The document provides information about the cardiovascular system, including the heart and blood vessels. It discusses the anatomy and layers of the heart, including the pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium. It describes the four chambers of the heart - two atria and two ventricles. It outlines the heart's location in the thorax and examines the heart valves and conducting system, including the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. It also reviews the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart.

1. LECTURE TOPIC:
CARDIO – VASCULAR
SYSTEM

2. C.V.S
HEART BLOOD
VESSELS
Arteries Veins
(Cor, cordis)

3.  Cone shaped, muscular organ.
 Weight = 250 – 350 gm.
 Located in the middle mediastinum
 Four chambers: two atria, two ventricles
 Both ventricles – double pump
 Responsible for blood circulation
THE HEART

4. HEART POSITION IN THE THORAX

5. From 2nd rib – 5th I/C space
Apex – 1 cm inside to left mid clavicular line

6. Chest X RAY:
Male X Ray
Female X Ray
Note location of the heart

7. Layers of the heart:
1. Pericardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium
(Heart muscle is in between outer and inner layers)

8. Fibrous
Serous
(Visceral = Epicardium)

9. Development of pericardium around the heart

10. The Pericardium:

11. MYOCARDIUM:
Middle layer of the heart.
Thickness:
Atria = 2 – 3 mm.
Right ventricle = 4 – 6 mm.
Left ventricle = 11 – 14 mm.
Insertion: Fibrous skeleton of the heart

12. MYOCARDIUM

13. Myocardium :
In atria: Pectinate muscles
In ventricles: Papillary muscles
3 Papillary muscles in the RV (attaches to the
tricuspid valve cusps).
 2 Papillary muscles in the LV ( attaches to the
bicuspid value cusps.
(From inside)

14. MiddlePapillary
Muscles
Chordae
Tendineae
Valve
cusps

15. ENDOCARDIUM:
•Inner layer of the heart.
•Covers hart chambers from inside.
•Formed by endothelia.
•Participates in the formation of heart valves.

16. Myocardium
Tricuspid
Mitral
Aortic
Pulmonary

17. HEART CHAMBERS
Two Atria Two Ventricles

18. HEART CHAMBERS
=======================================================

19. R.A
R.V
L.A
L.V
R R
INTER VENTRICULAR SEPTUM
INTER ATRIAL SEPTUM
HEART CHAMBERS

20. HEART VALVES:
Four Valves in the heart.
Open and close (heart beating)

21. VALVES OF THE HEART
Two in between
Atria and Ventricles
Two in the start
Of Great vessels

22. VALVES INSIDE THE HEART:
• RIGHT A.V. VALVE = TRICUSPID VALVE
• LEFT A.V. VALVE = BICUSPID VALVE
(Mitral valve)
R RVALVEVALVE
TRICUSPID BICUSPID

23. ATRIO – VENTRICULAR VALVES
(TRICUSPID AND BICUSPID VALVES)

24. PULMONARY AND AORTIC VALVES
(SEMI-LUNAR VALVES)

25. Conducting system of the heart:
ATYPICAL MYOCARDIUM:
IMPULSE
GENERATING
IMPULSE
CONDECTING
(NODE)
(BUNDLE)

26. NODES:
1. Sino – Atrial node (S.A Node)
(Self generating Pacemaker)
2. Atrio – Ventricular node (A.V Node)
(generate impulse when S.A node fails)

27. BUNDLES:
Inter atrial
pathways
Inter ventricular
bundles
Three in number
Connect S.A Node
to the A.V Node
Bundle of Hiss
Right Bundle Branch
Left Bundle Branch

28. Conducting system
of the heart:

30. BLOOD SUPLY OF THE HEART
1. RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY
2. LEFT CORONARY ARTERY

31. BLOOD SUPLY OF THE HEART

32. BLOOD
SUPLY
OF THE
HEART

33. thank you for attention.
THE END!