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PPT 31-05-2023 CHP ET TRAINING.pptx

This document provides an overview of the coal handling plant (CHP) at NTPC Dadri power station. It discusses the various components of the CHP including the wagon unloading systems, crushers, conveyors, stacker reclaimers, and coal yards. It also covers maintenance schedules, coal sourcing and transportation logistics, and presents diagrams of the CHP layout. The CHP transports coal from incoming trains to bunkers at the main plant through a system of paddle feeders, conveyor belts, and other equipment.

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COAL to ELECTRICITY
COAL HANDLING PLANT 1. Importance of CHP in a Fossil Fuel Based Thermal Power Plant 2. Tarrif and Coal Cost 3. How a CHP is designed 4. Safety aspects in CHP 5. Protection and interlocks 6. Operation 7. Maintenance 8. Components 9. Contracts 10. Environmental norms 11. Hazards 12. Organization chart. 13. Fire Protections
COAL HANDLING PLANT 14. CERC NORMS FOR GENERATORS 15. ELECTRICITY GENERATION REGULATED BUSINESS 16. ROLE OF CHEMISTRY 17. LMI, OGEN , OIN AND OTHER CC OS GUIDELINES 18.BIOMASS PELLET FIRING
Share of Coal in Power Generation Advantages of Coal Fuel •Abundantly available in India •Low cost •Technology for Power Generation well developed •Easy to handle, transport, store and use Shortcomings of Coal •Low Calorific Value •Large quantity to be Handled •Produces pollutants, ash •Disposal of ash is Problematic •Reserves depleting fast •India’s Coal Reserves are estimated to be 255 billion tonnes. •Present consumption is about 450 million tonnes. Coal 55% Gas 10% Diesel 1% Hydel 26% RES 5% Nuclear 3%
NCPS DADRI at a glance • IT HOUSES COAL,GAS AND SOLAR BASED GENERATION COAL (4 x 210 MW + 2 x 490 MW) GAS (4 x 130.19 MW + 2 x 154.51MW) SOLAR 5MW • ANOTHER FEATURE IS 1500 MW - 500 kV HVDC LINK. • LARGEST SWITCHYARD IN ASIA IN TERMS OF POWER HANDLING CAPACITY (4500 MW). 8 OUTGOING FEEDERS. • DRY ASH HANDLING SYSTEM, FIRST IN ASIA. • NDCT COOLING TOWERS
PLANT AREA ==> 1150.00 ACRES. APPROACH ROAD ==> 17.00 ACRES. COLONY ==> 400.00 ACRES. RAILWAY LINE ==> 345.00 ACRES. ASH DISPOSAL ==> 550.00 ACRES. TOTAL ==> 2462.00 ACRES. NCPS DADRI
COAL TO ELECTRICITY SWITCHYARD/GRID GENERATOR TRANSFORMER GENERATOR TURBINE BOILER PULVERIZER BUNKER CRUSHER TRACKHOPPER MGR MINES
CHP COAL HANDLING PLANT • TRANSPORTS COAL FROM TRACK HOPPERS AND WAGON TIPPLERS TO BUNKERS AT MAIN PLANT • THROUGH PADDLE FEEDERS,CONVEYOR BELTS, CRUSHERS ETC • ALSO STACKS THE COAL IN STACKYARD AND RECLAIMS WHEN NEEDED THROUGH STACKER RECLAIMER CHP - 250 MM - 20 MM
SOURCES OF COAL FSA (LINKAGE) • CCL: 44.00 LMT/ YEAR (STAGE-I) • ECL: 33.32 LMT/ YEAR ( STAGE-II) REST COAL REQUIRMENT MET WITH IMPORTED AND MOU / E-AUCTION COAL FOM NCL. • Quality of coal : • F Grade (raw coal) -3800 kcal/ kg • E Grade (washed) -4200 kcal/ kg • Imported coal -5700 kcal/kg
COAL CONSUMPTION • AT FULL LOAD OPERATION PER DAY= 25000 TONNES • 200 MW UNIT (APPROX 130 T/HR) • 500 MW UNIT (APPROX 300 T/HR)
 Anthracite  Semi-anthracite  Bituminous  Semi-Bituminous  Lignite  Peat  High CV, low VM  High CV, low VM  Medium CV, medium VM  Medium CV, medium VM  Low CV, high VM, high TM  Very low CV, high VM & TM
GCV Bands (kcal/KG) Rs/Tonne Grade >7000 4900 G1 6700-7000 4690 G2 6400-6700 4460 G3 6100-6400 4130 G4 5800-6100 3990 G5 5500-5800 2940 G6 5200-5500 2060 G7 4900-5200 1890 G8 4600-4900 1680 G9 4300-4600 970 G10 4000-4300 880 G11 3700-4000 630 G12 3400-3700 630 G13 COAL CLASSIFICATION
MGR COAL @ NTPC DADRI  ONE WAGON CAPACITY: 60-65 TONS  ONE RAKE : 59 WAGON (APPROX 3600 TONS)  TOTAL RAKES IN A DAY~ 8 TO 9  WAGON TYPE: • BOBR-BOTTOM DISCHARGE (PNEUMATIC) • BOX-N (OPEN TOP)
MGR COAL @ NTPC DADRI TYPES OF WAGONS UNLOADED AT BOBR TRACK HOPPER BOXN WAGON TIPPLER
3.INFRASTRUCTURE OF MGR-TRACK & BRIDGES AT NTPC DADRI (A) TRACK • Total length 45 KM+09 KM (Stg-II)= 54 KM • Rail 52 Kg (T-12) 1st Quality • Track Section SWR (Short Welded Rail) • Maximum Gradient 1 in 250 • Total Track laid on PSC Sleepers for 52 Kg Rail except Curve no. 6 which is laid on Wooden Sleepers, interlacing is done by PSC Sleepers for required strength of the track .These wooden sleepers are to be replaced with PSC Sleepers.
COAL UNLOADING AT NCPS DADRI o TRACK HOPPER = 02 NOS o WAGON TIPPLER = 02 NOS ALL THE ABOVE UNLOADING POINTS HAVING INDIVIDUAL LINES FOR TO & FRO MOVEMENT UPTO R&D YARD.
FSA LINKAGE CCL: 57.10 LMT/ YEAR (STAGE-I) E CL: 15.00 LMT/ YEAR ( STAGE-II) BCCL: 8.00 LMT/YEAR (STAGE-II) 4. COAL COORDINATION
Sourcing of fuel (coal) Stage-I Mostly from Bachra, Piparwar mines of North Karanpura zone of CCL FSA quantity – 57.1 LMT per year for stage-I units Washed Coal (approx. 70%) Raw Coal (approx. 30%) Stage-II FSA was signed with ECL FSA quantity – 15.00 LMT per year. Supplies raw coal mostly from Pandeshwar, Salanpur mines FSA signed with BCCL for 8.00 LMT per year. Supplies raw coal mostly from Jharia area mines. Total tie up : 80.10 LMT
TYPE OF WAGON BOBR (EOL) BOXN FREE TIME UPTO 2:29HRS UPTO 07:00 HRS CREDIT (1 HR) FOR COMPLETE RAKE IF UNLOADING TIME IS LESS THAN 01:30 HRS N/A ADJUSTMENT OF CREDIT HOURS QUATERLY N/A DEMMURAGE AND FREE TIME
MGR BOBR Wagons
MGR BOBR Wagons
CHP O&M Constraints:  Coal handling Plants are designed for a particular type of coal. Since coal quality keeps in changing, therefore coal handling plants bound to have some problem.  We are receiving big boulders in rakes receiving from specially from ECL Mines. Unloading these rakes without any demurrage and keeping equipments break down low are big challenges for us.
TRACK HOPPER • UNDERGROUND HOPPER AT POWER STN END FOR UNLOADING • TRACK HOPPER 1 & 2 FOR ST-1 (2x210MW) AND ST-2 (2x490MW) RESPECTIVELY • TRACK HOPPER –1 CAPACITY : 6000 TON • TRACK HOPPER –2 CAPACITY : 6000 TON • TYPE OF HOPPER - RCC UNDERGROUND
TRACK HOPPER
TRACK HOPPER
TRACK HOPPER
•WAGONS UNLOADED : BOBR (Bogie Open Bottom Rapid Discharge) •WAGON UNLOADING : BY OPENING BOTTOM DISCHARGE HOPPERS • DISCHARGE HOPPER: PNEUMATIC OPERATION(5-6 ksc) • TOTAL UNLOADING TIME:~25 SEC/WAGON TRACK HOPPER
CHP Equipments Description: Paddle feeder Stage-1 Stage-2 Make M/s Elecon M/s Elecon Mode of Operation Rotary Rotary Drive Electro- Hydraulic Electro-Hydraulic Capacity(Rated) 875 TPH 1050 TPH Travel Speed 2 Meter / Min 2 Meter / MIn No. of Paddle wheel Blades 06 06 RPM of Plough Blades 2-9 2-11
PADDLE FEEDER
CHP Equipments Description: Vibro Feeder Vibrofeeder(Satge-1) Make TRF, Ltd. Jamshedpur Model , Size TE9, 4’ X 10 ‘ Drive Dynamo Drive Capacity 450 Mt Max. Operating rpm 800 Stroke length ½ Inch
CHP Equipments Description: Vibrating Screen feeder Stage-1 Stage-2 Make M/s Roxon M/s Elecon Model MT 2853 VF-1034-38 No. of Steps 4 4 Capacity 875 TPH 875 TPH Drive Electro-Hydraulic Electric with cardon Shaft Rpm 720 – 750 900 Stroke Length 6-8 mm 4-8 mm Stroke Angle 40 – 70 NA Bearing Type 22324 CCJA/ VA 405 22326 CCJA / VA 405 Lubrication Oil Sump(SP 220) Grease(EP2)
WAGON TIPPLER
•WAGONS UNLOADED BOXN (Open Top) •WAGON UNLOADING BY TILTING WAGON TIPPLER
WAGON TIPPLER
Wagon Tippler-1: . 1000 Kg wt added at Arm no.-1,2,5,6 each and 500 kg wt added at arm no.-3,4 each. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Wagon Tippler-1: Bearing Plumber Block
Wagon Tippler-2: . Ramp for Loader movement
Wagon Tippler-2: Guide Channels at Both side of rail
PRIMARY CRUSHERS The primary coal crushers may be of different types such as: (1) coal jaw, (2) coal hammer, and (3) ring granulator. Primary crushers are heavy-duty rugged machines used to crush COAL of (−) 1.5 m size. These large-sized ores are reduced at the primary crushing stage for an output product dimension of 10–20 cm.
SECONDARY CRUSHER The secondary crusher is mainly used to reclaim the primary crusher product. The crushed material, which is around 15 cm(- 200MM) in diameter obtained from the COAL MINES, is disposed as the final crusher product. The size is usually between 0.5 and 2 cm in diameter so that it is suitable for grinding.(-20MM)
CRUSHER
CRUSHER
Stacker Reclaimer 1: Luffing Cylinder
STACKER RECLAIMER
TRAVELLING TRIPPER
CONVEYOR SYSTEM
ANGLE SURCHARGE
CONVEYORS
CHP Equipments Description: Coal yard and it’s Equipment Stage-1 Stage-2 No. of Coal Pile 04 02 No. of Stacker 02 01 Model No. of S/R ASK 650 HM 388 Make M/s Elecon M/s Elecon Reclaim Capacity 1400 TPH 1400 TPH Slew range +(-) 105 Degree +(-) 105 degree Boom Luffing range -7.5 to +10 degree -7.5 to +10 degree Yard Conv. 5A,5B (Unidirectional) 19 (Reversible) Reclaim Hopper VF-5,6,7,8 (M/s Elecon make) NA
CHP Maintenance System: Equipemt wise PM Schedule S.No. Equipment Name PM Schedule 1 Wagon Tippler 4WPM , 24WPM 2 Vibro Feeder 12 WPM 3 Paddle Feeder 12 WPM 4 Grizzly Feeder 4 WPM 5 Coal Crusher 4 WPM , 24 WPM 6 Compressor 4 WPM , 12 WPM 7 Conveyor Belt 8 WPM , 24 WPM 8 Flap gate 24 WPM 9 In Line Magnetic Separator 4 WPM 10 Coal Sampling Unit 24 WPM 11 Hoist 12 WPM 12 Stacker Reclaimer 4 WPM , 24 WPM 13 Travelling Tripper 12 WPM
CHP Maintenance System: Equipment wise Overhauling Schedule S.No . Equipment Name Overhauling Schedule 1 Coal Crusher Once in Year 2 Paddle Feeder Once in Two Year 3 Tripper Once in Two Year 4 Stacker Reclaimer Once in Two Year 5 Wagon Tipper Once in Two Year 6 Air Compressor Once in Year 7 Conveyor System Once in two Year
WT-1 TP- 1A TP-1 TP-3 TP-2 TP-4 TP-5 TP-6 TP-7 CONV 1A CONV A1B CONV A1A CONV 2B CONV 2A CONV 6A CONV 6B CONV 2B CONV 2A CONV 3B CONV 3A CONV 3A CONV 3B CONV 4A CONV 4B TR-1 TR-3 TR-2 TR-4 U# 2 U# 3 U# 4 SR-1 SR-2 CONV 6A CONV 6B CONV 1B CONV 1A CRH-1 PF-1 PF-3 PF-4 PF-2 TP 11 CONV 21 CONV 20 CONV 7A CONV 7B CONV 5B CONV 5A CONV 1B CHP Layout STAGE 1 TH-1 U# 1
WT2 TP-8 TP-9 CRH 2 TP 10 TP 11 TP 12 TP 14 TP 15 TP 16 TP 13 DHE CONV 10A CONV 10B CONV 13B TP 17 TH-2 E C B A H J G F E D C B B B D A G F H J TR-5 TR-6 TR-7 TR-8 U#5 CONV 17A CONV 17B CONV 18A CONV 18B CONV 15A CONV 15B CONV 15B CONV 16B CONV 16A CONV 16A CONV 16B CONV 15A CONV 14B CONV 14A CONV 13A CONV 21 CONV 20 TP 3 CONV 12A CONV 12B CONV 19 SR-3 CONV 11A CONV 11B CONV 9A CONV 9B CONV 8A CONV 8B PF-7 PF-8 PF-5 PF-6 D U#6 CHP Layout STAGE 2
CHP Equipments Description: Conveyor System Stage-1 Stage-2 Conveyor capacity(TPH) 1400 1400 Belt Speed (m/s) 3 3 Belt Width (mm) 1400 (except A1A,A1B) 1400 Belt Cover Grade FR FR Carcass EP(Polyester Polyamide) EP(Polyester Polyamide) Belt Strength(N/m) 630 to 1250 1000 to 1600 Top / Bottom Cover 5 / 3 5 / 3 Troughing Angle(Degree) 35 35 Max Inclination (Degree) 8 9 Total No. of Belt 16 25 Total Population (m) 12674 10836
CHP Equipments Description: Track Hopper Stage-1 Stage-2 Type of Track Hopper RCC Under Ground RCC Under Ground Length of Track Hopper 201.6 m 300 m No. of Hopper 66 100 Capacity 6000 mt 6000 mt Type of Wagon U/G BOBR BOBR Mode of Bottom release Pneumatic (5-6 kg) Pneumatic (5-6 kg) Mean of Evacuation Paddle Feeder Paddle Feeder Out-Coming Conveyor 1A/1B 8A/8B
CHP Equipments Description: Wagon Tipple Stage-1 Stage-2 Type of Wagon Tippler Rotaside Rotaside Make M/s L&T Ltd. M/s Elecon Drive Electro-Mechanical Hydraulic Clamping Arm 06 no., Gravity base 04 no., Hydraulic Capacity 12 Tips / Hr 20 Tips / Hr Type of Wagon U/L Box N Box N Mean of Evacuation Vibro feeder Apron feeder Out-Coming Conveyor Conv. A1A/A1B Conv. 9A / 9B
BUNKERS
IRD FOR SMOULDERS DETECTION
LHS CABLE IN COAL CONVEYOR
DELUGE VALVE
PULL CHORD
TRANSFER POINTS- TP
MANUAL UNLOADING OF BOXN WAGONS AT TH
UNLOADING AT WAGON TIPPLER
IMPORTANCE OF DUST SUPPRESSION Coal dust is an explosion and fire hazard - it becomes explosive at 0.035ounces per cubic foot of air.
MAIN PLANT
PULVERIZER GRAVIMETRIC FEEDER BUNKER MAIN PLANT
FEEDER • TRANSFERS COAL FROM BUNKERS TO MILL /PULVERIZER • VARIABLE SPEED • 6 - 60 TONNES/HR IN STAGE 1 MAIN PLANT
Gravimetric Feeder
MILL/PULVERIZER • PULVERIZES COAL FROM 20 MM SIZE TO 200 MESH SIZE i.e > 70% SHOULD PASS THRU 200 MESH (200 HOLES/SQ.INCH)~ 75 MICRON • BOWL ROTATED BY MOTOR AND 3 ROLLERS AT 120 DEG APART (BOWL MILL) • PULVERIZED COAL IS TAKEN TO BOILER BY HOT + COLD PRIMARY AIR MAIN PLANT
MILL/PULVERIZER
Hot Air Gate Cold Air Inspection Door Coal Mill Hot Air Duct Scraper Housing Hot Air Damper Gear Housing Grinding Chamber Discharge System Classifying System Coal from bunker Grinding Rolls BOWL MILL
Coal discharge Air flow Classification of desired fineness Coal Pulverized Coal Dropping of undesired coarse Coal Coal inlet from Feeder
MILL BUNKER FEEDER ESP ID FAN APH PA FAN FD FAN C H I M N E Y BOILER BOILER: AIR & FLUE GAS PATH
CARNOT ENGINE •1-2 - Isothermal Expansion at T1ºK •2-3 - Adiabatic Expansion up to T2ºK •3-4 - Isothermal Compression at T2ºK •4-1 - Adiabatic Expansion up to T1ºK For Carnot Cycle η = 1 - T2 T1 T1 = Temp. of heat source where T2 = Temp. of heat sink Carnot Cycle gives maximum possible thermal efficiency which can be obtained between any two Given temperature limits. 1 2 3 4 S T T1 T2
RANKINE CYCLE The Carnot Cycle is theoretically most efficient, but it is having practical difficulties. For steam power plant, practical thermal cycle was suggested by Rankine, called Ideal cycle. 3-3’ – BFP raises pressure from p2 to p1 3’-4 – Heating In feed heaters & eco 4 -1 – Heating In boiler 1-2 – Work done in Turbine from p1 to p2 2-3- HEAT REJECTION IN CONDENSER 1 2 3 3’ 4 T S T1 T2 p1 p2
Q1-Q2 W Useful work η = ------- = --- = --------------- Q1 Q Heat supplied Rejected Heat η = 1 - -------------------- Useful Heat T1 - T2 T2 η Carnot = -------- = 1 - --- T1 T1 To achieve more efficiency T2 should be as low as possible and T1 should be as high as possible THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF RANKINE CYCLE
Optimal Design of Vapour Power Plant
Steam generation principle  Steam power plants operate on Rankine Cycle, DM water as working fluid.  Sensible heat is added in economiser +furnace  Steam generation takes place in waterwall.  Heat transfer in furnace and enclosed superheater takes place thru radiation. condenser CEP LPH BFP HPH+Eco w/w SH HPT IPT RH LPT
Superheater & Reheater  Heat associated with the flue gas is used in superheaters & Reheater, LTSH, Economiser.  Maximum steam temperature is decided by the operating drum pressure and metallurgical constraints of the turbine blade material.  Reheating is recommended at pressure above 100 ksc operating pressure. Reheating is done at 20-25% of the operating pressure.  Carbon steel, alloy steel & SS used for tubing of SH & RH. condenser CEP LPH BFP HPH+Eco w/w SH HPT IPT RH LPT
Adiabatic Expansion in Turbine Constant Pressure Heat Rejection in Condenser Pump Work Sensible heat Addition in Economizer ENTROPY T E M P E R A T U R E Latent Heat Addition in Evaporator (constt. Pressure) Super Heating L + V BASIC RANKINE CYCLE (SUB-CRITICAL)
BASIC CONSIDERATIONS Net change in internal energy is zero Net heat transfer = Net work output Qi –Qr = Wo-Wi Efficiency = 1-(Qr/Qi) BOILER CONDENSER PUMP TURBINE Qi Wi Qr Wo
1. EFFECTS OF LOWERING THE CONDENSER PRESSURE Lowering condenser pressure lowers the temperature at which condensation takes place thereby increasing the cycle efficiency. LIMITATION : Lower limit is the saturation pressure corresponding to the temperature of cooling media.  Creates possibility of ‘Air Leakage’ into the condenser Increases moisture content of the steam at the final stages of turbine that decreases the turbine efficiency and causes erosion in turbine blades.
2. EFFECT OF SUPERHEAT Superheating the steam to higher temperature without increasing the boiler pressure increases thermal efficiency. It also decreases the moisture content of the steam at the turbine exit. LIMITATION: Highest temperature of superheated steam is limited by the metallurgical constraint.
3. EFFECT OF INCREASING THE INLET PRESSURE Increasing the inlet pressure raises the mean temperature at which heat is added in the boiler thereby increasing the efficiency. LIMITATION Increases moisture content at the final stages of the turbine that decreases the turbine efficiency and erodes turbine blades.
POWER PLANT CYCLE The Working fluid is Water. Working principle is based on the Modified Rankine Cycle ( With Single Re- Heat ) The closed cycle consists of three intermediate cycles: Condensate cycle Feed Water Cycle Steam Cycle
LPH 1 GSC LPH2 LPH3 DEA D/C COND CEP Sensible Heat addition to condensate extracted from condenser by CEP Starts from Condenser and ends at De- Aerator GSC, LPH 1,2,3 and Drain Cooler are the heat exchangers Driving force is CEP CONDENSATE CYCLE
Sensible Heat addition to feed water being pumped by BFP Starts from De- Aerator and ends at Economizer HPH 5 and HPH 6 are the heat exchangers Driving force is BFP HPH 5 HPH6 ECONOMIZER FST BFP FRS FW CYCLE
HPH 5 PSH E C O BFP HPH6 FSH LTSH DRUM CEP F U R N A C E IPT LPT HPT R/H LPH 1 GSC LPH2 LPH3 DEA D/C COND
 BOILER MEANS ANY CLOSED VESSEL EXEECDING 22.75 L(5 Gallons) IN CAPACITY WHICH IS EXCLUSIVELY USED FOR GENERATING STEAM UNDER PRESSURE AND INCLUDES ANY MOUNTINGS OR OTHER FITTINGS ATTACHED TO SUCH A VESSEL WHICH IS WHOLLY OR PARTLY UNDER PRESSURE WHEN STEAM IS SHUT OFF .
 Fire-Tube Boilers Fire-tube boilers rely on hot gases circulating through the boiler inside tubes that are submerged in water • Electric Boilers Electric boilers are very efficient sources of hot water or steam, which are available in ratings from 5 to over 50,000 kW
 Water Tube Boiler: Here the heat source is outside the tubes and the water to be heated is inside. Most high-pressure and large boilers are of this type. In the water-tube boiler, gases flow over water-filled tubes. These water-filled tubes are in turn connected to large containers called drums.
1. FUEL FIRING SYSTEM. 2. DRAFT SYSTEM. 3. STEAM GENERATION. 4 ASH COLLECTION SYSTEM Main systems of BOILER
BOILER arrangement
BOILER arrangement 1. Economizer 2. Boiler drum 3. Down comers 4. Water walls 5. LTSH 6. Platen super heater 7. Final super heater 8. Reheater 9. Burners 10. Ignitors 11. Furnace
BOILER Auxiliaries 1. Mills 2. FD fans 3. PA fans 4. ID fans 5. APH 6. ESP
Platen SH. 375C-425C Final SH. 500-540C Economizer 240-310C LTSH 330-37 Water Wall 310C 210 MW Boiler: Water and Steam Circuit
A B PLSH RH FSH LTSH ECO APH ESP DRUM BOILER STEAM/AIR 243-286 ºC 286-349 ºC 349-426 ºC 426-520 ºC 520-540 ºC 344-540 SA-50-318 ºC PA-50-313 ºC SCAPH-30-100 ºC 1300-1400 1300-1400
COAL COMBUSTION PROCESS At Room Temp. Oxygen is absorbed – Its an Exothermic reaction. Heat is given out. At 155 deg. C, Volatile matter released At 65 deg. C, surface moisture released At 75 deg. C, Oxidation starts At 190 - 250 deg. C, start of Thermal decomposition. At 250 - 300 deg. C, SELF SUSTAINED COMBUSTION (FIRE)
HPT IPT LPT EXC GEN. CEP COND LPH 1,2,3 DEARATOR BFP HPH 5,6 R Y B ECO LTSH R H R H S H S H BASIC WATER & STEAM CYCLE OF POWER PLANT BOILER
MAIN PLANT TURBINE •THREE CYLINDER: HP,IP AND LP CYLINDER •ROTATES AT 3000 RPM (DECIDED BY GRID FREQ AND GENERATOR POLE) n=120f/P n=speed, f=frequency of grid, P=no of poles of generator
TURBINE • HP TURBINE (SINGLE FLOW) • IP TURBINE( DOUBLE FLOW) • LP TURBINE (DOUBLE FLOW) NO OF STAGE • HP TURBINE (25 STAGE) • IP TURBINE( 20+20 STAGE) • LP TURBINE(8+8 STAGE)
RH LP IP HP Condenser CEP LP Heater D/A FST BFP HP Heater C R H H R H Gen Brg 1 Brg 4, 5 Brg 2 Brg 3 OVERVIEW
HP TURBINE (SECTIONAL VIEW)
HP TURBINE ROTOR
HP TURBINE INNER CASING
IP ROTOR
IP INNER CASING
IP OUTER CASING
LP TURBINE
GENERATOR
STEPPING UP VOLTAGE GENERATOR & GENERATOR TRANSFORMER 400 KV BUS IN SWITCHYARD GENERATOR TRANSFORMER GENERATOR 15.75 KV 400 KV CIRCUIT BREAKER OUTGOING LINE
GENERATOR TRANSFORMER
SWITCHYARD
 The liquid fuels used in power plants are  Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)  LSHS (Low Sulfur Heavy stock)  High speed Diesel (HSD)  Light diesel oil (LDO)  Oil firing is preceded by  Lowering viscosity and increasing flowability on heating for better combustion in given turn down ratio(125oC)  Droplet formation on atomization (by steam/ compressed air/ mechanical pressurization)  Combustion initiation by High energy spark ignition (HEA)
Tangential Firing System
COAL ANALYSIS PROXIMATE ANALYSIS MOISTURE CONTENT ASH CONTENT V M CONTENT FIXED CARBON ULTIMATE ANALYSIS CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN SULPHUR OXYGEN MINERAL MATTER TRACE METALS

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PPT 31-05-2023 CHP ET TRAINING.pptx

  • 1.
  • 2.
    COAL HANDLING PLANT 1.Importance of CHP in a Fossil Fuel Based Thermal Power Plant 2. Tarrif and Coal Cost 3. How a CHP is designed 4. Safety aspects in CHP 5. Protection and interlocks 6. Operation 7. Maintenance 8. Components 9. Contracts 10. Environmental norms 11. Hazards 12. Organization chart. 13. Fire Protections
  • 3.
    COAL HANDLING PLANT 14.CERC NORMS FOR GENERATORS 15. ELECTRICITY GENERATION REGULATED BUSINESS 16. ROLE OF CHEMISTRY 17. LMI, OGEN , OIN AND OTHER CC OS GUIDELINES 18.BIOMASS PELLET FIRING
  • 4.
    Share of Coalin Power Generation Advantages of Coal Fuel •Abundantly available in India •Low cost •Technology for Power Generation well developed •Easy to handle, transport, store and use Shortcomings of Coal •Low Calorific Value •Large quantity to be Handled •Produces pollutants, ash •Disposal of ash is Problematic •Reserves depleting fast •India’s Coal Reserves are estimated to be 255 billion tonnes. •Present consumption is about 450 million tonnes. Coal 55% Gas 10% Diesel 1% Hydel 26% RES 5% Nuclear 3%
  • 5.
    NCPS DADRI ata glance • IT HOUSES COAL,GAS AND SOLAR BASED GENERATION COAL (4 x 210 MW + 2 x 490 MW) GAS (4 x 130.19 MW + 2 x 154.51MW) SOLAR 5MW • ANOTHER FEATURE IS 1500 MW - 500 kV HVDC LINK. • LARGEST SWITCHYARD IN ASIA IN TERMS OF POWER HANDLING CAPACITY (4500 MW). 8 OUTGOING FEEDERS. • DRY ASH HANDLING SYSTEM, FIRST IN ASIA. • NDCT COOLING TOWERS
  • 6.
    PLANT AREA ==>1150.00 ACRES. APPROACH ROAD ==> 17.00 ACRES. COLONY ==> 400.00 ACRES. RAILWAY LINE ==> 345.00 ACRES. ASH DISPOSAL ==> 550.00 ACRES. TOTAL ==> 2462.00 ACRES. NCPS DADRI
  • 7.
    COAL TO ELECTRICITY SWITCHYARD/GRID GENERATORTRANSFORMER GENERATOR TURBINE BOILER PULVERIZER BUNKER CRUSHER TRACKHOPPER MGR MINES
  • 8.
    CHP COAL HANDLING PLANT •TRANSPORTS COAL FROM TRACK HOPPERS AND WAGON TIPPLERS TO BUNKERS AT MAIN PLANT • THROUGH PADDLE FEEDERS,CONVEYOR BELTS, CRUSHERS ETC • ALSO STACKS THE COAL IN STACKYARD AND RECLAIMS WHEN NEEDED THROUGH STACKER RECLAIMER CHP - 250 MM - 20 MM
  • 9.
    SOURCES OF COAL FSA(LINKAGE) • CCL: 44.00 LMT/ YEAR (STAGE-I) • ECL: 33.32 LMT/ YEAR ( STAGE-II) REST COAL REQUIRMENT MET WITH IMPORTED AND MOU / E-AUCTION COAL FOM NCL. • Quality of coal : • F Grade (raw coal) -3800 kcal/ kg • E Grade (washed) -4200 kcal/ kg • Imported coal -5700 kcal/kg
  • 10.
    COAL CONSUMPTION • ATFULL LOAD OPERATION PER DAY= 25000 TONNES • 200 MW UNIT (APPROX 130 T/HR) • 500 MW UNIT (APPROX 300 T/HR)
  • 11.
     Anthracite  Semi-anthracite Bituminous  Semi-Bituminous  Lignite  Peat  High CV, low VM  High CV, low VM  Medium CV, medium VM  Medium CV, medium VM  Low CV, high VM, high TM  Very low CV, high VM & TM
  • 12.
    GCV Bands (kcal/KG) Rs/Tonne Grade >70004900 G1 6700-7000 4690 G2 6400-6700 4460 G3 6100-6400 4130 G4 5800-6100 3990 G5 5500-5800 2940 G6 5200-5500 2060 G7 4900-5200 1890 G8 4600-4900 1680 G9 4300-4600 970 G10 4000-4300 880 G11 3700-4000 630 G12 3400-3700 630 G13 COAL CLASSIFICATION
  • 13.
    MGR COAL @ NTPCDADRI  ONE WAGON CAPACITY: 60-65 TONS  ONE RAKE : 59 WAGON (APPROX 3600 TONS)  TOTAL RAKES IN A DAY~ 8 TO 9  WAGON TYPE: • BOBR-BOTTOM DISCHARGE (PNEUMATIC) • BOX-N (OPEN TOP)
  • 14.
    MGR COAL @ NTPCDADRI TYPES OF WAGONS UNLOADED AT BOBR TRACK HOPPER BOXN WAGON TIPPLER
  • 16.
    3.INFRASTRUCTURE OF MGR-TRACK& BRIDGES AT NTPC DADRI (A) TRACK • Total length 45 KM+09 KM (Stg-II)= 54 KM • Rail 52 Kg (T-12) 1st Quality • Track Section SWR (Short Welded Rail) • Maximum Gradient 1 in 250 • Total Track laid on PSC Sleepers for 52 Kg Rail except Curve no. 6 which is laid on Wooden Sleepers, interlacing is done by PSC Sleepers for required strength of the track .These wooden sleepers are to be replaced with PSC Sleepers.
  • 17.
    COAL UNLOADING ATNCPS DADRI o TRACK HOPPER = 02 NOS o WAGON TIPPLER = 02 NOS ALL THE ABOVE UNLOADING POINTS HAVING INDIVIDUAL LINES FOR TO & FRO MOVEMENT UPTO R&D YARD.
  • 18.
    FSA LINKAGE CCL: 57.10LMT/ YEAR (STAGE-I) E CL: 15.00 LMT/ YEAR ( STAGE-II) BCCL: 8.00 LMT/YEAR (STAGE-II) 4. COAL COORDINATION
  • 19.
    Sourcing of fuel(coal) Stage-I Mostly from Bachra, Piparwar mines of North Karanpura zone of CCL FSA quantity – 57.1 LMT per year for stage-I units Washed Coal (approx. 70%) Raw Coal (approx. 30%) Stage-II FSA was signed with ECL FSA quantity – 15.00 LMT per year. Supplies raw coal mostly from Pandeshwar, Salanpur mines FSA signed with BCCL for 8.00 LMT per year. Supplies raw coal mostly from Jharia area mines. Total tie up : 80.10 LMT
  • 20.
    TYPE OF WAGONBOBR (EOL) BOXN FREE TIME UPTO 2:29HRS UPTO 07:00 HRS CREDIT (1 HR) FOR COMPLETE RAKE IF UNLOADING TIME IS LESS THAN 01:30 HRS N/A ADJUSTMENT OF CREDIT HOURS QUATERLY N/A DEMMURAGE AND FREE TIME
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
    CHP O&M Constraints: Coal handling Plants are designed for a particular type of coal. Since coal quality keeps in changing, therefore coal handling plants bound to have some problem.  We are receiving big boulders in rakes receiving from specially from ECL Mines. Unloading these rakes without any demurrage and keeping equipments break down low are big challenges for us.
  • 24.
    TRACK HOPPER • UNDERGROUNDHOPPER AT POWER STN END FOR UNLOADING • TRACK HOPPER 1 & 2 FOR ST-1 (2x210MW) AND ST-2 (2x490MW) RESPECTIVELY • TRACK HOPPER –1 CAPACITY : 6000 TON • TRACK HOPPER –2 CAPACITY : 6000 TON • TYPE OF HOPPER - RCC UNDERGROUND
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
    •WAGONS UNLOADED : BOBR(Bogie Open Bottom Rapid Discharge) •WAGON UNLOADING : BY OPENING BOTTOM DISCHARGE HOPPERS • DISCHARGE HOPPER: PNEUMATIC OPERATION(5-6 ksc) • TOTAL UNLOADING TIME:~25 SEC/WAGON TRACK HOPPER
  • 29.
    CHP Equipments Description: Paddlefeeder Stage-1 Stage-2 Make M/s Elecon M/s Elecon Mode of Operation Rotary Rotary Drive Electro- Hydraulic Electro-Hydraulic Capacity(Rated) 875 TPH 1050 TPH Travel Speed 2 Meter / Min 2 Meter / MIn No. of Paddle wheel Blades 06 06 RPM of Plough Blades 2-9 2-11
  • 30.
  • 31.
    CHP Equipments Description: VibroFeeder Vibrofeeder(Satge-1) Make TRF, Ltd. Jamshedpur Model , Size TE9, 4’ X 10 ‘ Drive Dynamo Drive Capacity 450 Mt Max. Operating rpm 800 Stroke length ½ Inch
  • 32.
    CHP Equipments Description: VibratingScreen feeder Stage-1 Stage-2 Make M/s Roxon M/s Elecon Model MT 2853 VF-1034-38 No. of Steps 4 4 Capacity 875 TPH 875 TPH Drive Electro-Hydraulic Electric with cardon Shaft Rpm 720 – 750 900 Stroke Length 6-8 mm 4-8 mm Stroke Angle 40 – 70 NA Bearing Type 22324 CCJA/ VA 405 22326 CCJA / VA 405 Lubrication Oil Sump(SP 220) Grease(EP2)
  • 33.
  • 34.
    •WAGONS UNLOADED BOXN (OpenTop) •WAGON UNLOADING BY TILTING WAGON TIPPLER
  • 35.
  • 36.
    Wagon Tippler-1: . 1000 Kgwt added at Arm no.-1,2,5,6 each and 500 kg wt added at arm no.-3,4 each. 1 2 3 4 5 6
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
    Wagon Tippler-2: Guide Channelsat Both side of rail
  • 40.
    PRIMARY CRUSHERS The primarycoal crushers may be of different types such as: (1) coal jaw, (2) coal hammer, and (3) ring granulator. Primary crushers are heavy-duty rugged machines used to crush COAL of (−) 1.5 m size. These large-sized ores are reduced at the primary crushing stage for an output product dimension of 10–20 cm.
  • 41.
    SECONDARY CRUSHER The secondarycrusher is mainly used to reclaim the primary crusher product. The crushed material, which is around 15 cm(- 200MM) in diameter obtained from the COAL MINES, is disposed as the final crusher product. The size is usually between 0.5 and 2 cm in diameter so that it is suitable for grinding.(-20MM)
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
    CHP Equipments Description: Coalyard and it’s Equipment Stage-1 Stage-2 No. of Coal Pile 04 02 No. of Stacker 02 01 Model No. of S/R ASK 650 HM 388 Make M/s Elecon M/s Elecon Reclaim Capacity 1400 TPH 1400 TPH Slew range +(-) 105 Degree +(-) 105 degree Boom Luffing range -7.5 to +10 degree -7.5 to +10 degree Yard Conv. 5A,5B (Unidirectional) 19 (Reversible) Reclaim Hopper VF-5,6,7,8 (M/s Elecon make) NA
  • 51.
    CHP Maintenance System: Equipemtwise PM Schedule S.No. Equipment Name PM Schedule 1 Wagon Tippler 4WPM , 24WPM 2 Vibro Feeder 12 WPM 3 Paddle Feeder 12 WPM 4 Grizzly Feeder 4 WPM 5 Coal Crusher 4 WPM , 24 WPM 6 Compressor 4 WPM , 12 WPM 7 Conveyor Belt 8 WPM , 24 WPM 8 Flap gate 24 WPM 9 In Line Magnetic Separator 4 WPM 10 Coal Sampling Unit 24 WPM 11 Hoist 12 WPM 12 Stacker Reclaimer 4 WPM , 24 WPM 13 Travelling Tripper 12 WPM
  • 52.
    CHP Maintenance System: Equipmentwise Overhauling Schedule S.No . Equipment Name Overhauling Schedule 1 Coal Crusher Once in Year 2 Paddle Feeder Once in Two Year 3 Tripper Once in Two Year 4 Stacker Reclaimer Once in Two Year 5 Wagon Tipper Once in Two Year 6 Air Compressor Once in Year 7 Conveyor System Once in two Year
  • 53.
    WT-1 TP- 1A TP-1 TP-3 TP-2 TP-4 TP-5 TP-6 TP-7 CONV 1A CONV A1B CONV A1A CONV 2B CONV 2A CONV 6A CONV 6B CONV 2B CONV 2A CONV 3B CONV 3A CONV 3A CONV 3B CONV 4A CONV4B TR-1 TR-3 TR-2 TR-4 U# 2 U# 3 U# 4 SR-1 SR-2 CONV 6A CONV 6B CONV 1B CONV 1A CRH-1 PF-1 PF-3 PF-4 PF-2 TP 11 CONV 21 CONV 20 CONV 7A CONV 7B CONV 5B CONV 5A CONV 1B CHP Layout STAGE 1 TH-1 U# 1
  • 54.
  • 55.
    CHP Equipments Description: ConveyorSystem Stage-1 Stage-2 Conveyor capacity(TPH) 1400 1400 Belt Speed (m/s) 3 3 Belt Width (mm) 1400 (except A1A,A1B) 1400 Belt Cover Grade FR FR Carcass EP(Polyester Polyamide) EP(Polyester Polyamide) Belt Strength(N/m) 630 to 1250 1000 to 1600 Top / Bottom Cover 5 / 3 5 / 3 Troughing Angle(Degree) 35 35 Max Inclination (Degree) 8 9 Total No. of Belt 16 25 Total Population (m) 12674 10836
  • 56.
    CHP Equipments Description: TrackHopper Stage-1 Stage-2 Type of Track Hopper RCC Under Ground RCC Under Ground Length of Track Hopper 201.6 m 300 m No. of Hopper 66 100 Capacity 6000 mt 6000 mt Type of Wagon U/G BOBR BOBR Mode of Bottom release Pneumatic (5-6 kg) Pneumatic (5-6 kg) Mean of Evacuation Paddle Feeder Paddle Feeder Out-Coming Conveyor 1A/1B 8A/8B
  • 57.
    CHP Equipments Description: WagonTipple Stage-1 Stage-2 Type of Wagon Tippler Rotaside Rotaside Make M/s L&T Ltd. M/s Elecon Drive Electro-Mechanical Hydraulic Clamping Arm 06 no., Gravity base 04 no., Hydraulic Capacity 12 Tips / Hr 20 Tips / Hr Type of Wagon U/L Box N Box N Mean of Evacuation Vibro feeder Apron feeder Out-Coming Conveyor Conv. A1A/A1B Conv. 9A / 9B
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
    LHS CABLE INCOAL CONVEYOR
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 64.
    MANUAL UNLOADING OFBOXN WAGONS AT TH
  • 65.
  • 66.
    IMPORTANCE OF DUSTSUPPRESSION Coal dust is an explosion and fire hazard - it becomes explosive at 0.035ounces per cubic foot of air.
  • 67.
  • 68.
  • 69.
    FEEDER • TRANSFERS COALFROM BUNKERS TO MILL /PULVERIZER • VARIABLE SPEED • 6 - 60 TONNES/HR IN STAGE 1 MAIN PLANT
  • 70.
  • 71.
    MILL/PULVERIZER • PULVERIZES COALFROM 20 MM SIZE TO 200 MESH SIZE i.e > 70% SHOULD PASS THRU 200 MESH (200 HOLES/SQ.INCH)~ 75 MICRON • BOWL ROTATED BY MOTOR AND 3 ROLLERS AT 120 DEG APART (BOWL MILL) • PULVERIZED COAL IS TAKEN TO BOILER BY HOT + COLD PRIMARY AIR MAIN PLANT
  • 72.
  • 73.
    Hot Air Gate Cold Air InspectionDoor Coal Mill Hot Air Duct Scraper Housing Hot Air Damper Gear Housing Grinding Chamber Discharge System Classifying System Coal from bunker Grinding Rolls BOWL MILL
  • 74.
    Coal discharge Air flow Classificationof desired fineness Coal Pulverized Coal Dropping of undesired coarse Coal Coal inlet from Feeder
  • 75.
    MILL BUNKER FEEDER ESP ID FAN APH PA FAN FDFAN C H I M N E Y BOILER BOILER: AIR & FLUE GAS PATH
  • 76.
    CARNOT ENGINE •1-2 -Isothermal Expansion at T1ºK •2-3 - Adiabatic Expansion up to T2ºK •3-4 - Isothermal Compression at T2ºK •4-1 - Adiabatic Expansion up to T1ºK For Carnot Cycle η = 1 - T2 T1 T1 = Temp. of heat source where T2 = Temp. of heat sink Carnot Cycle gives maximum possible thermal efficiency which can be obtained between any two Given temperature limits. 1 2 3 4 S T T1 T2
  • 77.
    RANKINE CYCLE The CarnotCycle is theoretically most efficient, but it is having practical difficulties. For steam power plant, practical thermal cycle was suggested by Rankine, called Ideal cycle. 3-3’ – BFP raises pressure from p2 to p1 3’-4 – Heating In feed heaters & eco 4 -1 – Heating In boiler 1-2 – Work done in Turbine from p1 to p2 2-3- HEAT REJECTION IN CONDENSER 1 2 3 3’ 4 T S T1 T2 p1 p2
  • 78.
    Q1-Q2 W Usefulwork η = ------- = --- = --------------- Q1 Q Heat supplied Rejected Heat η = 1 - -------------------- Useful Heat T1 - T2 T2 η Carnot = -------- = 1 - --- T1 T1 To achieve more efficiency T2 should be as low as possible and T1 should be as high as possible THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF RANKINE CYCLE
  • 79.
    Optimal Design ofVapour Power Plant
  • 80.
    Steam generation principle Steam power plants operate on Rankine Cycle, DM water as working fluid.  Sensible heat is added in economiser +furnace  Steam generation takes place in waterwall.  Heat transfer in furnace and enclosed superheater takes place thru radiation. condenser CEP LPH BFP HPH+Eco w/w SH HPT IPT RH LPT
  • 81.
    Superheater & Reheater Heat associated with the flue gas is used in superheaters & Reheater, LTSH, Economiser.  Maximum steam temperature is decided by the operating drum pressure and metallurgical constraints of the turbine blade material.  Reheating is recommended at pressure above 100 ksc operating pressure. Reheating is done at 20-25% of the operating pressure.  Carbon steel, alloy steel & SS used for tubing of SH & RH. condenser CEP LPH BFP HPH+Eco w/w SH HPT IPT RH LPT
  • 82.
    Adiabatic Expansion in Turbine ConstantPressure Heat Rejection in Condenser Pump Work Sensible heat Addition in Economizer ENTROPY T E M P E R A T U R E Latent Heat Addition in Evaporator (constt. Pressure) Super Heating L + V BASIC RANKINE CYCLE (SUB-CRITICAL)
  • 83.
    BASIC CONSIDERATIONS Net changein internal energy is zero Net heat transfer = Net work output Qi –Qr = Wo-Wi Efficiency = 1-(Qr/Qi) BOILER CONDENSER PUMP TURBINE Qi Wi Qr Wo
  • 84.
    1. EFFECTS OFLOWERING THE CONDENSER PRESSURE Lowering condenser pressure lowers the temperature at which condensation takes place thereby increasing the cycle efficiency. LIMITATION : Lower limit is the saturation pressure corresponding to the temperature of cooling media.  Creates possibility of ‘Air Leakage’ into the condenser Increases moisture content of the steam at the final stages of turbine that decreases the turbine efficiency and causes erosion in turbine blades.
  • 85.
    2. EFFECT OFSUPERHEAT Superheating the steam to higher temperature without increasing the boiler pressure increases thermal efficiency. It also decreases the moisture content of the steam at the turbine exit. LIMITATION: Highest temperature of superheated steam is limited by the metallurgical constraint.
  • 86.
    3. EFFECT OFINCREASING THE INLET PRESSURE Increasing the inlet pressure raises the mean temperature at which heat is added in the boiler thereby increasing the efficiency. LIMITATION Increases moisture content at the final stages of the turbine that decreases the turbine efficiency and erodes turbine blades.
  • 87.
    POWER PLANT CYCLE TheWorking fluid is Water. Working principle is based on the Modified Rankine Cycle ( With Single Re- Heat ) The closed cycle consists of three intermediate cycles: Condensate cycle Feed Water Cycle Steam Cycle
  • 88.
    LPH 1 GSC LPH2 LPH3 DEA D/C COND CEP SensibleHeat addition to condensate extracted from condenser by CEP Starts from Condenser and ends at De- Aerator GSC, LPH 1,2,3 and Drain Cooler are the heat exchangers Driving force is CEP CONDENSATE CYCLE
  • 89.
    Sensible Heat additionto feed water being pumped by BFP Starts from De- Aerator and ends at Economizer HPH 5 and HPH 6 are the heat exchangers Driving force is BFP HPH 5 HPH6 ECONOMIZER FST BFP FRS FW CYCLE
  • 90.
  • 91.
     BOILER MEANSANY CLOSED VESSEL EXEECDING 22.75 L(5 Gallons) IN CAPACITY WHICH IS EXCLUSIVELY USED FOR GENERATING STEAM UNDER PRESSURE AND INCLUDES ANY MOUNTINGS OR OTHER FITTINGS ATTACHED TO SUCH A VESSEL WHICH IS WHOLLY OR PARTLY UNDER PRESSURE WHEN STEAM IS SHUT OFF .
  • 92.
     Fire-Tube BoilersFire-tube boilers rely on hot gases circulating through the boiler inside tubes that are submerged in water • Electric Boilers Electric boilers are very efficient sources of hot water or steam, which are available in ratings from 5 to over 50,000 kW
  • 93.
     Water TubeBoiler: Here the heat source is outside the tubes and the water to be heated is inside. Most high-pressure and large boilers are of this type. In the water-tube boiler, gases flow over water-filled tubes. These water-filled tubes are in turn connected to large containers called drums.
  • 94.
    1. FUEL FIRINGSYSTEM. 2. DRAFT SYSTEM. 3. STEAM GENERATION. 4 ASH COLLECTION SYSTEM Main systems of BOILER
  • 95.
  • 96.
    BOILER arrangement 1. Economizer 2.Boiler drum 3. Down comers 4. Water walls 5. LTSH 6. Platen super heater 7. Final super heater 8. Reheater 9. Burners 10. Ignitors 11. Furnace
  • 98.
    BOILER Auxiliaries 1. Mills 2.FD fans 3. PA fans 4. ID fans 5. APH 6. ESP
  • 99.
  • 100.
    A B PLSH RHFSH LTSH ECO APH ESP DRUM BOILER STEAM/AIR 243-286 ºC 286-349 ºC 349-426 ºC 426-520 ºC 520-540 ºC 344-540 SA-50-318 ºC PA-50-313 ºC SCAPH-30-100 ºC 1300-1400 1300-1400
  • 102.
    COAL COMBUSTION PROCESS AtRoom Temp. Oxygen is absorbed – Its an Exothermic reaction. Heat is given out. At 155 deg. C, Volatile matter released At 65 deg. C, surface moisture released At 75 deg. C, Oxidation starts At 190 - 250 deg. C, start of Thermal decomposition. At 250 - 300 deg. C, SELF SUSTAINED COMBUSTION (FIRE)
  • 103.
    HPT IPT LPT EXC GEN. CEP COND LPH 1,2,3 DEARATOR BFP HPH 5,6 RY B ECO LTSH R H R H S H S H BASIC WATER & STEAM CYCLE OF POWER PLANT BOILER
  • 104.
    MAIN PLANT TURBINE •THREE CYLINDER:HP,IP AND LP CYLINDER •ROTATES AT 3000 RPM (DECIDED BY GRID FREQ AND GENERATOR POLE) n=120f/P n=speed, f=frequency of grid, P=no of poles of generator
  • 105.
    TURBINE • HP TURBINE(SINGLE FLOW) • IP TURBINE( DOUBLE FLOW) • LP TURBINE (DOUBLE FLOW) NO OF STAGE • HP TURBINE (25 STAGE) • IP TURBINE( 20+20 STAGE) • LP TURBINE(8+8 STAGE)
  • 106.
  • 107.
  • 108.
  • 109.
  • 110.
  • 111.
  • 112.
  • 113.
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    STEPPING UP VOLTAGE GENERATOR& GENERATOR TRANSFORMER 400 KV BUS IN SWITCHYARD GENERATOR TRANSFORMER GENERATOR 15.75 KV 400 KV CIRCUIT BREAKER OUTGOING LINE
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     The liquidfuels used in power plants are  Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)  LSHS (Low Sulfur Heavy stock)  High speed Diesel (HSD)  Light diesel oil (LDO)  Oil firing is preceded by  Lowering viscosity and increasing flowability on heating for better combustion in given turn down ratio(125oC)  Droplet formation on atomization (by steam/ compressed air/ mechanical pressurization)  Combustion initiation by High energy spark ignition (HEA)
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    COAL ANALYSIS PROXIMATE ANALYSIS MOISTURECONTENT ASH CONTENT V M CONTENT FIXED CARBON ULTIMATE ANALYSIS CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN SULPHUR OXYGEN MINERAL MATTER TRACE METALS