8051 timer counter
Introduction
TMOD Register
TCON Register
Modes of Operation
Counters
The microcontroller 8051 has two 16 bit Timer/ Counter registers namely Timer 0 (T0) and Timer 1 (T1) .
When used as a “Timer” the microcontroller is programmed to count the internal clock pulse.
When used as a “Counter” the microcontroller is programmed to count external pulses.
Maximum count rate is 1/24 of the oscillator frequency.
FINGERPRINT BASED LOCKER WITH IMAGE CAPTUREMichael George
As we are moving in a World of advancement, so the security is the major concern in order to keep data isolate from the unauthorised users to access. In today’s World, we need high degree security system for the protection of our document, important data, as well as memory and jewellery. This review paper presents a secure fingerprint locker which is feasible. This system is proved successful on all norms of security of lockers. There are other methods of verifying authentication through password, RFID but this method is most efficient and reliable. To provide perfect security to the lockers and to make the work easier, this project is taking help of two different technologies, i.e. Embedded System and Biometrics. Biometrics is basically the measurement and use of unique characteristics of living beings to make them distinguish from one another. And this is more reliable then passwords and tokens which can be lost or stolen by the humans. In this paper we are providing the work done on this technique.
Used to digitize images or video from the outside world into the computer.
Digital camera
Webcam
Media players
Hardware peripheral that allows computer users to input audio into their computers
MIDI information is sent to a computer that is capable of reproducing an array of digital sounds that resemble traditional analog musical instruments.
Humidity & Temperature Control Cabinet are well designed for conducting different laboratory and research experiments for different quality control tests to be carried out on different materials For more information please log on http://cutt.us/EhCD
8051 timer counter
Introduction
TMOD Register
TCON Register
Modes of Operation
Counters
The microcontroller 8051 has two 16 bit Timer/ Counter registers namely Timer 0 (T0) and Timer 1 (T1) .
When used as a “Timer” the microcontroller is programmed to count the internal clock pulse.
When used as a “Counter” the microcontroller is programmed to count external pulses.
Maximum count rate is 1/24 of the oscillator frequency.
FINGERPRINT BASED LOCKER WITH IMAGE CAPTUREMichael George
As we are moving in a World of advancement, so the security is the major concern in order to keep data isolate from the unauthorised users to access. In today’s World, we need high degree security system for the protection of our document, important data, as well as memory and jewellery. This review paper presents a secure fingerprint locker which is feasible. This system is proved successful on all norms of security of lockers. There are other methods of verifying authentication through password, RFID but this method is most efficient and reliable. To provide perfect security to the lockers and to make the work easier, this project is taking help of two different technologies, i.e. Embedded System and Biometrics. Biometrics is basically the measurement and use of unique characteristics of living beings to make them distinguish from one another. And this is more reliable then passwords and tokens which can be lost or stolen by the humans. In this paper we are providing the work done on this technique.
Used to digitize images or video from the outside world into the computer.
Digital camera
Webcam
Media players
Hardware peripheral that allows computer users to input audio into their computers
MIDI information is sent to a computer that is capable of reproducing an array of digital sounds that resemble traditional analog musical instruments.
Humidity & Temperature Control Cabinet are well designed for conducting different laboratory and research experiments for different quality control tests to be carried out on different materials For more information please log on http://cutt.us/EhCD
Fire Detector and Extinguisher Robot is operated to detect the fire and also to extinguish it. It can be operated in two modes one is manual mode and other is autonomous mode. Manual mode is operated using joysticks and for autonomous mode there is no human intervention. In manual mode direction of the robot is controlled using joysticks, even pump is operated manually. In autonomous mode IR sensors are used to detect the fire and robot is coded accordingly to move in the direction of detected fire. In this robot has a switch which is used to switch between manual and autonomous mode.
Class materials for teaching the use of the DHT11 with an Arduino Uno. These materials were originally used in Startathon 2016.
The code is available here. https://github.com/SustainableLivingLab/dht-sensor-usage
FIRE DETECTION AND ELETRICAL POWER ON/OFF CONTROL IN HOME/INDUSTRY USING GSM ...Saikiran perfect
The main aim of this project is to develop a system based on Embedded microcontroller ,which is used for controlling electrical appliances in home or industry and fire detection using GSM.
Suppliers and Exporter of professional Test and Measuring Instruments such as Humidity Meters, Hygro Meter BSK Technologies, Thermo Hygro Meters, Thermo Meters, Temperature Meter, Infra thermo meters, Temperature Meters, Temperature Indicator, Infra Red Thermometer, Temperature Data Loggers, A Datalogger Low Cost Model, Humidity Logger, Temperature Data Logger, A Digital Flow meters, Environment Meters, Transmitters.
When sensors are used to convert physical parameters into digital information, many assumes that the information coming out for the digital sensors are accurate. Accuracies of sensor readings are affected when they are apply incorrectly. These slides share some simple concepts for others to understand sensor application challenges in physical world.
A sensor is a machine that detects and reacts to some kind of input from the objective environment. The precise input might be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any one of a huge number of additional environmental occurrences. The output is usually a signal that is transformed to human-readable exhibit at the sensor site or broadcasted electronically above a network for evaluation or further dispensation.
various types of temperature measuring instrument
1.expansion types
i)bimetallic strips
ii)liquid in gas
2.based on electric resistivity
i)thermocouple
ii)thermistors(most sensitivity)
3.pyrometers
i)mirror types
ii)optical
iii)photon types(not exact names:-based on collection of photon)
and one interesting term include in pyrometers is THERMOPILE:A large number of themocouple connected in series.Hopes so you all will enjoy
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
2. OBJECTIVE
To decrease the temperature when the temperature set
point is crossed.
It decreases the moisture content in the room.
It increases temperature when the temperature set
point is crossed.
It controls the fire and alarms the people.
It cuts off the gas supply in case of fire which can be
uncontrollable up to an extent.
It also provide a facility in which cooling, heating
process can be more effective by closing the windows.
4. A controller, in a computing context, is a hardware
device or a software program that manages or
directs the flow of data between two entities.
In computing, controllers may be cards, microchips
or separate hardware devices for the control of a
peripheral device.
In a general sense, a controller can be thought of as
something or someone that interfaces between two
systems and manages communications between
them.
6. TEMPERATURE CONTR0LLER
An on-off controller is the simplest form of
temperature control device.
The output from the device is either on or off, with no
middle state.
An on-off controller will switch the output only when
the temperature crosses the set point.
For heating control, the output is on when the
temperature is below the set point and off above set
point.
7. HUMIDITY CONTROLLER
Humidity is the presence of water in air. The
presence of water vapor also influences various
physical, chemical, and biological processes.
Humidity measurement in industries is critical
because it may affect the business cost of the
product and the health and safety of the
personnel.
Hence, humidity sensing is very important,
especially in the control systems for industrial
processes and human comfort.
To avoid the problems of excess moisture it is
necessary to limit or control the amount of
water vapor in the house.
8. • Measurement - Relative humidity (RH) is the
amount of water vapor in the air compared with
the amount of vapor needed to make the air
saturated at the air's current temperature
Example:
At 3 p.m. the air has 9 grams of water vapor per cubic meter of
air. We divide 9 by 30 and multiply by 100 to get a relative
humidity of 30%
What is Relative Humidity
(RH)
10. A DETECTOR is a device or instrument designed to
detect the presence of a particular object or substance
A heat detector is designed to respond when the
convected thermal energy of a fire increases the
temperature of a heat sensitive element.
The thermal mass and conductivity of the element
regulate the rate flow of heat into the element.
12. A sensor is a device that detects events or changes in
quantities and provides a corresponding output,
generally as an electrical or optical signal.
A sensor's sensitivity indicates how much the sensor's
output changes when the input quantity being
measured changes.
14. TEMPERATURE SENSOR
A Temperature Sensor consists
of two basic physical types:-
1.Contact Temperature Sensor
Types
2.Non-contact Temperature
Sensor Types
15. 1. Contact Temperature Sensor Types –
These types of temperature sensor are required to be in
physical contact with the object being sensed and use
conduction to monitor changes in temperature.
They can be used to detect solids, liquids or gases over a wide
range of temperatures.
2. Non-contact Temperature Sensor Types –
These types of temperature sensor use convection and
radiation to monitor changes in temperature.
They can be used to detect liquids and gases that emit radiant
energy as heat rises and cold settles to the bottom in
convection currents or detect the radiant energy being
transmitted from an object in the form of infra-red radiation
(the sun).
16. HUMIDITY SENSOR
A humidity sensor senses relative
humidity. This means that it measures
both air temperature and moisture.
Relative humidity, expressed as a
percent, is the ratio of actual moisture
in the air to the highest amount of
moisture air at that temperature can
hold.
Sensirion
( SHT Series )
17. The warmer the air is, the more
moisture it can hold, so relative
humidity changes with fluctuations in
temperature.
A humidity sensor, also called a
hygrometer, measures and regularly
reports the relative humidity in the air.
They may be used in homes for people
with illnesses affected by humidity; as
part of home heating, ventilating, and
air conditioning (HVAC) systems;
Honeywell
( HIH series )
18. Humidity Sensor from
HoneywellPackages are chemically resistant
operate in ranges of -40 °C to 85 °C
( -40 °F to 185 °F)
Response time -15 sec in slowly
moving air at 25 °C
Low power design – 200 microA @
5 Vdc
Operating voltage 4 – 5.8 v
On-chip signal processing ensures
linear voltage output versus %RH.
19. FIRE DETECTOR SENSOR
A flame detector is
a sensor intended to sight and
respond to the presence of
a flame, such as by turning on a
fire suppression system or by
turning off a fuel line, sooner
than a smoke detector or a heat
detector would. Fire sensor
20. FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
A fire alarm system is a set of
electric/electronic devices/equipment
working together to detect and alert
people through visual and audio
appliances when smoke/fire is present.
These alarms may be activated
from smoke detectors, heat detectors,
water flow sensors, which are automatic
or from a manual fire alarm pull station.