POV based on how much the narrator is allowed to know and whether they report characters' thoughts and feelings. The document aims to help writers choose the most effective POV for their stories.
Body language has all sorts of influences on people and we use it to communicate in many situations without even being aware that we are doing so. Most of us have a vague understanding of what body language is but might be hard pressed to pin a definition on the concept. Essentially though it is reasonably straight forward. Body language is any method of communication using our body. It includes both verbal (what we say, our tone and the volume we use) and non-verbal (body movements, facial expressions, hand gestures and posture. These different elements sometimes communicate more than we mean them to and they have accurately been described as ‘a silent orchestra that can have long-lasting repercussions’.
This document provides an introduction and overview of body language analysis from Daniel Sharon, a retired Israeli police commander. It discusses the importance of body language, how it can reveal truths that contradict spoken words. Specific eye behaviors are examined, such as looking straight ahead (generally positive), looking up and to the left (processing information emotionally), and looking to the right and up (trying to remember details). The document aims to teach basic body language signals to help determine when someone is lying or their true feelings.
The document discusses 5 poor listening styles: 1) Spacing out, where the mind wanders and the speaker cannot be heard. 2) Pretend listening, where comments are made without understanding what was said. 3) Selective listening, choosing to only hear parts that interest the listener. 4) Word listening, hearing words but missing meanings and importance. 5) Self-centered listening, where the listener does not consider the other perspective. The document stresses the importance of active listening to understand others.
The document discusses different points of view in short stories including objective point of view where the narrator is a detached observer, first person point of view where the narrator participates in the story but may not be reliable, and third person point of view where the narrator can either have a limited view of one character's thoughts and feelings or be omniscient and know everything about all characters.
This document discusses poor listening styles, including spacing out where the listener is distracted and ignores the speaker, pretend listening where the listener pretends to pay attention but does not understand, and selective listening where the listener only pays attention to interesting parts. It also discusses word listening where the listener focuses on the words but not the true meaning or feelings, and self-centered listening where the listener views everything from their own perspective and judges or advises based on their own experiences rather than understanding the speaker.
Learn everything about body language and master with body language today starting with these body language basic lessons. Are you ready to learn how to understand and interpret the signs and signals that other people are sending you, so that you can use it to your advantage.
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
This document discusses point of view (POV) in literary fiction. It defines the major types of POV - third person omniscient, third person limited, objective/dramatic, and first person - and analyzes the pros and cons of each. It encourages determining POV based on how much the narrator is allowed to know and whether they report characters' thoughts and feelings. The document aims to help writers choose the most effective POV for their stories.
Body language has all sorts of influences on people and we use it to communicate in many situations without even being aware that we are doing so. Most of us have a vague understanding of what body language is but might be hard pressed to pin a definition on the concept. Essentially though it is reasonably straight forward. Body language is any method of communication using our body. It includes both verbal (what we say, our tone and the volume we use) and non-verbal (body movements, facial expressions, hand gestures and posture. These different elements sometimes communicate more than we mean them to and they have accurately been described as ‘a silent orchestra that can have long-lasting repercussions’.
This document provides an introduction and overview of body language analysis from Daniel Sharon, a retired Israeli police commander. It discusses the importance of body language, how it can reveal truths that contradict spoken words. Specific eye behaviors are examined, such as looking straight ahead (generally positive), looking up and to the left (processing information emotionally), and looking to the right and up (trying to remember details). The document aims to teach basic body language signals to help determine when someone is lying or their true feelings.
The document discusses point of view and theme in literature. It explains that point of view refers to the perspective from which a story is told, such as first person, second person, third-person objective, third-person limited, or omniscient. Theme is the underlying meaning or major idea of a work, rather than its subject, and authors express themes through how they make readers feel, characters' thoughts and conversations, character development, and story events and actions.
The document discusses several key literary elements and techniques used in writing including:
- Tone, which is the writer's attitude conveyed through their work.
- Mood, which is the overall feeling or atmosphere created through elements like plot, characters, and description.
- Theme, which is the central idea or message, and can be explicitly stated or implied. Themes are often conveyed through how they make the reader feel, characters' thoughts and conversations, or events in the story.
- Foreshadowing, which are subtle hints the author provides about future events to build suspense and make the narrative more believable.
This document discusses various types of listening skills, including appreciative listening, empathetic listening, discriminative listening, biased listening, evaluative listening, initial listening, false listening, therapeutic listening, sympathetic listening, selective listening, and partial listening. It provides descriptions of each type of listening. It also lists traits of a good listener such as being non-evaluative, paraphrasing, reflecting implications and feelings, inviting contributions, and responding non-verbally. The document emphasizes that listening is an important skill for decision making and avoiding misunderstandings.
How to use body language effectively to communicate with each other and how is Body language effect on our self.
how we can better person by using body language.
The document discusses three perspectives, or points of view, from which a story can be told: first-person, second-person, and third-person. In first-person point of view the narrator is a character in the story who uses pronouns like "I" and "me". Second-person point of view is told by "you", while third-person perspective uses pronouns like "they", "he", and "she" and the narrator is not a character in the story.
The document discusses the two main points of view an author can use to tell a story: first-person and third-person. In first-person, the story is told from the perspective of a character using pronouns like "I" and "me". The reader only experiences the story through this character's knowledge and feelings. In third-person, an outside narrator tells the story using pronouns like "he" and "she"; the narrator is not a character in the story. The author asks what type of stories the reader prefers.
Point of View- an Elementary Overview of 1st and 3rd PersonCarrie SInone
A short introduction to identifying 1st and 3rd person point of view in stories. Students will be able to identify clues to help them determine which point of view the story is being told from.
Liars often make too much or too little eye contact and tend to speak without contractions. They may show signs of discomfort like turning away, rapid blinking, or fidgeting. Liars also stutter or hesitate more when speaking, provide unnecessary details without being asked, and get defensive rather than going on the offensive like innocent people tend to do. Watch for inconsistent explanations, overemphasis on minor details, and frequent self-touching of the face, throat, or mouth from potential liars.
Five poor listening styles are identified: spacing out, pretend listening, selective listening, word listening, and self-centered listening. These styles involve allowing one's mind to wander, making agreeing comments without paying attention, only listening to parts that interest you, focusing only on words without body language or emotion, and listening only from your own perspective. The document prompts reflection on which styles one engages in, what that says about them, how speakers likely feel, and how to improve active listening skills.
The document outlines six poor listening styles: spacing out when the mind wanders; pretend listening where the listener only makes gestures but is not truly engaged; selective listening where the listener only focuses on parts they are interested in; word listening where the listener focuses only on words without considering body language or tone; and three types of self-centered listening - judging others while they speak, advising based on one's own experiences rather than understanding the other person, and probing for emotions before the other is ready to share.
The document describes 5 poor listening styles: 1) Spacing out, where the mind wanders and the speaker is not heard. 2) Pretend listening, where empty comments are made to pretend listening but the speaker's message is not understood. 3) Selective listening, focusing only on topics of interest rather than the full conversation. 4) Word listening, paying attention only to words and not body language, feelings, or full meaning. 5) Self-centered listening, where the other person's perspective is not considered and their message is internally judged from one's own view.
First second-and-third-person-Point of Viewpvenglishteach
This document discusses point of view and narration in stories. It explains that there are three main points of view: first person, where the narrator is involved in the story and uses "I"; second person, where the reader's actions are narrated using "you"; and third person, where the narrator is outside the story and refers to characters by name or as "he"/"she". Each point of view influences how information is revealed to the audience. In the end, it reviews that first person narrates "I", second person narrates "you", and third person narrates "he/she".
English language skills for professional communicationceliateacher
The document contains information on various topics for improving English language skills, including political vocabulary terms and their meanings, expressions for giving opinions about art, polite ways to disagree with others, slang used by British children, technology terms, phrasal verbs, self-correction symbols used in writing, and sample questions for questionnaires on education and advertisements.
This document discusses different points of view in storytelling, including first-person point of view, where the story is told from one character's perspective, and third-person point of view, where an outside narrator tells the story. There are two types of third-person point of view: limited omniscient, where the narrator can convey the thoughts of just one character, and omniscient, where the narrator knows the thoughts of all characters. The document provides examples of each point of view and notes that point of view affects how readers respond to characters and how objective the narrator is.
The document discusses different points of view in short stories including objective point of view where the narrator is detached, first person point of view where the narrator participates in the story, and third person point of view where the narrator knows the characters' thoughts and feelings. It also describes the differences between third person limited point of view focused on one character and third person omniscient point of view where the narrator knows everything about all characters.
This document provides information on social conversation skills. It discusses that a good conversationalist talks with others about themselves rather than gossiping or talking only about themselves. Effective social conversation skills include listening to others, starting conversations, asking questions to maintain conversations, and properly ending interactions. Specific steps are outlined for each of these skills, such as making eye contact while listening, introducing yourself to start new conversations, and using closing comments and gestures to end conversations politely. The document emphasizes that developing strong social conversation abilities can lead to personal and professional benefits like increased popularity, stronger relationships, and business successes.
Reading Microexpressions- Lie to me Session @barcammumbaikaurwakee
The document discusses micro-expressions, which are brief involuntary facial expressions that reveal concealed emotions. It notes there are seven universal emotions that can be detected from micro-expressions, including distress, effort to block an unwanted sight, and needing air. It provides examples of micro-expressions like a clenched jaw meaning distress. The document seeks to teach people to detect lies from micro-expressions, like when a person touches their neck near their artery or makes two mouth shrugs with no confidence in their words.
Point of view refers to how a story is told through the perspective of a narrator. There are three main points of view: third person omniscient, where the narrator knows everything about all characters; third person limited, where the narrator only knows the thoughts of one character; and first person, where the narrator is a character in the story. The point of view affects what the reader learns about the characters, events, and setting of the story.
5 Body Language Tips for your Next Job InterviewCraftCv
Body language accounts for over 50% of communication during an interview. The document provides 5 tips for effective body language: 1) Have a firm, confident handshake. 2) Maintain excellent posture and avoid closed body language like crossed arms. 3) Make good eye contact by looking in the eye-nose triangle area for 2/3 of the time. 4) Use open and expressive gestures to engage the interviewer. 5) Show enthusiasm through positive body language to demonstrate you will be a professional and engaging employee. Mastering these body language tips can help appear more confident and give weight to your answers in an interview.
The document discusses body language and its importance in communication. It notes that much of communication is nonverbal, with only 7% coming from words. It explores various body language signals from different parts of the body like hands, arms, and face that can indicate states like openness, confidence, anxiety and more. Cultural differences in signals are also addressed. The document encourages observing both oneself and others to get better at interpreting body language.
The 15 Most Common Body Language MistakesBernard Marr
Body language matters. Our brain relies on snap judgements to categorize another person and predict whether they are trustworthy, threatening, competent, likeable, etc. Here are the top 15 body language blunders to watch out for.
The document discusses point of view and theme in literature. It explains that point of view refers to the perspective from which a story is told, such as first person, second person, third-person objective, third-person limited, or omniscient. Theme is the underlying meaning or major idea of a work, rather than its subject, and authors express themes through how they make readers feel, characters' thoughts and conversations, character development, and story events and actions.
The document discusses several key literary elements and techniques used in writing including:
- Tone, which is the writer's attitude conveyed through their work.
- Mood, which is the overall feeling or atmosphere created through elements like plot, characters, and description.
- Theme, which is the central idea or message, and can be explicitly stated or implied. Themes are often conveyed through how they make the reader feel, characters' thoughts and conversations, or events in the story.
- Foreshadowing, which are subtle hints the author provides about future events to build suspense and make the narrative more believable.
This document discusses various types of listening skills, including appreciative listening, empathetic listening, discriminative listening, biased listening, evaluative listening, initial listening, false listening, therapeutic listening, sympathetic listening, selective listening, and partial listening. It provides descriptions of each type of listening. It also lists traits of a good listener such as being non-evaluative, paraphrasing, reflecting implications and feelings, inviting contributions, and responding non-verbally. The document emphasizes that listening is an important skill for decision making and avoiding misunderstandings.
How to use body language effectively to communicate with each other and how is Body language effect on our self.
how we can better person by using body language.
The document discusses three perspectives, or points of view, from which a story can be told: first-person, second-person, and third-person. In first-person point of view the narrator is a character in the story who uses pronouns like "I" and "me". Second-person point of view is told by "you", while third-person perspective uses pronouns like "they", "he", and "she" and the narrator is not a character in the story.
The document discusses the two main points of view an author can use to tell a story: first-person and third-person. In first-person, the story is told from the perspective of a character using pronouns like "I" and "me". The reader only experiences the story through this character's knowledge and feelings. In third-person, an outside narrator tells the story using pronouns like "he" and "she"; the narrator is not a character in the story. The author asks what type of stories the reader prefers.
Point of View- an Elementary Overview of 1st and 3rd PersonCarrie SInone
A short introduction to identifying 1st and 3rd person point of view in stories. Students will be able to identify clues to help them determine which point of view the story is being told from.
Liars often make too much or too little eye contact and tend to speak without contractions. They may show signs of discomfort like turning away, rapid blinking, or fidgeting. Liars also stutter or hesitate more when speaking, provide unnecessary details without being asked, and get defensive rather than going on the offensive like innocent people tend to do. Watch for inconsistent explanations, overemphasis on minor details, and frequent self-touching of the face, throat, or mouth from potential liars.
Five poor listening styles are identified: spacing out, pretend listening, selective listening, word listening, and self-centered listening. These styles involve allowing one's mind to wander, making agreeing comments without paying attention, only listening to parts that interest you, focusing only on words without body language or emotion, and listening only from your own perspective. The document prompts reflection on which styles one engages in, what that says about them, how speakers likely feel, and how to improve active listening skills.
The document outlines six poor listening styles: spacing out when the mind wanders; pretend listening where the listener only makes gestures but is not truly engaged; selective listening where the listener only focuses on parts they are interested in; word listening where the listener focuses only on words without considering body language or tone; and three types of self-centered listening - judging others while they speak, advising based on one's own experiences rather than understanding the other person, and probing for emotions before the other is ready to share.
The document describes 5 poor listening styles: 1) Spacing out, where the mind wanders and the speaker is not heard. 2) Pretend listening, where empty comments are made to pretend listening but the speaker's message is not understood. 3) Selective listening, focusing only on topics of interest rather than the full conversation. 4) Word listening, paying attention only to words and not body language, feelings, or full meaning. 5) Self-centered listening, where the other person's perspective is not considered and their message is internally judged from one's own view.
First second-and-third-person-Point of Viewpvenglishteach
This document discusses point of view and narration in stories. It explains that there are three main points of view: first person, where the narrator is involved in the story and uses "I"; second person, where the reader's actions are narrated using "you"; and third person, where the narrator is outside the story and refers to characters by name or as "he"/"she". Each point of view influences how information is revealed to the audience. In the end, it reviews that first person narrates "I", second person narrates "you", and third person narrates "he/she".
English language skills for professional communicationceliateacher
The document contains information on various topics for improving English language skills, including political vocabulary terms and their meanings, expressions for giving opinions about art, polite ways to disagree with others, slang used by British children, technology terms, phrasal verbs, self-correction symbols used in writing, and sample questions for questionnaires on education and advertisements.
This document discusses different points of view in storytelling, including first-person point of view, where the story is told from one character's perspective, and third-person point of view, where an outside narrator tells the story. There are two types of third-person point of view: limited omniscient, where the narrator can convey the thoughts of just one character, and omniscient, where the narrator knows the thoughts of all characters. The document provides examples of each point of view and notes that point of view affects how readers respond to characters and how objective the narrator is.
The document discusses different points of view in short stories including objective point of view where the narrator is detached, first person point of view where the narrator participates in the story, and third person point of view where the narrator knows the characters' thoughts and feelings. It also describes the differences between third person limited point of view focused on one character and third person omniscient point of view where the narrator knows everything about all characters.
This document provides information on social conversation skills. It discusses that a good conversationalist talks with others about themselves rather than gossiping or talking only about themselves. Effective social conversation skills include listening to others, starting conversations, asking questions to maintain conversations, and properly ending interactions. Specific steps are outlined for each of these skills, such as making eye contact while listening, introducing yourself to start new conversations, and using closing comments and gestures to end conversations politely. The document emphasizes that developing strong social conversation abilities can lead to personal and professional benefits like increased popularity, stronger relationships, and business successes.
Reading Microexpressions- Lie to me Session @barcammumbaikaurwakee
The document discusses micro-expressions, which are brief involuntary facial expressions that reveal concealed emotions. It notes there are seven universal emotions that can be detected from micro-expressions, including distress, effort to block an unwanted sight, and needing air. It provides examples of micro-expressions like a clenched jaw meaning distress. The document seeks to teach people to detect lies from micro-expressions, like when a person touches their neck near their artery or makes two mouth shrugs with no confidence in their words.
Point of view refers to how a story is told through the perspective of a narrator. There are three main points of view: third person omniscient, where the narrator knows everything about all characters; third person limited, where the narrator only knows the thoughts of one character; and first person, where the narrator is a character in the story. The point of view affects what the reader learns about the characters, events, and setting of the story.
5 Body Language Tips for your Next Job InterviewCraftCv
Body language accounts for over 50% of communication during an interview. The document provides 5 tips for effective body language: 1) Have a firm, confident handshake. 2) Maintain excellent posture and avoid closed body language like crossed arms. 3) Make good eye contact by looking in the eye-nose triangle area for 2/3 of the time. 4) Use open and expressive gestures to engage the interviewer. 5) Show enthusiasm through positive body language to demonstrate you will be a professional and engaging employee. Mastering these body language tips can help appear more confident and give weight to your answers in an interview.
The document discusses body language and its importance in communication. It notes that much of communication is nonverbal, with only 7% coming from words. It explores various body language signals from different parts of the body like hands, arms, and face that can indicate states like openness, confidence, anxiety and more. Cultural differences in signals are also addressed. The document encourages observing both oneself and others to get better at interpreting body language.
The 15 Most Common Body Language MistakesBernard Marr
Body language matters. Our brain relies on snap judgements to categorize another person and predict whether they are trustworthy, threatening, competent, likeable, etc. Here are the top 15 body language blunders to watch out for.
The document discusses body language and nonverbal communication. It describes how body language conveys meaning through gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, smiling, hand gestures, arm and leg positions, and posture. Specific gestures and their potential meanings are examined, such as crossed arms indicating defensiveness while open arms suggest openness. Body language provides important cues about people's emotions and attitudes beyond what is said verbally.
Gestures and movement provide the visuals that accompany your words. Learning to use them effectively will help you convey your message with confidence and your audience will see your message instead of just hearing it
This document discusses various aspects of body language and non-verbal communication. It states that 55% of communication is non-verbal. It then outlines five main types of body language: eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture/stance, and space relationships. Specific gestures and their potential meanings are described. Proper eye contact and its purpose is explained. The importance of facial expressions, posture, and physical space between individuals in communication is also covered.
dalam negosiasi perlu diketahui dan dikuasai kemampuan untuk membaca dan mengekspresikan bahasa tubuh sebagai pelengkap dari bahasa verbal maupun tulis
The document discusses communication and listening skills. It provides 9 steps for effective listening: facing the speaker, keeping an open mind, picturing what is said, not interrupting, waiting to ask clarifying questions, asking questions to ensure understanding, feeling empathy, giving feedback, and paying attention to nonverbal cues. It also discusses 5 levels of listening, from ignoring to empathic listening. Barriers to listening include distractions, noise, mindset, interrupting, and physical state. Improving listening involves paraphrasing, eye contact, posture, open questions, remembering details, nodding, and mirroring. The document also discusses reading multi-syllable words and providing direct instruction and practice to develop this skill.
The document describes different levels of listening in order to effectively resolve complaints, from the least effective to the most effective. It introduces the L.E.A.R.N. model for complaint resolution, which stands for Listen, Empathize, Apologize, Respond, and Notify. The levels of listening described range from passive listening and pretend listening to empathetic listening and facilitative listening, with the most effective type being facilitative listening which aims to fully understand the other person's perspective and help them.
1) The document outlines 10 steps for effective listening: face the speaker and maintain eye contact; be attentive but relaxed; keep an open mind without judging; listen to the words and picture what is being said; don't interrupt and don't impose solutions; wait for pauses to ask clarifying questions; ask questions only to ensure understanding; try to feel what the speaker is feeling; give regular feedback; pay attention to nonverbal cues.
2) Key aspects of effective listening include making eye contact, focusing without distraction, listening without judgment, concentrating on what is said, waiting for pauses before asking questions, and showing empathy through understanding the speaker's feelings.
3) Nonverbal cues provide much information, so
Noise in the background - you are not concentrating on the sounds at all and nothing is registering with you. Ignoring would be another way to describe this type of listening. There is nothing wrong with passive listening if it's truly not important, but passive listening - which we might more aptly call Not Listening - is obviously daft and can be downright dangerous if the communications are important.
The document discusses how body language and gestures can easily be misinterpreted across cultures. Three stories are provided as examples: 1) An American uses the "A-OK" gesture which means "money" in Japanese, 2) A British thumbs-up is seen as rude in Sardinian culture, 3) Simple gestures like a finger-ring or nose-pinching take on negative meanings when seen by people from other cultures like Syrian or Colombian. The key lesson is that body language needs to be used carefully as the same gestures can have very different or even opposing meanings depending on the cultural context.
The document describes a communication breakdown between the author and an acquaintance, B, during a lunch meeting. There was a lack of active listening on B's part as he interrupted and offered unwanted advice. The author also failed to receive B's intentions well. After reflecting, the author realized communication requires openness from both parties. The document then outlines 10 keys to effective communication, such as being receptive, maintaining eye contact, asking questions to further understanding, and connecting genuinely.
This summary provides the key points about negotiating tactics from a document about the book Never Split the Difference by Chris Voss. The document discusses 9 principles for successful negotiations from Voss's experience as an FBI hostage negotiator. It summarizes that listening and understanding the other perspective are essential to gain trust and information. Specific tactics discussed include mirroring language and emotions, getting the other party to say "no" or "that's right", using deadlines strategically, and anchoring perceptions to shape negotiations in your favor. The overall message is that empathy, control of the conversation, and bending the other party's reality are crucial components of effective negotiations.
In this Ebook, you will discover the topics about the types of body expressions, the basics of reading body language, the implication of the smallest body language, the interpretaion of body languages, the micro expression matter, the benefits of understanding the body expressions, the skills that are required in understanding the body languages, understanding what other people are thinking and the effects of body language on communication.
This document discusses non-verbal communication. It begins by listing guidelines for an event and then defines communication and its types. Non-verbal communication processes convey information through non-linguistic representations like body language, tone of voice, and proximity. Research shows non-verbal cues account for over 50% of how people derive meaning from communication. The document then covers various aspects of non-verbal communication like kinesics, haptics, vocalics, proxemics, and physiology and provides tips for improving non-verbal skills and reading others.
The document summarizes communication styles and effective communication techniques. It states that most of our waking hours are spent communicating, with 45% spent listening. It describes the communication process as involving a sender and receiver. There are three main styles - assertive, passive, and aggressive - with assertive being the most effective as it is honest without putting others down. Barriers to communication include body language, distractions, multiple meanings, and prejudices. Effective techniques include using "I-messages" to address issues while avoiding defensive responses, keeping responses short, monitoring tone of voice, and watching nonverbal cues.
This document provides 11 ways to read people's minds through body language cues. It discusses paying attention to factors like distance, head and arm positions, eye movements, pupil size, mirroring behaviors, fidgeting, tone of voice, walking style, language used, and smiling. Mastering observation of these non-verbal clues can help one understand people more deeply and spot deception. The document also notes that self-awareness of one's own body language is important.
Active listening is an important problem-solving skill that involves fully focusing on the other person without judgment. It communicates unconditional positive regard, empathy, and congruence. The key aspects of active listening are turning off internal responses, using encouraging body language and verbal acknowledgments, reflecting back what the person said to check understanding, asking questions for clarification or more details, and being aware of nonverbal body language cues. Active listening avoids giving unsolicited advice or telling one's own stories.
Strategic Market Research (Chapter 5): Reading the Hidden Communications of R...Matthew A. Gilbert, MBA
What determines whether market research makes a difference for an organization? The difference is the approach. Strategic market research is an approach that makes a large impact on the companies that use it. In Strategic Market Research, author Anne Beall shares her unique approach for conducting market research. In addition to talking about qualitative as well as quantitative research, Strategic Market Research provides real-life examples of how these concepts have been applied in businesses and non-profit organizations. Implementing the strategic approach from the beginning to the end of a project provides information that inspires and changes organizations.
Extraversion (E) - Introversion (I): The extraversion-introversion dichotomy was first explored by Jung in his theory of personality types as a way to describe how people respond and interact with the world around them.
While these terms are familiar to most people, the way in which they are used here differs somewhat from their popular usage.
Extraverts are "outward-turning" and tend to be action-oriented, enjoy more frequent social interaction, and feel energized after spending time with other people.
Introverts are "inward-turning" and tend to be thought-oriented, enjoy deep and meaningful social interactions, and feel recharged after spending time alone.
We all exhibit extraversion and introversion to some degree, but most of us tend have an overall preference for one or the other.
The document discusses how to interpret body language cues when socializing with others. It notes that 55% of communication comes from body language, 38% from tone of voice, and only 7% from words. It then provides tips for interpreting eye contact, facial expressions, smiles, hand gestures, posture, copying of mannerisms and more. The overall message is that paying attention to body language can provide insights into a person's personality, but interpretations may not always be accurate as individuals vary.
1) Body language conveys significant amounts of communication, estimated between 50-80%. It includes gestures, postures, eye contact and other signals.
2) There are different zones of interpersonal space that communicate levels of familiarity, from intimate distance of 1-2 feet for close relationships, to social distance of 4-8 feet for strangers, to public distance of over 8 feet.
3) Body language signals can indicate interest, deception, boredom, disagreement and other states, but should be interpreted cautiously as signals can have different meanings to different people and cultures.
This document discusses interpersonal communication and provides tips to improve communication skills. It notes that interpersonal communication involves message sending and receiving between two or more people. The quality of communication affects work and life quality. Effective communication skills like conversation, listening, body language and emotional awareness can be learned. The document then provides guidance on various aspects of communication like avoiding unnecessary details, smiling, speaking clearly, and listening actively. It emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and feedback in overcoming barriers to successful interpersonal communication.
The document discusses effective listening skills. It notes that listening is key to communication but messages are easily misunderstood without listening. It provides tips for being a good listener including focusing on what is said rather than distractions, avoiding interruptions, maintaining eye contact, and trying to understand other perspectives. Barriers to effective listening discussed include prejudice, distractions, excessive talking, noise, faking attention, and emotions.
These simple tricks will enable you to get to know more about people and also make you conscious of your surrounding. It is a knowledgeable resource both for Human Resource and Self Improvement purposes.
Child predation and sex offenses are serious problems, with hundreds of thousands of registered sex offenders in the US and many more unknown. Most victims know their abuser, such as a family member, rather than a stranger. Cyberbullying also affects many teens and can have severe psychological impacts. This document provides statistics on sex offenders, victims, and cyberbullying to raise awareness of these issues.
The document summarizes the contents of an iForensics Prevention Workshop. The workshop covers topics related to corporate espionage and cybercrime, including the hacker subculture, TCP/IP fundamentals, reconnaissance techniques, and compromising networks. Attendees will learn about common vulnerabilities, penetration methods, and how to identify security risks. After the workshop, a security consultant will assess specific vulnerabilities at each participating business. The goal is to help businesses protect themselves from the estimated $2 billion in losses each year due to corporate espionage.
This document provides information about cybercrimes and cybersecurity threats such as identity theft, cyberstalking, and cell phone hacking. It discusses common cybercrimes like credit card fraud, malware, and phishing scams. The document then gives tips for protecting yourself online such as using anonymizing browsers and VPN services, as well as ways to detect if a cell phone has been hacked by monitoring battery life and unusual phone activity. It provides information on responding to identity theft by filing a police report and checking your credit reports. Overall, the document aims to educate people on cybersecurity risks and recommendations for online safety.
This document provides an overview of a presentation by the iForensics Prevention Program. The presentation aims to educate attendees about cybercrimes like identity theft and how criminals target individuals through means like hacking computers and cell phones. It discusses common cybercrimes and how personal information can be compromised online and through devices. The presentation encourages attendees to participate in iForensics workshops to learn techniques for protecting themselves and their families from cybercriminals. It emphasizes the importance of consumer awareness and understanding how cybercriminals operate in order to find solutions to these security issues.
This document provides an overview of forensics and the history of the internet. It discusses early pioneers like Vannevar Bush and their ideas. It then summarizes the creation of ARPANET and how it led to the development of the internet. Key topics like domains, search engines, email, and hacking are defined. Examples of court cases involving digital forensics are also summarized. The document concludes by describing some cybersecurity products and services offered by Forensics Nation.
This document provides an overview of an iForensics Prevention Workshop that aims to help organizations identify vulnerabilities to corporate espionage. The workshop covers topics like the hacker subculture, TCP/IP fundamentals, reconnaissance techniques, and compromising networks. It discusses common intrusion methods gleaned from historical data and outlines specific areas the workshop will address, including network mapping, fingerprinting, scanning, exploiting services, and buffer overflows. Following the workshop, a security consultant will assess specific vulnerabilities at each participating business.
This document provides an overview of a presentation by the iForensics Prevention Program. The presentation aims to educate attendees about cyber crimes like identity theft and how criminals target individuals through means like the internet and cell phones. It will discuss tools and tactics used by cyber criminals and how to protect yourself. The presentation will be given through a PowerPoint download and staff will be available afterwards to answer questions. The goal is to increase awareness of cyber crime risks and how to combat them through prevention.
The document provides an overview of human psychology and behavior. It discusses several topics:
- Human development in the womb and the importance of brain development during pregnancy.
- The human growth process and how the hormone HGH impacts development and aging.
- How the mind digests and is impacted by "mental food" or the ideas and beliefs we consume.
- The concept of "first cause" and how addictions and unhealthy behaviors often stem from underlying stresses, anxieties, or a quest for relief or "having" rather than "being".
- Questions about existence, identity, and truth, and how we often seek answers externally rather than looking within.
This document provides an overview of a workshop on iForensics prevention. The workshop covers topics such as the hacker subculture, TCP/IP fundamentals, reconnaissance techniques, compromising networks, effective Windows and Unix countermeasures, and advanced security techniques. It also discusses statistics on internet fraud and provides a catalog of security products. The goal is to help participants identify common vulnerabilities and protect themselves from cyber threats.
1. The document discusses the power of observation and how truly seeing everything around you without filters allows you to consciously evaluate situations rather than reacting subconsciously.
2. It argues that most people unknowingly focus on and therefore manifest in their lives things they do not want through subconscious thought patterns, but that consciously directing one's focus to desired outcomes enables creating what you want.
3. The key is learning to exercise control over one's own mind in order to influence other parts of the complex universe and achieve a conscious rather than automatic state of being.
This document contains statistics and information about child predation, cyberbullying, and child abduction. Some key points include:
- There are over 400,000 registered sex offenders in the US and 80,000-100,000 are unaccounted for. Acquaintances make up the majority (70-90%) of abusers.
- Cyberbullying affects a significant portion of teens and social media users, and can have serious psychological effects including depression and suicide.
- Child abduction can involve family members or strangers unlawfully taking a minor from their legal guardians. Both forms can traumatize the child.
This document provides an overview of a presentation by the iForensics Prevention Program. The presentation aims to educate attendees about cyber crimes like identity theft and how criminals target individuals through means like their cell phones and online activities. It discusses how cyber criminals have organized into gangs and explains common cyber crimes like credit card fraud and computer hijacking. The presentation promotes the iForensics Prevention Program's Personal Protect workshop, which teaches attendees how to protect themselves and their information online through practices like using antivirus software and firewalls. It also discusses how individuals leave themselves vulnerable through actions like browsing the web and provides tips for more private online activities.
This document provides an overview of forensics and the history of the internet. It discusses early pioneers like Vannevar Bush and their ideas. It then outlines the creation of ARPANET and how it evolved into the modern internet, covering protocols, domains, search engines, and other key concepts. Examples are also given of criminal cases where digital forensics helped solve crimes involving hacking, child exploitation, and other internet-related offenses. Finally, various cybersecurity products from the company FNC are described.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
2. “I teach police officers this one important
fact: “if you pull somebody over and you see
the person looking down but you see the
nose wings start to dilate, move back
because chances are they're oxygenating
and they're going to get violent.”
“If they begin to touch their neck, this is
usually a very good indicator that there is
some issue there, there is something that
they feel uncomfortable about and that they
should perhaps pursue. And this is a very
accurate indicator. And the beauty of it is
that you see it in real time.”
People may lie but their bodies do not and
cannot. Look for the clues and watch every
movement.
3. Liars come in with a script in their heads.
Remember this fact! You trip liars up by making them fill-in
details that they haven’t rehearsed.
"A lot of different signs of anxiety are mistaken for signs of
deception.” Research shows that even for the innocent,
the whole tenor of an encounter with police can make it
harder to remember things accurately. "In interrogation the
whole goal is to convince somebody or trick them or
coerce them whatever it takes to get them to confess to
the crime.“
Today there is a movement to change that mindset and
convince law enforcement and other interrogators that
encounters with suspects are opportunities to get
information, not just a moment to elicit a confession. The
concern is that if an interviewer is already convinced that
someone committed the crime they are investigating,
interviewers stop searching for other answers. And that
can lead to mistakes. If you are in law enforcement,
remember this important fact!
Seek Information, Not a Confession
4. Ask a Simple Question
Basically the system asks an interviewer to pay
attention to words and verbal cues rather than
focusing on non-verbal communication.
Interviewers should begin with a non-
threatening question.
The first question is designed to give
interviewers a baseline of sorts. It gives them
an idea of how much detail someone provides
when they are telling a story truthfully. Next,
interviewers are supposed to ask the person to
tell them about the event under investigation.
Then they compare the two stories. Does the
suspect use the same number of descriptive
phrases? Is there the same kind of recall? All
these things are very important when trying to
turn a gut instinct about whether someone is
lying, into something more rooted in specific
patterns.
5. Then comes the harder question, which often
separates the liars from the truth-tellers: "Now
what I want you to do is simply go back to that
time and describe every single thing that
happened but this time I want you to tell me what
happened last and work all the way backwards."
A liar is going to have a hell of a time doing this!
Try this the next time your teenager comes home
late.
The point is that a person who is being honest
tends to provide tons of little facts, anecdotal
details that you only get from living a situation. In
fact, truth-tellers tend to add about 30 percent
more detail than people who are lying.
But there are still practical questions on how law
enforcement might use this approach. The
system might work with someone who has to
decided to talk, but what about someone who is
refusing to cooperate? That's unclear.
6. Aggressive body language
A significant cluster of body movements is used
to signal aggression.
Threat
Facial signals - Much aggression can be shown
in the face, from disapproving frowns and pursed
lips to sneers and full snarls. The eyes can be
used to stare and hold the gaze for long period.
They may also squint, preventing the other
person seeing where you are looking.
Attack signals - When somebody is about to
attack, they give visual signals such as clenching
of fists ready to strike and lowering and spreading
of the body for stability. They are also likely to
give anger signs such as redness of the face.
7. Exposing oneself - Exposing oneself to attack is also a form of aggression.
It is saying 'Go on - I dare you. I will still win.' It can include not looking at
the other person, crotch displays, relaxing the body, turning away and so
on.
Invasion - Invading the space of the other person in some way is an act of
aggression that is equivalent to one country invading another.
False friendship - Invasion is often done under the cloak of familiarity,
where you act as if you are being friendly and move into a space reserved
for friends, but without being invited. This gives the other person a
dilemma of whether to repel a 'friendly' advance or to accept dominance of
the other.
Approach - When you go inside the comfort zone of others without
permission, you are effectively invading their territory. The close you get,
the greater your ability to have 'first strike', from which an opponent may
not recover.
Touching - Touching the person is another form of invasion. Even touching
social touch zones such as arm and back can be aggressive.
8. Gestures
Insulting gestures - There are many, many gestures that have the primary
intent of insulting the other person and hence inciting them to anger and a
perhaps unwise battle. Single and double fingers pointed up, arm thrusts,
chin tilts and so on are used, although many of these do vary across
cultures (which can make for hazardous accidental movements when you
are overseas).
Mock attacks - Gestures may include symbolic action that mimics actual
attacks, including waving fingers (the beating baton), shaking fists, head-
butts, leg-swinging and so on. This is saying 'Here is what I will do to you!'
Physical items may be used as substitutes, for example banging of tables
and doors or throwing. Again, this is saying 'This could be you!‘
Sudden movements - All of these gestures may be done suddenly,
signaling your level of aggression and testing the other person's
reactions.
Large gestures - The size of gestures may also be used to signal levels of
aggression, from simple finger movements to whole arm sweeps,
sometimes even with exaggerated movements of the entire body.
9. Attentive body language
When you are in conversation or otherwise attending to what others are
saying or doing, you body sends signals to the other person as to how
interested you really are. Attentive body language sends a strong signal of
real and deep interest that is both flattering and likely to result in reciprocal
attention. It was said that if you met with the English 19th century politician
William Gladstone, you would come away thinking he was the most
intelligent and witty person in the country. If, however, you met his peer
Benjamin Disraeli, then you would come away thinking that you were the
most intelligent and witty person. Disraeli, it would seem, was somewhat
more skilled at paying attention.
Listening - A person who is attentive is first of all listening. This can be of
varying intensity though attentive listening is deep and interested.
Ignoring distractions - There are many competing stimuli that demand our
attention. If a person ignores distraction, from phone calls to other people
interrupting, then they send strong and flattering 'I am interested in you'
signals.
10. Stillness - Body movement often betrays distracting thoughts and feelings.
When the listener is largely still, the implication is of forgetting everything
else except the other person, with not even internal dialogue being allowed
to distract.
Leaning forward - When I am interested in you and what you have to say I
will likely lean slightly towards you, perhaps better to hear everything you
have to say.
Tilted head - An attentive head may be tilted slightly forward. It also may
show curiosity when tilted to the side (although this may also indicate
uncertainty).
Gaze - An attentive person looks at the other person without taking their
gaze away. They will likely blink less, almost for fear of missing something.
Furrowed brow - Concentration may also be shown in the forehead as the
eyebrows are brought together as the listener seeks to hear and
understand the other person.
Wanting more - An attentive person seeks not just to hear but to be ready
to listen to everything the other person has to say.
11. Patience - When you want to hear more from the other person you are
patient, listening until they have finished speaking and not butting in with
your views. Even when you have something to say or when they pause,
you still patiently seek a full understanding of them and give them space in
which to complete what they have to say.
Open body - Open body language shows that you are not feeling
defensive and are mentally open to what they have to say (and hence not
closed to their thoughts).
Slow nodding - Nodding shows agreement and also encourages the other
person to keep talking. Fast nodding may show impatience, whilst a slower
nod indicates understanding and approval.
Interest noises - Little noises such as 'uh huh' and 'mmm' show that you
are interested, understand and want to hear more. They thus encourage
the other person to keep talking.
Reflecting - When you reflect the other person back to them they feel
affirmed and that you are aligned with them. Reflecting activities range
from matching body language to paraphrasing what they say.
12. Bored body language
When a person is bored, they whole body is telling you. So if you are trying
to persuade them, don't bother (unless you are trying to bore them into
submission).
Language of boredom - A ready body is poised for action.
Distraction - A bored person looks anywhere but at the person who is
talking to them. They find other things to do, from doodling to talking with
others to staring around the room. They may also keep looking at their
watch or a wall clock.
Repetition - Bored people often repeat actions such as tapping toes,
swinging feet or drumming fingers. The repetition may escalate as they try
to signal their boredom.
Tiredness - A person who feels that they are unable to act to relieve their
boredom may show signs of tiredness. They may yawn and their whole
body may sag as they slouch down in their seat, lean against a wall or just
sag where they are standing. Their face may also show a distinct lack of
interest and appear blank.
13. Reasons for boredom
Lack of interest
If the person is not interested in their surroundings
or what is going on, then they may become bored.
The disinterest may also be feigned if they do not
want you to see that they are interested. Watch for
leaking signs of readiness in these cases.
Readiness
A bored person may actually be ready for the
actions you want, such as closing a sale. Sales
people are known to keep on the sales patter long
after the customer is ready to sign on the dotted
line.
14. Closed body language
A significant cluster of body movements are all about closing. This is
sometimes misinterpreted solely as indicating defensiveness.
Language of closure - Closure literally closes the body up. It may range
from a slight bringing together of the limbs to curled up into a tight ball.
Extreme cases include rhythmic rocking of the body.
Arms across - In a closed positions one or both arms cross the central line
of the body. They may be folded or tightly clasped or holding one another.
There may also be holding one another. Lighter arm crossing may include
resting an arm on a table or leg, or loosely crossed with wrists crossing.
Varying levels of tension may be seen in the arms and shoulders, from a
relaxed droop to tight tension and holding on to the body or other arms.
Legs across - Legs likewise can be crossed. There are several styles of
leg crossing, including the ankle cross, knee cross, figure-four (ankle on
opposite knee) and the tense wrap-around. Legs may also wrap around
convenient other objects, such as chair legs. When legs are crossed but
arms are not, it can show deliberate attempts to appear relaxed. This is
particularly true when legs are hidden under a table.
15. Looking down or away - The head may be inclined away from the person,
and particularly may be tucked down.
Reasons for closing - There can be several reasons for closed body
language. This is one reason why reading body language can be
hazardous and you should take into account other factors. In particular
look for the transition when the body closes and the triggers that may
have caused this change.
Defending - When we feel threatened, our body language becomes
defensive. We use closure to place the barriers of our arms and legs
across in front of us to defend ourselves from attack. When we close, we
also make our body smaller, reducing the size of the target. When we
tuck our chin down, we are protecting the exposed throat. We also may
be signaling to the other person that we are not a threat to them. Thus
the held-in arms shows that we are not attacking and looking away from
them removes aggressive staring. In a variant of this, particularly where
the person is holding themselves, a closed position may indicate self-
nurturing. The person is effectively holding or hugging themselves in an
imitation of a parent or other caring person.
16. Hiding - Closing also may serve the purpose of hiding something that we do
not want the other person to see. Holding the body still prevents it from
betraying our thoughts. Looking away prevents the other person from seeing
our expression that may show dislike or lying.
Cold - A more pragmatic form of closure is when we are cold. Huddling up
reduces exposed body area and reduces heat loss. Holding warmer parts of
the body against colder parts evens the temperature and prevents extremities
from being chilled too much.
Relaxing - And we also cross our arms and legs when we are relaxing. It can
just be a comfortable place to put those gangly limbs. We may look away
because we are thinking, nothing more.
Opening - When you are trying to persuade a person, then their standing or
sitting in a closed position is usually a signal that they are not ready to be
persuaded. Moving them to an open position can significantly increase your
chances of persuading them.
Force hand use - A common method sales people use to break a crossed-
arms closed position is to give the person something to hold or otherwise ask
them to use their hands, for example asking them to hand over something,
turn over a page, stand up and so on.
17. Deceptive body language
Language of deception - A deceptive body is concerned about being found
out -- and this concern may show.
Anxiety - A deceptive person is typically anxious that they might be found
out (unless they are psychopathic or good at acting), so they may send
signals of tension. This may include sweating, sudden movements, minor
twitches of muscles (especially around the mouth and eyes), changes in
voice tone and speed. Many of us have hidden anxiety signals. For
example: Biting the inside of the mouth (George W. Bush), patting head
(Prince William), hands in pockets (Tony Blair). These signals are almost
impossible to stop as we start them very young.
Control - In order to avoid being caught, there may be various signs of
over-control. For example, there may be signs of attempted friendly body
language, such as forced smiles (mouth smiles but eyes do not), jerky
movements and clumsiness or oscillation between open body language
and defensive body language. The person may also try to hold their body still, to
avoid tell-tale signals. For example they may hold their arms in or put their
hands in their pockets.
18. Distracted - A person who is trying to deceive needs to think more about
what they are doing, so they may drift off or pause as they think about
what to say or hesitate during speech. They may also be distracted by
the need to cover up. Thus their natural timing may go astray and they
may over- or under-react to events. Anxiety may be displaced into
actions such as fidgeting, moving around the place or paying attention
to unusual places.
Reasons for deception - There can be many good reasons for
deception.
Persuading - Deception may be an act that is intended to get another
person to say or do something.
Avoiding detection - Deception also may be more self-oriented, where
the sole goal is to get away with something, perhaps by avoiding
answering incriminating questions.
19. Defensive body language
Defending from attack - The basic defensive body language has a primitive
basis and assumes that the other person will physically attack, even when
this is highly unlikely.
Covering vital organs and points of vulnerability - In physical defense, the
defensive person will automatically tend to cover those parts of the body
that could be damaged by an attack. The chin is held down, covering the
neck. The groin is protected with knees together, crossed legs or covering
with hands. The arms may be held across the chest or face.
Fending off - Arms may be held out to fend off attacker, possibly straight
out or curved to deflect incoming attacks.
Using a barrier - Any physical object may be placed held in front of the
person to act as a literal or figurative barrier. This can be a small as a pen
or as large as a table. Straddling a reversed chair makes some people
comfortable in conversation as they look relaxed whilst feeling defensive.
Barriers can also protect the other person and if I am powerful, I may use a
simple barrier to make you feel less defensive. It also means I control the
barrier.
20. Becoming small - One way of defending against attack is to reduce the size
of the target. People may thus huddle into a smaller position, keeping their
arms and legs in.
Rigidity - Another primitive response is to tense up, making the muscles
harder in order to withstand a physical attack.
Rigidity also freezes the body, possibly avoiding movements being noticed or
being interpreted as preparing for attack.
Seeking escape - Flicking the eyes from side to side shows that the person is
looking for a way out.
Pre-empting attack
Giving in - Pre-empting the attack, the defensive person may reduce the,
generally using submissive body language, avoiding looking at the other
person, keeping the head down and possibly crouching into a lower body
position.
Attacking first - Aggressive body language may also appear, as the person
uses 'attack as the best form of defense'. The body may thus be erect, thrust
forward and with attacking movements. Where attack and defense both
appear together, there may be conflicting signs appearing together. Thus the
upper body may exhibit aggression whilst the legs are twisted together.
21. Dominant body language
Size signals - The body in dominant stances is
generally open, and may also include additional
aspects.
Making the body big - Hands on hips makes the elbows
go wide and make the body seem larger. So also does
standing upright and erect, with the chin up and the
chest thrust out. Legs may be placed apart to increase
size.
Making the body high - Height is also important as it
gives an attack advantage. This can be achieved by
standing up straight or somehow getting the other
person lower than you, for example by putting them on
a lower seat or by your standing on a step or plinth.
Occupying territory - By invading and occupying
territory that others may own or use, control and
dominance is indicated. A dominant person may thus
stand with feet akimbo and hands on hips.
22. Superiority signals
Breaking social rules - Rulers do not need to follow rules: they make the
rules. This power to decide one's own path is often displayed in breaking
of social rules, from invasion and interruption to casual swearing in polite
company.
Ownership - Owning something that others covet provides a status
symbol. This can be territorial, such as a larger office, or displays of
wealth or power, such as a Rolex watch or having many subordinates.
Just owning things is an initial symbol, but in body language it is the
flaunting of these, often casually, that is the power display. Thus a senior
manager will casually take out their Mont Blanc pen whilst telling their
secretary to fetch the Havana cigars.
Invasion - A dominant act is to disrespect the ownership of others,
invading their territory, for example getting to close to them by moving into
their body space. Other actions include sitting on their chairs, leaning on
their cars, putting feet up on their furniture and being over-friendly with
their romantic partners. Invasion says 'What's yours is mine' and 'I can
take anything of yours that I want and you cannot stop me'.
23. Belittling others - Superiority signals are found both in saying 'I am important'
and also 'You are not important'. Thus a dominant person may ignore or
interrupt another person who is speaking or turn away from them. They may
also criticize the inferior person, including when the other person can hear
them.
Facial signals - Dominance can be shown in the face from disapproving
frowns, pursed lips to sneers & snarls (sometimes disguised as smiles). The
eyes can be used to stare and hold the gaze for long period. They may also
squint, preventing the other person seeing where you are looking. They may
also look at anywhere but the other person, saying that 'you are not even
worth looking at'. Faces can also look bored, amused or express other
expressions that belittle the other person. Dominant people often smile much
less than submissive people.
Phallic displays - Dominant men will often expose their crotch, effectively
saying to other men 'I am safe from attack' or 'my penis is bigger than yours',
whilst showing off. They may also be offering 'come and get it!' to women.
When women do this, it is to some extent a tease or invitation to men but may
also be an emulation of the male display, thus saying 'I am as strong as a
man'. This appears in standing or sitting where the legs are apart. It may be
emphasized by scratching or adjusting of the crotch.
24. The dominant greeting - When people first meet and greet, their first
interaction sets the pattern for the future relationship. When a person is
dominant here, then they will most likely continue to be dominant.
The handshake - A classic dominant handshake is with the palm down,
symbolically being on top. Another form of dominant handshake is to use
strength to squeeze the other person.
Holding the other person's hand for longer than normal also shows that you
are in control.
Eyes - Prolonged, unblinking eye contact acts like overplaying the handshake
-- it says 'I am powerful, I can break the rules.' The dominant person may
alternatively prevent eye contact, saying 'You are beneath me and I do not
want even to look at you.'
Speaking - The person who speaks first often gets to control the
conversation, either by talking for longer or by managing the questions.
Responding to dominance - If others display dominant body language you
have a range of options. The simplest response is simply not to submit, which
is what they probably want. Continue to appear friendly and ignore their
subtle signals.
25. Another response is to fight dominance with dominance, for example:
•Out-stare them (a trick here is to look at the bridge of their nose, not
their eyes).
•Touch them, either before they touch you or immediately when they
touch you.
•When they do a power handshake, grab their elbow and step to the
side.
•When they butt in to your speech, speed up, talk more loudly and say
'let me finish!'
Another approach is to name the game. Ask them why they are using
dominant body language. A good way to do this is in a curious, unafraid
way.
26. Emotional body language
With careful observation, emotions may be
detected from non-verbal signs. Remember that
these are indicators and not certain guarantees.
Contextual clues may also be used, in particular
what is being said to the person or what else is
happening around then.
Anger
Anger occurs when achievement of goals are
frustrated.
Neck and/or face are red or flushed.
Baring of teeth and snarling.
Clenched fists.
Leaning forward and invasion of body space.
Other aggressive body language.
Use of power body language.
27. Fear, anxiety and nervousness - Fear occurs when basic needs are
threatened. There are many levels of fear, from mild anxiety to blind terror.
The many bodily changes caused by fear make it easy to detect.
•A 'cold sweat‘.
•Pale face.
•Dry mouth - indicated by licking lips, drinking water, rubbing throat.
•Not looking at the other person.
•Damp eyes.
•Trembling lip.
•Varying speech tone.
•Speech errors.
•Voice tremors.
•Visible high pulse (neck or movement of crossed leg.
•Sweating.
•Tension in muscles: clenched hands or arms, elbows drawn in to the side,
jerky movements, legs wrapped around things.
•Gasping and holding breath.
•Fidgeting.
•Defensive body language - crossed arms, legs and drawing in of limbs.
28. Sadness - is the opposite of happiness and indicates a depressive state.
•Drooping of the body.
•Trembling lip.
•Flat speech tone.
•Tears.
Embarrassment - may be caused by guilt or transgression of values.
•Neck and/ or face are red or flushed.
•Looking down or away from others. Not looking them in the eye.
•Grimacing, false smile, changing the topic or otherwise trying to cover up
the embarrassment.
Surprise - occurs when things occur that were not expected.
•Raised eyebrows.
•Widening of eyes.
•Open mouth.
•Sudden backward movement.
Happiness - occurs when goals and needs are met.
•General relaxation of muscles.
•Smiling (including eyes).
•Open body language
29. Evaluating body language
A notable cluster of body movements happens when a person is thinking,
judging or making some decision.
Language of evaluation
Hand movements - The classic signal of evaluation is the steepled hands
which are clasped together, either looking like they are praying, with both
hands pressed together, or with linked fingers and with index fingers only
pointing upwards. The fingers pointing upwards may touch the lips.
Another common evaluative movement is stroking, often of the chin but
possibly other parts of the face.
Other actions - Other evaluative signals include pursing lips, stroking the
side of the nose and (if worn) peering over the top of spectacles (‘to look
more carefully at you').
Relaxed intensity - The body may well be relaxed and open. The person
seems to be unafraid or even unaware of danger. However there is also a
level of concentration, perhaps with pursed lips and an intense gaze. The
chin may be resting in one or both palms.
30. Reasons for evaluation
Deciding - A person who is evaluating may be making an important decision.
If they are buying from you, they may be close to the point of closure.
Judging - In their decision-making, they may be judging. Perhaps this is you,
something you are saying or something else. Watch how they change with
what you say and try to figure this one out.
Thinking - Sometimes the evaluation is only on an internal point. When they
are deep inside their own world, they may be mentally trying out ideas to see
if they will work. If you have suggested something, they may be trying to fit
your idea into their own model of the world.
Greeting body language - There are many possible components of greeting
as the styles vary significantly across social groups and cultures. Greeting is
a ritual that helps break the ice and paves the way for appropriate other
interaction. Greetings can include signals that may even be secret, for
example saying 'we're in the same club'. Formality is often an important
factor, and when you move from a formal greeting to an informal greeting is
an important factor in development of a friendship. Too early and it is an
insult. Too late and it you may be considered arrogant or distant.
31. Handshake - Handshake variables include:
•Strength (weak - strong)
•Temperature (cold - hot)
•Moisture (damp - dry)
•Fullness of grip (full - partial)
•Duration (brief - long)
•Speed (slow - fast)
•Complexity (shake - dance)
•Texture (rough - smooth)
•Eye contact (prolonged - intermittent - none)
Styles - A firm grip shows confidence, whilst a limp grip may indicate timidity,
particularly in men (women may be expected to be more gentile). Palm down
indicates dominance and a feeling of superiority ('I am on top'). Palms
sideways indicate equality. Palm up indicates submission. A long handshake
can indicate pleasure and can signal dominance, particularly if one person
tries to pull away and the dominant person does not let them. Dominance
may also be shown by using the other hand to grip the person, such as at the
wrist, elbow, arm or shoulder. This may also be done by gripping the shaken
hand with both of your hands. This may also indicate affection or pleasure
(which allows for an ambiguous signal).
32. A variant of the dominant handshake which is used by
politicians who are being photographed and hence shake
hands side-by-side is to stand on the left hand side of the
other person. This means your hand will be on the
outside and it will look like you are the dominant party to
those viewing the photograph. Responses to the
dominant handshake can include counter-touching (use
your other hand to hold their hand, wrist, elbow, arm or
shoulder), hugging (pull them in), thrusting (push them
away by pushing your hand towards them) and stepping
the side. Hand-touching is also used, for example the
'high five', where open palms are touched high in the air,
or where closed fists are tapped. Where the other person
is not gripped, the origins may be in potentially
aggressive situations where holding of another could be
construed as a threatening act.
Salute - Salute variables include:
•Shape of hand (straight - curved)
•Speed (fast - slower)
•Head-touch (forehead - none)
•Shape (up-down - curved)
33. Style - The salute is a formal greeting where the open hand is brought up to
the forehead. It is often used in the military in a strictly prescribed manner
and situation. There are several possible origins of this, including:
•Shading the eyes from the brilliance of a superior person.
•An abbreviation of raising one's hat or tugging the forelock (in the absence
of a hat).
•Raising helmet visor to show the face (to allow recognition and dispel
fears of enmity).
•Raising the hand to show it does not contain a weapon.
Bowing - Bowing variables include:
•Lowering (slight - very low)
•Pivot (head - waist)
•Duration (short - long)
•Gender style (bow - curtsey)
Style - Bowing is another formal greeting and can be as extreme as a full
90 degree bend from the waist to even complete prostration on the floor.
This averts the eyes ('I dare not look at your majesty') and exposes the
head (‘you can kill me if you wish').
34. Bowing amongst peers is commonly used in a severely contracted form as
a slight nod of the head. Even in the shortened form, the lower and longer
the bow, the greater the respect that is demonstrated. If eye contact is
maintained during a bow, it can signify either mistrust or liking. Looking
down as you bow indicates submission, although this also can just be a
formal action.
The female variant on the bow is the curtsey, which again can be a full
sinking to the floor or a slight bob. Similarly to bowing, this puts the person
lower than the other person and into a position of greater vulnerability.
Bowing is different in different cultures. In countries such as Japan it is
clearly defined and an important part of greetings. In other countries it is
less important or maybe seen as obsequious
Waving - Variables for waving include:
•Open palm (flat - curved)
•Movement angle (big - small)
•Raised (above head - held low)
•Direction (sideways rotation - up-down)
35. Style - Waving can be done from a distance. This allows for greeting
when you first spot another person. Waves gain attention and a big,
overhead wave can attract a person from some distance. This also makes
others look at you and is not likely from a timid person. A stationary palm,
held up and facing out is far less obvious and may be flashed for a short
period, particularly if the other person is looking at you (all you need is
that they see the greeting). Greeting children is often done with a small
up-and-down movement of fingers, holding the rest of the palm still.
Between adults, this can be a timid or safe signal from a child position ('I
won't harm you - please don't harm me.').
Hugging - Hugging variables include:
•Hand placement (shoulder, etc.)
•Arms touch (none - wrap)
•Body position (front - side - behind)
•Pressure (light - strong)
•Body touching (none - full)
•Gender (man/woman - man/woman)
36. Styles - Hugging is a closer and more affectionate form of greeting than
shaking hands and perhaps reflects a desire for bonding. Hugging is
generally more common between friends, although its usage does vary
across cultures and is common in some places. Gender rules may also
apply, for example hugging in America is far more common between
women than between men. Harassment laws may also limit touching of
the other person in what may be interpreted as an intimate way. Full-body
hugs create contact with breasts and between genitalia and hence may be
sexually suggestive or stimulating. This tends to limit their use to romantic
greetings, although they are still used in some cultures, including between
men. Light shoulder-only hugs are more common as social greetings, in
which people lean forward in order not to break rules about touching
breasts or genitalia. Side-on, one-handed hugs are safer and can be a
friendly touch. Even so, this still can be a deliberate romantic advance or
act of domination (even if not, it may be perceived as such). Longer, fuller
hugs often signal greater affection and may happen between people who
have not seen one another for some time. Hugging someone from behind
can be surprising and even threatening, and is usually only done by
friends who trust one another implicitly.
37. Kissing - Contact during kissing can be:
Lip/cheek to lip/cheek
Duration (peck - smooch)
Tongue (involved - not)
Gender (man/woman to man/woman)
Body involvement (none - full)
Styles - In some cultures, kissing is a part of social
greeting. This may or may not include man-man and
man-woman (which can lead to significant cross-cultural
embarrassment). The type of kiss is governed strongly
by the relationship. Social greetings are relatively short,
and may involve double or triple kissing, alternating
either side of the face. General friendship kissing may
be longer and with more body contact, though mostly
using arms to include a hug (and steady the body). The
most intense kiss is the romantic kiss which may well
include full-length body touching, caressing with hands
and lip-to-lip kisses that may even include interplay of
tongues.
38. Facial signals
The face is used a great deal in sending greeting signals, and accompanies
other greeting activity for example saying:
•Smiling: I am pleased to see you.
•Frowning: I am angry with you.
•Raised eyebrows: I am surprised to see you.
•Eyebrows together: I do not know your name.
•Looking down: I am inferior to you.
•Expressionless: I do not care about you.
Eye contact is particularly important in greeting and is usually held for a
socially prescribed period. Prolonged eye contact can indicate both
affection and dominance. Little or no eye contact can indicate timidity ('I
dare not look at you'), dislike ('I do not want to see you') or dominance
('You are unimportant and below my interest.'). As with the handshake, a
dominant signal may be sent under cover of the 'friendly' greeting.
Words
The words used in greetings can change significantly with the culture and
context.
39. Formality
Informal greetings often use non-words and short forms like 'Hi', 'Watcha',
'Yay' and so on. Formal meetings use more formal language, such as
'Hello', 'Greetings', 'Good day' and so on. In some cultures, greeting is very
formal and a fixed set of words are required in specific situations,
'Greeting, O holy one, father of us all and master of the world'.
Other greetings
There are many other ways in which people greet and further subtleties
around the actions above, including:
•Touching or raising a hat
•Pressing or rubbing noses
•Touching or pressing bodies together in certain places and ways
•Moving the body through a defined locus
•Giving of gifts
•Touching palms or fists
Greetings may also be extended to parting, for which there are many
similar rituals, including handshakes, bows and words of praise.
40. Open body language
A significant cluster of body movements are all about being open. This is
sometimes misinterpreted solely as indicating being relaxed and untense.
Remember that perhaps the most significant part of being open or close is
the act of opening or closing. When you open or close, you are signaling a
change in the way you are thinking or feeling, which is likely to be in
response to what the other person has said or done.
Language of openness
The open stance has arms and legs not crossed in any way. They may
also be moving in various ways.
Arms open
Arms are not crossed and may be animated and moving in
synchronization with what is being said or held wide. Palms are also
relaxed and may be quite expressive, for example appearing to hold
things and form more detailed shapes. Open hands show that nothing is
being concealed.
41. Legs open
Open legs are not crossed. Often they are parallel. They may even be
stretched apart. The feet are of interest in open legs and may point forward
or to the side or at something or someone of interest.
Looking around and at the other person
The head may be directed solely towards the other person or may be
looking around. Eye contact is likely to be relaxed and prolonged.
Relaxed clothing
Clothing is likely to hang loosely and actions to loosen clothing may take
place, such as removing a jacket and unbuttoning a collar.
Reasons for opening
There can be several reasons for open body language. In particular look for
the transition when the body opens and the triggers that may have caused
this change.
Accepting
When arms rounded and palms are sideways, the person may be offering a
'mock hug', showing that they care for the other person. Gestures may be
slower and symbolize gentleness.
42. Passive threat - An open posture may be associated with a passive threat.
When the person casually 'exposes them self‘ by opening their body and
looking away they are opening themselves for attack. When this is relaxed,
it may be saying 'I am so powerful and you are so weak, you are unable to
attack me even when I am exposed.‘
Aggression - When there is tension in the open body, especially if fists are
clenched, then this may be a sign of significant aggression. The person is
effectively holding their body open in readiness for a fight. Aggression is
also seen when the body is square on to the other person and is relatively
close to them. Movements may be particularly sudden and designed to test
the other person's reactions.
Supplicating - When palms are held upwards, this may form a pleading
gesture and may be combined with lowering of the body. This is saying
'Please don't hurt me'. Opening the body in supplication is also saying
'Here, you can hurt me if you wish' and is equivalent to a dog who rolls over
on its back and exposes itself to indicate that it is not a threat.
Relaxing - And finally, the open body may simply be the body at rest,
relaxed and comfortable.
43. Power body language
Power is often expressed in communication as a combination of strength
and humanity. This is very attractive and is a form of Hurt and Rescue.
Greeting
Handshake - As the other person approaches, move to left side, extend
your arm horizontally, palm down (be first to do this). Grab their palm firmly,
pull them in and hold their elbow with your left hand. The horizontal arm is
an unmissable signal. Palm on top is being dominant, putting yourself on top.
Holding the elbow further controls them. The royal handshake is
outstretched arm to keep the other at their distance. A limp hand, palm
down, stops them doing a power shake.
Touching - Touching is power symbol. Touching people can be threatening,
and is used by leaders to demonstrate power. The handshake is, of course,
a touch, and can lead to further touching, such as the elbow grip and patting
shoulders and back.
Guide people with a palm in the small of the back. Greet them with a hand
on the back. Touch them on the elbow or other 'safe' areas.
44. Speaking
Talking - Talk with confidence and use the body beat in time with assertions.
Beat with a finger, a palm or even a fist (which is rather aggressive).
Emphasize and exaggerate your points. Use silences too. Pause in the
middle of speaking and look around at everyone. If you are not interrupted
they are probably respecting your power. Stand confidently without speaking.
Look around, gazing into people's eyes for slightly longer than usual.
Emoting - It is powerful to show that you have emotion, but in the right place
only. It shows you are human. At other times it emphasizes how you are in
control. A neat trick is to bite the lower lip, as it shows both emotion and
control (Bill Clinton did it 15 times in 2 minutes during the Monica Lewinsky
'confession')…and
Walking - Walk with exaggerated swinging of arms, palm down and out. Kink
elbows outwards, making the body seem wider. Add a slight swagger. When
walking with others, be in front of them. When going through doors, if you are
going to an audience, go first. If you are going from an audience, go last
(guiding others through shows dominance).
Position - Generally be higher. Sit on a higher chair. Stand over people.
Wear heels. Drive a higher car.
45. Ready body language
A significant cluster of body movements are all about being ready for
something.
Language of readiness - A ready body is poised for action.
Pointing - Any part of the body may be pointing at where the person is
thinking about. This may be another person or the door. This may be as
subtle as a foot or as obvious as the whole body leaning. Eyes may also
repeated flash over in the intended direction.
Tension - The body is tensed up and ready for action. If sitting, hands may
hold onto armrests in readiness to get up. Legs are tensed ready to lift the
body. Things in the hand are gripped. Attention is away from everything
except the intended direction.
Hooking - The hands may slightly hook clothing, in particular with thumbs
hooked into the waistband. This is like a not-quite putting of hands in
pockets, indicating the person is relaxed but ready to move quickly.
Movement - Where there is movement, it is in preparation for further
movement. Legs uncross. Hands grab bags, straighten clothing, and so on.
The whole body leans in the intended direction.
46. Reasons for readiness - There can be several reasons for a ready body
language.
Leaving - The person may want to leave. Perhaps they have another
appointment. Perhaps they are uncomfortable with the situation and just
want to get out of there.
Ready to buy - When a person is ready to buy, then they may send
readiness signals. They point at the thing they want to buy or the contract
that needs selling.
Continuing conversation - Readiness may also be to talk more. When
you are talking and they show readiness signals, maybe they just want to
say something.
Ready to fight - When a person sees a real or verbal fight coming up, they
put their body in a position where they can move quickly, either to attack or
to defend.
47. Let’s have some fun; read aloud the text in the triangle
below:
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53. Corporate Mailing Address:
546 South Main Street
Lock Box 304
Cedar City, Utah 84720
435-249-5600
435-867-1988 Fax
support@neternatives.com
http://AppliedMindSciences.com