The document outlines the design and implementation of an air pollution and temperature monitoring system developed using an Arduino microcontroller and various sensors. It emphasizes the importance of real-time monitoring of air quality and environmental conditions, displaying data on a web interface and a local LCD. Additionally, the system aims to raise public awareness of air quality and includes a humidity measurement component using advanced sensors.

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AN
INTERNSHIP REPORT
ON
AIR POLLUTION AND TEMPERATURE MONITRING SYSTEM
PROJECT
BY
KAMAL ACHARYA
(Tribhuvan University)
Date: 2019/04/09
ABSTRACT
Air pollution affects our day to day activities and quality of life. It poses a
threat to the ecosystem and the quality of life on the planet. The dire need to
monitor air quality is very glaring, owing to increased industrial activities
over the past years. People need to know the extent to which their activities
affect air quality. This project proposes an air pollution monitoring system.
The system was developed using the Arduino microcontroller. The air
pollution monitoring system was designed to monitor and analyze air
quality in real-time and log data to a remote server, keeping the data
updated over the internet. Air quality measurements were taken based on the
Parts per Million (PPM) metrics and The air quality measurements taken by
the designed system was accurate. The result was displayed on the designed
hardware's display interface and could be accessed via the cloud on any
smart mobile device.
This project introduces a temperature and humidity monitoring/sending
system, which is based on digital technology and computer technology, using
the DHT11 and DHT22 sensor make by Sensirion company of Swiss. The
system overcomes disadvantages of poor linearity, low accuracy
transmission complex use of traditional system with the analog humidity
sensor and makes measurement for temperature and humidor higher
precision.
Keywords: Programming, Project management and Computer engineering

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Table of content
Sr. no Chapter Pg No
1. Introduction 7
2. Objective 8
3. Literature Review 9
5. Problem Statement 10
6. Proposed System 11
7. Implementation 19
8. Output 21
9. Conclusion 24
10. Reference 25
INTRODUCTION
Air Pollution Monitoring System in which we will monitor the Air
Quality over a web server using internet and will trigger a alarm
when the air quality goes down beyond a certain level, means
when there are sufficient amount of harmful gases are present in
the air like CO2, smoke, alcohol, benzene and NH3. It will show
the air quality in PPM on the LCD and as well as on webpage so
that we can monitor it very easily.
Humidity and temperature are common parameters to measure
environmental conditions. A combined temperature and humidity
sensor DHT11 is used to develop the Celsius scale thermometer
and percentage scale humidity measurement module.
DHT11 sensor gives very precise value of humidity and
temperatureand ensures high reliability and long term stability.
In this Arduino Project we will learn how to use the DHT11 or the
DHT22 sensor for measuring temperature and humidity with the
Arduino board. Traditional analog humidity sensor need signal
circuit design, adjustment and calibration, for which, the precision
can not be guaranteed, so does the linearity, repetition,
interchanging and consistency. DHT11 and DHT22 is a new type
temperature/humidity sensor made by Sensirion Company based
on CMOSens technology, which combines CMOS chip with
sensor. Temperature /humidity sensor, signal magnifier, A/D
switch and 12C bus interface are intergrade in one chip. The author
designs a temperature/ humidity measurement and sends system
with SHT1x sensor for temperature/humidity measurement in
close circumstances. Live temperature or humidity value is sent to
a forage receiver through wireless signal.

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OBJECTIVE
To develop a wireless network technology based Air Pollution
And Monitoring System (Mote1) that can detect the pollution rate
and provide the value in ppm (parts per million) and Temperature
Humidity Monitoring System (Mote2) will identify and recognize
the Temperature and Humidity in environment and provide value
in Degree Celsius(C) and Percentage (%).
The core objectives are:
1. Check the air quality relative to standards or limit values.
2. Detect the importance of individual sources.
3. Inform the public about the air quality and raise the awareness.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
An air pollutant is a substance in the air that can have adverse effects on
humans and the ecosystem. The substance can be solid particles, liquid
droplets, or gases. A pollutant can be of natural origin or man-made.
Pollutants are classified as primary or secondary. Primary pollutants are
usually produced from a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption.
Pollutants are either emitted directly or formed from other primary
pollutants.
Major primary pollutants produced by human activity include:
1.Sulfur oxides (SOx) - particularly sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound
with the formula SO2. it is produced by volcanoes and in various
industrial processes. Coal and petroleum often contain sulfur
compounds, and their combustion generates sulfur dioxide.
2.Nitrogen oxides (NOx) - Nitrogen oxides, particularly nitrogen dioxide,
are expelled from high temperature combustion, and are also produced
during thunderstorms by electric discharge.
3.Carbon monoxide (CO) - CO is a colorless, odorless, toxic yet non-
irritating gas. It is a product by incomplete combustion of fuel such as
natural gas, coal or wood. Vehicular exhaust is a major source of carbon
monoxide.
Temperature and humidity are very important parameters of the
environment in various industries like medicine, food, paper mills,
textile, etc. In recent years, optical fiber sensors have attracted more
attentions in sensing and measurement areas due to their many
advantages over their conventional electronic counterparts. The response
of our designed system presents the temperature or humidity is out of
range as defined by the user by using Arduino and DHT11.
But majority of times such an alerting message could easily go
unnoticed, the user or the person in charge is sleeping in case if the
intended person in sleeping. so it is better to log the data in a remote
computer in case of such an event so that he can keep an track of the
data. Another work in use the alarming system for the Attending staff .
The temperature and humidity measurement sensor can fail if the user of
the in charge is Away for the situation where the emergency is taking
place.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Air Pollution Monitoring System in which we will monitor the Air
Quality over a web server using internet and will trigger a alarm when
the air quality goes down beyond a certain level, means when there are
sufficient amount of harmful gases are present in the air like CO2,
smoke, alcohol, benzene and NH3. It will show the air quality in PPM on
the LCD and as well as on webpage so that we can monitor it very
easily.MQ135 sensor can sense NH3, NOx, alcohol, Benzene, smoke,
CO2 and some other gases, so it is perfect gas sensor for our Air Quality
Monitoring System.
The temperature and humidity monitoring system will identify and
recognize the temperature and humidity.

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PROPOSED SYSTEM
The design consists more on actual planning of hardware part than the
code to be created. A number of software and hardware implementation
techniques were used to design and develop the system. The system
design consists three sections - one senses the humidity and temperature
by using humidity and temperature sensor DHT11. The second section
reads the DHT sensor module’s output and extracts temperature and
humidity values into a suitable number in percentage and Celsius scale.
And the third part of the system displays humidity and temperature on
LCD. The system connection is based on single wire serial
communication. First Arduino send a start signal to DHT module and
then DHT gives a response signal containing temperature and humidity
data. Arduino collect and extract in two parts one is humidity and second
is temperature and then long term stability. This sensor has a resistive
type humidity measurement component and NTC type temperature
measurement component with an 8-bit microcontroller inbuilt which has
a fast response and cost effective and available in 4-pin single row
package. DHT11 module works on serial communication i.e. single wire
communication. This module sends data in form of pulse train of specific
time period. Before sending data to Arduino it needs some initialize
command with a time delay.
Hardware Requirements:
1. MQ135 Gas Sensor
2. Arduino Uno
3. Wi-Fi module ESP8266
4.16X2 LCD
5. Breadboard 6.Buzzer
7.DHTT Temperature Humidity Sensor
COMPONENT DETAILS
1.MQ135 Gas Sensor
Air quality sensor for detecting a wide range of gases, including NH3,
NOx, alcohol, benzene, smoke and CO2. Ideal for use in office or
factory. MQ135 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Ammonia, Sulfide and
Benze steam, also sensitive to smoke and other harmful gases. It is with
low cost and particularly suitable for Air quality monitoring application.
1.DTH11 TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY SENSOR
DHT11 module works on serial communication i.e. single wire
communication. This module sends data in form of pulse train of
specific time period. Before sending data to Arduino it needs
some initialize command with a time delay.
And the whole process time is about 4ms. The single-wire serial
interface makes system integration quick and easy. Its small size,
low power consumption and up-to-20 meter signal transmission
making it the best choice for various applications, including those
most demanding ones. The component is 4-pin single row pin
package.

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Software used
C Language
C is a structured programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie in
1973 at Bell Laboratories. It is one of the most popular computer
languages today because of its structure, high-level abstraction, machine
independent feature etc. C language was developed to write the UNIX
operating system, hence it is strongly associated with UNIX, which is
one of the most popular network operating system in use today and heart
of internet data superhighway. C language is a very good language to
introduce yourself to the programming world, as it is a simple procedural
language which is capable of doing wonders. Programs written in C
language takes very less time to execute and almost executes at the speed
of assembly language instructions. Initially C language was mainly used
for writing system level programs, like designing operating systems, but
there are other applications as well which can be very well designed and
developed using C language, like Text Editors, Compilers, Network
Drivers etc.
Arduino
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-
platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the
programming language Java. It is used to write and upload programs to
Arduino board. The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU
General Public License, version 2.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Air Pollution Monitoring System
Temperature And Humidity Monitoring System

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SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
#include <MQ135.h> #include <SoftwareSerial.h> #define
DEBUG true
SoftwareSerial esp8266(10,11); // This makes pin 9 of Arduino as
RX pin and pin 10 of Arduino as the TX pin
const int sensorPin= 0; int air_quality;
#include <LiquidCrystal.h> LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11, 5, 4, 3, 2);
void setup() { pinMode(8, OUTPUT); lcd.begin(16,2);
lcd.setCursor (0,0); lcd.print ("Project on: "); lcd.setCursor (0,1);
lcd.print ("Gas Detection "); delay(1000); Serial.begin(9600);
esp8266.begin(9600); // your esp's baud rate might be different
sendData("AT+RSTrn",2000,DEBUG); // reset module
sendData("AT+CWMODE=2rn",1000,DEBUG); // configure
as access point sendData("AT+CIFSRrn",1000,DEBUG); // get
ip address sendData("AT+CIPMUX=1rn",1000,DEBUG); //
configure for multiple connections
sendData("AT+CIPSERVER=1,80rn",1000,DEBUG); // turn on
server on port 80
pinMode(sensorPin, INPUT); //Gas sensor will be an input to the
arduino lcd.clear();
}
void loop() {
MQ135 gasSensor = MQ135(A0);
float air_quality = gasSensor.getPPM();
if(esp8266.available()) // check if the esp is sending a message
{
if(esp8266.find("+IPD,"))
{
delay(1000);
int connectionId = esp8266.read()-48; /* We are subtracting 48
from the output because the read() function returns the ASCII
decimal value and the first decimal number which is 0 starts at
48*/
String webpage = "<h1>IOT Air Pollution Monitoring
System</h1>"; webpage += "<p><h2>";
webpage+= " Air Quality is "; webpage+= air_quality;
webpage+=" PPM";

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webpage += "<p>"; if (air_quality<=10)
{
webpage+= "Fresh Air";
}
else if(air_quality<=20 && air_quality>=10)
{
webpage+= "Poor Air";
}
else if (air_quality>=20)
{
webpage+= "Danger! Move to Fresh Air";
}
webpage += "</h2></p></body>"; String cipSend =
"AT+CIPSEND="; cipSend += connectionId;
cipSend += ",";
cipSend +=webpage.length(); cipSend +="rn";
sendData(cipSend,1000,DEBUG);
sendData(webpage,1000,DEBUG);
cipSend = "AT+CIPSEND=";
cipSend += connectionId; cipSend += ",";
cipSend +=webpage.length(); cipSend +="rn";
String closeCommand = "AT+CIPCLOSE=";
closeCommand+=connectionId; // append connection id
closeCommand+="rn";
sendData(closeCommand,3000,DEBUG);
}
}
lcd.setCursor (0, 0); lcd.print ("Air Quality is "); lcd.print
(air_quality); lcd.print (" PPM "); lcd.setCursor (0,1);
if (air_quality<=10)
{
lcd.print("Fresh Air"); digitalWrite(8, LOW);
}
else if( air_quality>=10 && air_quality<=20 )
{
lcd.print("Poor Air, Open Windows"); digitalWrite(8, HIGH );
}
else if (air_quality>=20 )
{
lcd.print("Danger! Move to Fresh Air"); digitalWrite(8, HIGH); //
turn the LED on
}
lcd.scrollDisplayLeft(); delay(1000);
}
String sendData(String command, const int timeout, boolean debug)
{
String response = "";
esp8266.print(command); // send the read character to the esp8266
long int time = millis();
while( (time+timeout) > millis())
{
while(esp8266.available())
{
// The esp has data so display its output to the serial window
char c = esp8266.read(); // read the next character. response+=c;
}
}
if(debug)
{
Serial.print(response);
}
return response;

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}
Blynk App Library
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
#include <ESP8266_Lib.h>
// You should get Auth Token in the Blynk App.
// Go to the Project Settings (nut icon).
char auth[] = "09e75834124046129be70f686f917a3d";
// Your WiFi credentials.
// Set/#include <BlynkSimpleShieldEsp8266.h> password to "" for
open networks.
char
ssid[]
=
"CPH
1701
";
char
pass[
] =
"123
4567
89";
// Hardware Serial on Mega, Leonardo, Micro...
//#define EspSerial Serial1
// or Software
Serial on Uno,
Nano... #include
<SoftwareSerial.h
>
SoftwareSerial EspSerial(10, 11); // RX, TX
// Your ESP8266 baud rate:
#define ESP8266_BAUD 9600
BlynkTimer timer;
// This function sends Arduino's up time every second to Virtual Pin (5).
// In the app, Widget's reading frequency should be set to PUSH. This
means
// that you define how often to send
data to Blynk App. void
myTimerEvent()
{
// You can send any value at any time.
// Please don't send more that 10
values per second. int

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sense=analogRead(A0);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, sense);
}
ESP8266 wifi(&EspSerial);
void setup()
{
// Debug console Serial.begin(9600);
delay(10);
// Set ESP8266 baud rate EspSerial.begin(ESP8266_BAUD); delay(10);
Blynk.begin(auth, wifi, ssid, pass); timer.setInterval(1000L,
myTimerEvent);
}
void loop()
{
Blynk.run();
timer.run(); // Initiates BlynkTimer
}
CODE 2: For Temperature & humidity Sensor
#include"dht.h" // Including library for dht #include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(14,15,16,17,18,19); #include<Timer.h>
Timer t;
#include <SoftwareSerial.h> SoftwareSerial Serial1(2, 3);
#define dht_dpin 12
#define heart 13 dht DHT;
char *api_key="SIWOYBX26OXQ1WMS"; // Enter your Write API key
from ThingSpeak
static char postUrl[150]; int humi,tem;
void httpGet(String ip, String path, int port=80);
void setup()
{
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" Humidity "); lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print("
Measurement "); delay(2000);
lcd.clear(); lcd.print("Circuit Digest "); lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Welcomes You"); delay(2000); Serial1.begin(9600);
Serial.begin(9600); lcd.clear();
lcd.print("WIFI Connecting"); lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Please wait ");
Serial.println("Connecting Wifi ");
connect_wifi("AT",1000); connect_wifi("AT+CWMODE=1",1000);
connect_wifi("AT+CWQAP",1000); connect_wifi("AT+RST",5000);
connect_wifi("AT+CWJAP="1st floor","muda1884"",10000);
Serial.println("Wifi Connected");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("WIFI Connected."); pinMode(heart, OUTPUT); delay(2000);
t.oscillate(heart, 1000, LOW); t.every(20000, send2server);
}void loop()
{
DHT.read11(dht_dpin); lcd.setCursor(0,0); lcd.print("Humidity: ");
humi=DHT.humidity;
lcd.print(humi); // printing Humidity on LCD lcd.print(" % ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1); lcd.print("Temperature:"); tem=DHT.temperature;
lcd.print(tem); // Printing temperature on LCD lcd.write(1);
lcd.print("C "); delay(1000); t.update();

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OUTPUT CONCLUSION
This proposed system can provide a convenient method for effective
monitoring of temperature and humidity in real time. This system is compact
to an extent and cost effective when compared to prices of instruments used
to measure the environmental factors. From the above all analysis, it is
ensured that the nested wired systems can be replaced by the wireless sensor
networks to get an accurate data as well as to avoid many hazardous issues.
The system to monitor the air of environment using Arduino micro
controller. Gas sensor gives the sense of different type of dangerous gases. It
supports new technology and healthy life concept.

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References
1. Kamal Acharya. Teacher record management system project
report. Authorea. August 02, 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.172261514.46787329/v1
2. Kamal Acharya. POST OFFICE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
PROJECT REPORT. Authorea. August 02, 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.172261514.44494375/v1
3. Kamal Acharya. Fruit shop management system project
report. Authorea. August 02, 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.172261514.42227675/v1
4. Kamal Acharya. Dairy management system project
report. Authorea. August 02, 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.172261513.39402347/v1
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NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT
REPORT. Authorea. August 01, 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.172254873.37480177/v1
6. Kamal Acharya. School management system project
report. Authorea. August 01, 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.172254873.34023165/v1
7. Kamal Acharya. A CASE STUDY OF CINEMA MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM PROJECT. Authorea. August 01, 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.172254873.30191075/v1
8. Kamal Acharya. A CASE STUDY ON ONLINE TICKET BOOKING
SYSTEM PROJECT. Authorea. August 01, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.172254872.26972790/v1
9. Kamal Acharya. RETAIL STORE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
PROJECT REPORT. Authorea. August 01, 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.172254871.14590154/v1
10. Kamal Acharya. SUPERMARKET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
PROJECT REPORT. Authorea. August 01, 2024.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.172252491.19145062/v1