This is Series if Presentations, total 17 Presentations, this is No. 2, Next will be Hydel Power of Pakistan, Finally ending in last 4 presentations at Solutions to energy crises to Pakistan.
Impact of Thar Coal on Electricity Generation & Economic Growth of PakistanSandeep Kumar
This project is given in course; Pakistan Economic Policy. This report is about issue in energy sector of Pakistan, sources of electricity generation used by Pakistan, wrong fuel choice, comparing electricity generation from coal with other countries, demand & supply gap, national cause of load shedding, economic impact of electricity deficit. This report contain information how thar coal van solve problem of electricity gap along with its social & economic benefits, and annual saving in foreign exchange.
It is considered as the easiest way to convert coal to gasified product such as hydrogen. can reduce the unwanted expenses like waste disposal and transportation
mine environment engineering
Intrinsic safety and flameproof apparatus in mines
research and development on explosions in mines
prevention of explosion in mines
Impact of Thar Coal on Electricity Generation & Economic Growth of PakistanSandeep Kumar
This project is given in course; Pakistan Economic Policy. This report is about issue in energy sector of Pakistan, sources of electricity generation used by Pakistan, wrong fuel choice, comparing electricity generation from coal with other countries, demand & supply gap, national cause of load shedding, economic impact of electricity deficit. This report contain information how thar coal van solve problem of electricity gap along with its social & economic benefits, and annual saving in foreign exchange.
It is considered as the easiest way to convert coal to gasified product such as hydrogen. can reduce the unwanted expenses like waste disposal and transportation
mine environment engineering
Intrinsic safety and flameproof apparatus in mines
research and development on explosions in mines
prevention of explosion in mines
This technical paper was published by Bureau of Energy Efficiency under their EMT Program. It was summary of my MBA summer training report at Reliance Infra - 2008
Imported Coal Specification
Coal Trading Market Details
Why coal is better than fuel
Coal used in cement manufacturing and other industries
Pakistan top 5 coal traders
Coal Mines How and where are coal mines found in Chhattisgarh Basically, the coal mine of Vishrampur is shown in this, which is spread in its area of Bishrampur or South of Chhattisgarh.
There is coal mine in south east along with it there is also coal mine in Parsa Amira .
Coal mine is basically of 2 types open casting and underground coal mine. Coal mine of Vishrampur both type.
Both types of coal come under the category of mines, in which first open casting is done, after that the underground coal itself comes in different types of coal mines in different districts of Chhattisgarh. There is a coal mine, it has seen different types of uses such as in the food industry, in the cement industry, in the three industries, in the bauxite industry, in the sugarcane industry, as well as in the iron industry.
Coal There are four types of coal, which are shown in the following way in this article,
so you read and understand this article and how did you like it, definitely write in the comment thank you.
CHARACTERIZATION AND WASHABILITY STUDIES OF RAW COAL OF BALUCHISTANAM Publications
Abstract— Five mesh sizes of -1/2 +3/8,-3/8+4,-1+3/4,-3/4+1/2 and -4+10. The four specific gravity solutions were prepared for carrying out the wash ability studies of Degari Coal of Balochistan by ZnCl2 which are as followed 1.25, 1.3, 1.35, 1.4 respectively. The wash ability studies of Degari Coal have been completed. The results showed that the Calorific Value of Degari Coal have been up-graded to 13565 btu/lb which was earlier 9875 btu/lb and the ash content is reduced from 50% down to 30% with an increase in Fixed Carbon up to 4%. The maximum recovery of 90% was obtained during the float sink of -3/4”+1/2” on 1.40 specific gravity solution. The results which were obtained 2.39, 5.62, 48.15, 46.25, 13565 and 3.36 were moisture, ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, Calorific value and Sulphur respectively. The weight recovery on the specific gravity solution is 90% with the maximum calorific value of 13565 btu/lb.
Keywords— Dense medium separation; float and sink method; Calorific value; Specific gravity;
Canada Cobalt Works Corporate PresentationMomentumPR
Canada Cobalt Works Inc. (formerly Castle Silver Resources) is a growing cobalt focused Company with past producing Canadian cobalt/silver mines under exploration. The Company also owns a proprietary environmentally friendly metal separation technology for efficient cobalt extraction that was used in 2018 to produce a cobalt sulphate compound suitable for end use in battery production. The material used to produce the compound was taken directly from the first level adit at the historic Castle Silver Mine site. The Company continues to advance on several fronts with cobalt demand forecast to increase due to greater supply needs for battery producers to meet rising global demand for electric vehicles.
Pakistan chilli production scenario by Tariq Sarwar Awan, Food TechnologistMalik Tariq Sarwar Awan
Presenting Pakistan Chili Production Scenario , we are suffering from aflatoxin issue. pakistan is a major player in chili production but we are importing inspite of exporting. our leading industries are importing chili powder, topic needs to be focussed.
as 60 % woman are Anemic and 50 % plus kids are anemic in Pakistan, This situation is alarming so we have taken the initiative for betterment of our Nation and service to humanity as 81 countries in the World have mandatory fortification. this is my presentation as consultant to Global Alliance to Improved Nutrition at Pakistan Flour Mills Association Head Quarters in Lahore.
WHEAT FLOUR FORTIFICATION STATUS IN PAKISTAN AND ENTREPRENEURIAL APPROACHESMalik Tariq Sarwar Awan
As Global Alliance for improved Nutrition is relaunching Wheat Flour Fortification Project in Pakistan with Pakistan Flour Mills Association and National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Pakistan. This was My presentation at two day training workshop for ENTERPRENEURSHIP APPROACH IN VALUE ADDED BAKED PRODUCTS.
How to Make Feasibility of A Mega Project by Tariq Sarwar Awan Food Technolog...Malik Tariq Sarwar Awan
This is the Right and Comprehensive procedure to make Feasibilty and conduct study for any Mega Project, This Presentation is made by Two Professional Experts to share their Knowledge with Others for Guidance.
Regards,
Tariq Sarwar Awan & Engr. Saima Khoro
I AM TRYING FOR BETTER PAKISTAN, SO I WILL PRESENT POSITIVE SIDE OF EVERY ISSUE OF PAKISTAN AND ALSO TRY TO GIVE SOLUTION TO EVERY PAKISTANI CORE ISSUE.
TARIQ SARWAR AWAN
A PAKISTAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT COMPREHENSIVE ENERGY PLAN by A GENIUS SCHOL...Malik Tariq Sarwar Awan
GROWTH AND DEVELOPEMNT EFFORTS FOR PAKISTAN TO BECOME A DEVELOPED COUNTRY by Tariq Sarwar Awan A Genius Research Analyst, Scholar and Public Representative Tariq Sarwar Awan in his Public Awareness program. I am working on all the core issues to give their SOLUTIONS for rapid growth of my Nation, Great Pakistan
GROWTH AND DEVELOPEMNT EFFORTS FOR PAKISTAN TO BECOME A DEVELOPED COUNTRY by Tariq Sarwar Awan A Research Analyst, Scholar and Public Representative Tariq Sarwar Awan in his Public Awareness program. I am working on all the core issues to give their SOLUTIONS for rapid growth of my Nation, Great Pakistan
Pakistan Growth and Development Efforts 100 plans for Developent of Pakistan ...Malik Tariq Sarwar Awan
GROWTH ,AND DEVELOPEMNT EFFORTS FOR PAKISTAN TO BECOME A DEVELOPED COUNTRY by Tariq Sarwar Awan A Research Analyst, Scholar and Public Representative Tariq Sarwar Awan in his Public Awareness program. I am working on all the core issues to give their SOLUTIONS for rapid growth of my Nation, Great Pakistan
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf
Thar Coal, A Black Treasure OF Pakistan ( Series of Presentations, (No. 2/17)
1. BLACK TREASURE OF PAKISTAN
THAR COAL
( A SURE BRIGHT FUTURE )
SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY CRISES OF PAKISTAN
SERIES PRESENTATION No. 2 out of 17 Presentations
BY
Malik Tariq Sarwar Awan, Food Technologist,
Chairman Research Wing, Pakistan Flour Mills Association,
Editor, Wheat Milling News, PFMA .
Member Pakistan Society of Food Scientists and Technologists
&
Engineer Saima Khoro,
BE Electrical, MS Engineering Management.
Trans World International
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
1
2. A Comparison of Power Generation fuel Mix
World
Pakistan
World Power Generation fuel Mix 2008-09
Pakistan Power Generation Fuel Mix 2008-09
Nuclear, 1.8%
Others 2%
Nuclear 15%
Coal 41%
Nuclear
Hydel
Hydro 16%
Gas
Gas, 32.4
%
Hydel, 30.
3%
Oil
Coal
Gas 20%
others
Coal, 0.1%
Oil, 35.4%
Oil 6%
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
2
3. Demand & Supply Gap Projection for
Pakistan
Project Demand
Gap (MW)
Current Installed Capacity (MW)
Year
MW
2010
24,474
6,577
2015
36,217
18,320
54,359
36,462
80,566
62,669
113,695
95,798
2020
19,566
2025
2030
Source: Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO)
Future Energy Demand Supply Gap is Alarming!
3
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
3
4. Benefit to Economy – Reduction in Power Generation
Cost
• NPV of savings from Block II alone is over Rs. 3.2 Trillion
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
4
5. Annual Savings in Foreign Exchange from Thar
Block II
•
Cumulative savings of over USD 87 Billion from Block II alone
•
Net Present Value of USD 31 B discounted at the rate of inflation (US CPI: 3%)
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
5
6. Pakistan’s Coal Reserves
Sindh
186.560 billion tonnes
Thar 175 billion tonnes
Punjab
235 million tonnes
Balochistan
217 million tonnes
KPK
90 million tonnes
Azad Kashmir
Thar
9 million tonnes
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
6
9. GLOBAL COAL BASED POWER GENERATION
SCENARIO
• Coal is one of the world‘s most important sources of
energy, fuelling almost 40% of electricity worldwide. In
many countries, this figure is much higher:
• Poland relies on coal for over 94% of its electricity;
• South Africa for
92%;
• China for
77%;
• Australia for
76%.
• Coal has been the world‘s fastest growing energy
source in recent years — faster than
gas, oil, nuclear, hydro and renewable sources.
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
9
10. THAR COAL FIELD
• The Thar coalfield is located in Thar Desert, Tharparkar
District of Sindh province in Pakistan. The deposits - 6th
largest coal reserves in the world, were discovered in 1991
by Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) and the United State
Agency for International Development.
• Pakistan has emerged as one of the leading countries seventh in the list of top 20 countries of the world after the
discovery of huge lignite coal resources in Sindh. The
economic coal deposits of Pakistan are restricted to Paleocene
and Eocene rock sequences. It is one of the world’s
largest lignite deposits discovered by GSP in 90’s, spread over
more than 9,000 km2. comprise around 175 billion tones
sufficient to meet the country’s fuel requirements for
centuries.
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
10
12. Background Primer on Coal:
• Coal consists of the fossilized remains of ancient
plant life that have been transformed through
metamorphosis into carbon-rich mineral deposits.
Coal mineral classification considers type, rank, and
grade. The plant life that coal originated from
determines its type, and the degree of
metamorphosis determines its rank, grade, and the
amount of inorganic mineral matter present.
Qualities such as moisture, carbon, sulfur, and ash
content contribute to a coal’s heating value as a fuel
(measured in British thermal units Btu.
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
12
14. The Coal Cycle
• After being mined, coal goes through a
cleaning prep facility, where it is cleaned and
separated by grades. Cleaning upgrades the
quality of the coal by removing some of the
impurities such as rock, clay, and other ashproducing material. Utilities burn pulverized
coal to produce high-pressure steam that
powers an electric generator. As coal is
burned, emissions are produced that contain
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon
dioxide, particulate matter, ash, and mercury.
A discussion of coal combustion emissions is
found.
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
14
16. SO2 Grades and Ranges
SO2 Grade
SO2 Content Range
(lbs./MMBtu)
A
B
D
E
G
H
0.00 – 0.80
0.81 – 1.20
1.21 – 1.66
1.67 – 3.34
3.35 – 5.00
> 5.00
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
16
17. MINING METHODS
UNDERGROUND MINING
There are two main methods of underground mining:
A- room-and-pillar mining
B- long wall mining.
• The main advantage of room–and-pillar mining over longwall mining is
that it allows coal production to start much more quickly, using mobile
machinery that costs under $5 million (longwall mining machinery can
cost $50 million). The choice of mining technique is site specific but
always based on economic considerations; differences even within a
single mine can lead to both methods being used.
2- SURFACE MINING or open cut mining
• Surface mining – also known as opencast or opencut mining – is only
economic when the coal seam is near the surface. This method recovers
a higher proportion of the coal deposit than underground mining as all
coal seams are exploited – 90% or more of the coal can be recovered.
1-
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
17
18. ROOM AND PILLAR MINING
In room-and-pillar mining, coal deposits are mined by
cutting a network of ‘rooms’ into the coal seam and
leaving behind ‘pillars’ of coal to support the roof of
the mine. These pillars can be up to 40% of the total
coal in the seam – although this coal can sometimes
be recovered at a later stage. This can be achieved in
what is known as ‘retreat mining’, where coal is
mined from the pillars as workers retreat. The roof is
then allowed to collapse and the mine is abandoned.
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
18
20. LONG WALL MINING
• Long wall mining involves the full extraction of coal
from a section of the seam or ‘face’ using mechanical
shearers. A long wall face requires careful planning to
ensure favorable geology exists throughout the
section before development work begins. The coal
‘face’ can vary in length from 100-350m. Self
advancing, hydraulically-powered supports
temporarily hold up the roof while coal is extracted.
When coal has been extracted from the area, the
roof is allowed to collapse. Over 75% of the coal in
the deposit can be extracted from panels of coal that
can extend 3km through the coal seam.
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
20
28. Efforts & Achievements of Government of Sindh for Thar
• The road map for the development of Pakistan coal
reserve‘ needs to be built on recognizing coal as an
integral part of future energy mix and devising
strategy to develop it as ‗core resource‘ in energy
mix. This approach requires an enabling
environment, which can be achieved by investing
exclusively in building physical and institutional
infrastructure. The government of Sindh has taken
many initiatives and following benchmarks have
been achieved to provide enabling environment:-
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
28
29. i. Thar Coal Projects declared as Projects of National Importance and
development of Thar coal as a matter of national security.
ii. Creation of one window organization viz. TCEB having both federal
and provincial governments sit together to facilitate collective
decisions making regarding Thar Coal Development.
iii. Provision of Fiscal Incentive Package for attracting FDI to Thar-Thar
Coal & Energy Board and ECC approved a comprehensive Incentive
package.
iv. There is no customs duty on Coal Mining Machinery and Equipment
and 20.5% IRR has been guaranteed by ECC to those projects, which
achieve financial close before December 2014.
v. Promotion of Joint Venture Partnership in Coal Development has
been introduced and bold initiative of entering into a unique joint
venture agreement, with one of the largest industrial groups of the
country, viz Engro Group for Thar Coal Development is one of the
key proactive steps taken by the Government of Sindh.
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
29
30. vi. Detailed exploration and geological assessment of 12 Blocks
measuring 1483 Sq Km with total lignite resources of more than 20
billion tons sufficient to meet power requirement of the country for
next 100 years.
vii. Construction of Thar Airport to facilitate investors-Thar Coalfield is
located 410 km away from nearest airport. Air port Construction
works are in full swing and by December 2013 Thar Airport will be
available to facilitate travel of local and foreign investors to coalfields
and for transportation of light machinery and equipment.
viii. Improvement of Road Network leading to Thar Coal field for
movement of heavy Mining Machinery- Government of Sindh has
initiated the project for Improvement & Widening of Road Network
from Seaport Karachi to Thar Coalfield Area via Thatta, Badin, up to
Wango (Phase-I 200 KM) and Wango More to Thar Coalfield Area
(Phase-II 134.86 km). The Project will be completed in 2014.
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
30
31. ix. Construction and successful operation of Reverse Osmosis Plants in
Thar for supply of potable water to people of Thar Region-the
Government of Sindh as part of infrastructure development
undertook the task for providing long-term and economical solution
of potable water to the inhabitants living near coalfield area of Thar
Desert. Brackish/saline groundwater converted into potable water
through sophisticated Reverse Osmosis (water desalination)
technology. Government of Sindh has installed 110 RO plants in
Tharparkar, Thatta, Badin, Umarkot areas catering the population of
approx 850000 in four districts.
x. Construction of Thar Lodge-Keeping in view the requirements of
decent accommodation for investors near Coal Mining site at
Islamkot, the Government of Sindh has constructed a high standard
accommodation facility by the name of Thar Lodge. Thar Lodge is
consisting of five chalets each having two bed rooms and a main
building having 10 rooms, drawing/dining hall, kitchen, dormitories,
lobby, porch, mosque, garage and servant quarters.
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
31
32. TYPES & USES OF COAL
• Low Rank Coals 47%
• Hard Coals 53 %
•
(High Moisture Content of Coal)
•
•
Lignite 17 %
( Used for Power Generation)
1- Bituminous
•
Sub Bituminus 30 %
(Used for Power Generation, Cement
Manufacture,
Industrial Uses)
(Carbon/Energy Content of Coal)
52 %
A- Thermal Steam Cool
(Used for Power Generation, Cement
Manufacture,
Industrial Uses)
B- Metallurgical Coking Cool
Used for Manufacture of Iron and Steel
2- Anthracite .1 %
• Used for Domestic, Industrial and For
Smokeless Fuel
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
32
33. Uses of Lignite
Combustion (Steam)
Electricity (Steam Turbines)
Lignite
Coal
Gasification
CH4
CO
CO2
H2
H2
Ash
Tar
Naphta
Phenol
Catechols
Carbon Dioxide
Dephenolized Cresylic Acid
H2S
NH3
Crude Oil Refinery
Coal to Liquid
Fisher Tropsch
Synthesis
Ammonia
Fertilizer
Explosives
Source: Syngas and Coal Technology, R & D, SASOL – Mr Johannes Van Heerdeen
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
33
Ethanol
Jet Fuel
Diesel
Petrol
Paraffin
Chemicals (Ethylene
Polymers
34. Coal in Electricity Generation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
South Africa
Poland
China
Australia
Kazakhstan
India
Israel
Czech Rep
Morocco
Greece
USA
Germany
93%
87%
79%
78%
75%
68%
58%
51%
51%
54%
45%
41%
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
34
35. How is Coal Converted to Electricity?
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
35
36. Lignite Based Power Generation in India
• Lignite mining all over the world is being carried out under
complex hydro geological and geotechnical environments
causing a range of problems affecting the production method
and utilization of run-off mine coal. There are many practical
examples of large lignite deposit developments in the world.
Neyvelli lignite deposit in South India is among those with
similar geological conditions at Thar Pakistan. There are no
technical difficulties in developing this lignite field and
producing lignite from a deep place.
• The lignite seam in Neyvelli lignite deposit was first exposed in
August 1961, and regular mining of lignite commenced in May
1962. Neyvelli Lignite Corporation Ltd. is producing
approximately 2.4 million tons of lignite from four open cast
pits, and feeds the lignite to mine-mouth power plants (Total
capacity 2740 MW).
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
36
37. Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited India
• Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited (NLC) is a governmentowned lignite mining and power generating company in India.
NLC operates the largest open-pit lignite mines in
India, presently mining 24 MT of lignite and has an installed
capacity of 2,740 MW of electricity. It also supplies a large
quantity of sweet water to Chennai from the artesian aquifers
in the lignite mines. On 11 April 2011, it joined the elite group
of Navratna Companies. In 1956 NLC was formed as a
Corporate body.
•
• Founded1956
• HeadquartersChennai, India
• Key people Shri. B Surender Mohan (Chairman & MD)
• Revenue
48.66 billion(US$780 million)(2011–2012)
• Net income 14.11 billion(US$230 million)(2011–2012)
Employees 18,434 (2011)
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
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38. Pakistan Coal vs India Coal
Thar Lignite Coal field
Pakistan
Neyveli Lignite deposits
India
Overburden Condition
Upper strata dune sand 14-93
m (av 50 m) sand slit clay
Lower strata Alluvial deposit
11-209 m (av 150 m) sand
stone siltstone
Cuddalore sandstone 45 m to
103 m (Lateric-clayey very
hard sand stone)
Annual Production
Planned
5.0 million Tons (Bl. 1)
6.5 Million Tons (Bl. 2)
2.4 Million Tons (Bl. 6)
Mine 1 10.5 Million Tons,
Mine 1-A 3.0 Million Tons,
Mine 2 15.0 Million Tons,
Barsinsar 2.1 Million Tons
Strip Ratio
6.6 :1 (m3:t)
7.0 :1 (m3:t)
Quality Control Rank
Lignite A to Lignite B
Lignite (no coal rank data)
Moisture
44.77%
53.0 %
Volatile Matter
23.42 %
24.0 %
Fixed Carbon
16.66 %
20.0 %
Sulphur
1.16 %
0.6 %
Heating Value
(3208 Kcal/kg
2400 Kcal/kg
Ash
6.24
3.0
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
38
39. Status of Mining & Power Projects at Thar Coal
THAR COAL BLOCKS
STATUS TIMELINES
BLOCK 1
Global Mining Company of China
Open cast mining of 10 mtpa 900 MW
Coal Supply to Local Thermal Plants and
Cement Industry
Bankable Feasibility Completed
Planned Coal Prod. by 2015-2016
Power Generation by 2017-2018
BLOCK 2
Sindh Engro Coal Mining Company
(JV 51 % GoS, 49 % Engro)
Open cast mining of 6.5 mtpa 600 MW
Bankable Feasibility completed 2010
Sovereign Guarantees by Goop for mining
approved to facilitate by Chinese financial
institutions
Ground Breaking held 14 March, 2013
Over burden removal on Jan 2014
Project plans to reach 3.5 years 2017
BLOCK 5
Under ground coal gasification Project
And Power plant Planned
36 bore holes have been drilled
Test bum done in Dec 2011 & Syn Gas being
produced
Power plant of 8-10 MW is being installed
BLOCK 6
Oracle Coal Fields PLC UK
Open cast mine of 2.2 mtpa
Detailed feasibility completed April 2011, Start
of mine development 2014
Agreement with KESC for 300 MW
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
39
40. Thanks a Lot
• It’s a Series of Presentations and Comprehensive
papers will be later printed in the shape for a Book
which will include
INTEGRATED ENERGY MODEL FOR PAKISTAN
and
WORKABLE SOLUTIONS TO ENERGY CRISES IN PAKISTAN.
• Best Regards From:
MALIK TARIQ SARWAR AWAN
and
ENGR. SAIMA KHORO.
Hope our Efforts for Betterment of Pakistan Will be
appreciated by Our Viewers.
by Tariq Sarwar & Engr. Saima
40