The document discusses shale and shale gas. It describes shale as a sedimentary rock made of clay particles that is low permeability. Shale gas is natural gas stored in shale formations. New technologies like horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have allowed for increased shale gas extraction by cracking the shale and propping it open with sand. These technologies have led to a shale gas boom in the United States, increasing natural gas production and reducing prices.
This document provides an overview of shale gas in the USA. It discusses the US shale gas revolution, which began with increased production from the Barnett Shale play using horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. This led US natural gas production to increase significantly between 2000-2010. It also discusses key shale gas basins in the US like the Marcellus shale and the production and distribution of shale gas across the US natural gas pipeline network. The large increase in shale gas production has positively impacted the US energy market through increased domestic supply, lower natural gas prices, and economic benefits.
The document discusses shale oil and gas, focusing on unconventional reservoirs like the Eagle Ford and Bakken shales. It provides details on:
1) How shale formations were deposited in anoxic marine environments and matured over time to generate oil and gas from organic-rich source rocks.
2) Technological advances like horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing that made extraction of shale oil and gas economically viable.
3) Key properties that make shales good targets, like total organic carbon content and thermal maturity levels in the oil and gas windows.
4) Major shale oil and gas plays in the US like the Eagle Ford and Bakken, their geologic settings, production characteristics influenced by maturity
The document summarizes key aspects of shale gas development in North America and globally. It discusses how shale gas production differs from conventional reservoirs by requiring hydraulic fracturing to stimulate low permeability shale formations. The shale revolution has transformed expectations for natural gas supply by making vast shale gas resources technically and economically recoverable. This has major implications for North America's and the world's natural gas markets by reducing reliance on imports. However, issues around hydraulic fracturing continue to be debated regarding environmental and public health impacts.
This document discusses shale gas, an unconventional source of natural gas found in shale rock formations hundreds of meters underground. It can be extracted through hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. While shale gas can increase energy supply and reduce dependence on foreign oil, there are environmental concerns about potential groundwater contamination and impacts on wildlife habitats and communities. The document also outlines the global distribution of shale gas resources and debates around the pros and cons of developing this energy source.
This document summarizes the composition and properties of shale gas systems and the Tanezzuft gas shale in the Ghadames Basin of North Africa. The key points are:
1) Shale gas systems contain all elements of a petroleum system (source, reservoir, seal) within shale formations and can form large, continuous accumulations being exploited in the US.
2) The Tanezzuft shale is a world-class source rock in the Ghadames Basin with total organic carbon contents up to 15% and oil-prone Type II kerogen.
3) Basin modelling and maturity analysis indicates the Tanezzuft shale is in the wet gas generation stage in key areas
FINAL REPORT OF NANOMATERIALS THAT COULD FIGHT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND REDUC...LeTsKnOw1
IN THIS FINAL REPORT I HAVE REPORTED HOW THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE OCCURS AND REDUCE IT BY NANOTECHNOLOGY
SUBJECT:PHY 1901 INTRODUCTION TO INNOVATIVE PROJECTS
IN THIS I HAVE WORKED FOR 3 MONTHS FOR THIS PROJECT
This document provides an overview of shale gas in the USA. It discusses the US shale gas revolution, which began with increased production from the Barnett Shale play using horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. This led US natural gas production to increase significantly between 2000-2010. It also discusses key shale gas basins in the US like the Marcellus shale and the production and distribution of shale gas across the US natural gas pipeline network. The large increase in shale gas production has positively impacted the US energy market through increased domestic supply, lower natural gas prices, and economic benefits.
The document discusses shale oil and gas, focusing on unconventional reservoirs like the Eagle Ford and Bakken shales. It provides details on:
1) How shale formations were deposited in anoxic marine environments and matured over time to generate oil and gas from organic-rich source rocks.
2) Technological advances like horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing that made extraction of shale oil and gas economically viable.
3) Key properties that make shales good targets, like total organic carbon content and thermal maturity levels in the oil and gas windows.
4) Major shale oil and gas plays in the US like the Eagle Ford and Bakken, their geologic settings, production characteristics influenced by maturity
The document summarizes key aspects of shale gas development in North America and globally. It discusses how shale gas production differs from conventional reservoirs by requiring hydraulic fracturing to stimulate low permeability shale formations. The shale revolution has transformed expectations for natural gas supply by making vast shale gas resources technically and economically recoverable. This has major implications for North America's and the world's natural gas markets by reducing reliance on imports. However, issues around hydraulic fracturing continue to be debated regarding environmental and public health impacts.
This document discusses shale gas, an unconventional source of natural gas found in shale rock formations hundreds of meters underground. It can be extracted through hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. While shale gas can increase energy supply and reduce dependence on foreign oil, there are environmental concerns about potential groundwater contamination and impacts on wildlife habitats and communities. The document also outlines the global distribution of shale gas resources and debates around the pros and cons of developing this energy source.
This document summarizes the composition and properties of shale gas systems and the Tanezzuft gas shale in the Ghadames Basin of North Africa. The key points are:
1) Shale gas systems contain all elements of a petroleum system (source, reservoir, seal) within shale formations and can form large, continuous accumulations being exploited in the US.
2) The Tanezzuft shale is a world-class source rock in the Ghadames Basin with total organic carbon contents up to 15% and oil-prone Type II kerogen.
3) Basin modelling and maturity analysis indicates the Tanezzuft shale is in the wet gas generation stage in key areas
FINAL REPORT OF NANOMATERIALS THAT COULD FIGHT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND REDUC...LeTsKnOw1
IN THIS FINAL REPORT I HAVE REPORTED HOW THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE OCCURS AND REDUCE IT BY NANOTECHNOLOGY
SUBJECT:PHY 1901 INTRODUCTION TO INNOVATIVE PROJECTS
IN THIS I HAVE WORKED FOR 3 MONTHS FOR THIS PROJECT
The document discusses various unconventional hydrocarbon resources including heavy oil and tar sands, oil shale, gas hydrates, coal bed methane, and shale gas. It provides details on their geology, extraction methods, challenges, and key properties affecting production. Thermal methods like steam injection and electrical heating are used to extract heavy oil and tar sands. In situ conversion process and hydraulic fracturing improve extraction of oil shale and shale gas respectively.
The document discusses the potential for shale oil and gas production in Pakistan. It begins by providing background on shale formations and the history of shale gas extraction. It then reviews global shale oil and gas resources and production, particularly in the United States. Technological and economic benefits of shale production are examined for both global and Pakistan-specific contexts. Environmental aspects and concerns related to various stages of shale extraction processes are also outlined. The document concludes by recommending that Pakistan establish policies and conduct thorough feasibility studies to minimize environmental impacts and ensure safe shale production.
This document summarizes a presentation on modern shale gas development. It discusses how advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have made shale gas production economically viable in recent years. It provides an overview of major shale gas plays in the US and details of the geology, drilling, fracturing process and environmental considerations of shale gas development. The presentation emphasizes how horizontal drilling reduces surface impacts compared to vertical wells and discusses water sourcing, reuse and disposal in different shale basins.
The document provides information on shale gas production from shale formations through horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. It describes the multi-stage well construction process, including drilling vertically to depth before deviating the wellbore horizontally within the shale layer. Hydraulic fracturing is then used to create fractures in the shale, allowing natural gas to flow into the wellbore. Testing follows to measure gas and fluid recovery from the shale reservoir.
An Update on Gas CCS Project: Effective Adsorbents for Establishing Solids Looping as a Next Generation NG PCC Technology - presentation by Colin Snape in the Natural Gas CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Carbon dioxide capture, storage, and sequestration (CCS) involves three key steps: (1) capturing CO2 from large stationary sources like power plants, (2) transporting the captured CO2, and (3) storing it in underground geological formations or mineralizing it through chemical reactions. The document discusses methods for CO2 capture including absorption, adsorption, membranes, and cryogenics. It also addresses challenges like cost, efficiency losses during capture, and developing more effective materials. Storage relies on trapping CO2 in porous rock formations through mechanisms like structural traps or dissolution into water. Sequestration aims to permanently remove CO2 from the atmosphere through natural sinks like forests or converting it to
Scientific Facts on CO2 Capture and StorageGreenFacts
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas that contributes to Earth’s global warming. Over the past two centuries, its concentration in the atmosphere has greatly increased, mainly because of human activities such as fossil fuel burning.
One possible option for reducing CO2 emissions is to store it underground. This technique is called Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS).
How does it work? Could it really help addressing climate change?
Co2 removal through solvent and membraneRashesh Shah
1) Carbon dioxide separation from fossil fuel combustion gases is important for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Amine-based chemical absorption is the most common existing method, using solvents like monoethanolamine (MEA) to capture CO2.
2) However, MEA absorption requires high energy costs for solvent regeneration. New solvents are being developed to improve the efficiency and reduce costs of CO2 capture from power plant flue gases.
3) Key challenges include the low pressure of flue gases, oxygen and sulfur oxide content, and solvent degradation. Integrating capture with power plants could utilize low-grade waste heat to reduce energy costs.
What is fracking? What is retorting? How can it be done? Why should India go for extracting the shales?
This is a brief introduction to all the answers you might be wanting regarding shale gas and shale oil......
After all this is a research in progress in which India has a huge potential!
Apec workshop 2 presentation 5 e apec workshop mexico capture technologies ...Global CCS Institute
This document summarizes different carbon capture technologies including post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-combustion systems. Post-combustion systems use amine-based solvents to separate CO2 from flue gases, while pre-combustion separates CO2 from syngas before combustion using physical or chemical solvents. Oxy-combustion produces a concentrated CO2 stream by combusting fuels in oxygen instead of air. The document also discusses applying these technologies to industrial sectors like oil refining, cement production, and iron and steel manufacturing.
Carbon Capture & Storage - Options For IndiaAniruddha Sharma
The presentation will try to answer a few key questions related to the cost, technology, scalability and risks involved in widespread deployment of the carbon capture and sequestration technology.
A novel approach to carbon dioxide capture and storage by brett p. spigarelli...Kuan-Tsae Huang
The review provides a critical analysis of the major technologies for capturing carbon dioxide from fossil fuel power plants, including post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, oxy-combustion, and chemical looping combustion. Each technology has advantages and disadvantages and are at different stages of development. Fossil fuel power plants are currently the largest point source of carbon dioxide emissions, accounting for roughly 40% of total emissions, making them a logical target for implementing carbon capture technologies to reduce emissions.
This document discusses strategies for carbon capture and storage as well as carbon dioxide utilization at PT Krakatau Steel in Indonesia. It analyzes models for CO2 capture from steel production and power plants, as well as sequestration methods like injection into geological formations or for enhanced oil recovery. Utilization strategies examined include microalgae cultivation for biofuels, seaweed farming to sequester carbon, and thermal decomposition of CO2 into synthesis gas. The document provides an overview of these various carbon reduction program options and references supporting literature.
This document provides an overview of carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems. It discusses the need to reduce CO2 emissions to mitigate climate change. CCS systems aim to capture over 80% of CO2 emissions from power plants and industrial facilities, transport it via pipelines or ships, and store it underground in geological formations or in the deep ocean. The document describes different capture methods including pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxyfuel combustion. It also discusses transportation and storage options as well as some real-world CCS project sites. While CCS could significantly reduce emissions, the technology is currently very expensive and poses risks if CO2 leaks from storage locations. More research is still needed to improve C
This document discusses carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from power plant flue gases. It begins by outlining the need to reduce CO2 emissions due to constraints on emissions and fossil fuel resources. It then discusses various CO2 capture technologies currently used or under development for post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion processes. These include chemical absorption, adsorption, membranes, and cryogenic separation. The document also addresses the costs, challenges, and energy penalties associated with implementing CO2 capture at power plants.
Managing carbon geological storage and natural resources in sedimentary basinsGlobal CCS Institute
To highlight the research and achievements of Australian researchers, the Global CCS Institute, together with Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development (ANLEC R&D), will hold a series of webinars throughout 2017. Each webinar will highlight a specific ANLEC R&D research project and the relevant report found on the Institute’s website.
This is the eighth webinar of the series and will present on basin resource management and carbon storage. With the ongoing deployment of CCS facilities globally, the pore space - the voids in the rock deep in sedimentary basins – are now a commercial resource. This is a relatively new concept with only a few industries utilising that pore space to date.
This webinar presented a framework for the management of basin resources including carbon storage. Prospective sites for geological storage of carbon dioxide target largely sedimentary basins since these provide the most suitable geological settings for safe, long-term storage of greenhouse gases. Sedimentary basins can host different natural resources that may occur in isolated pockets, across widely dispersed regions, in multiple locations, within a single layer of strata or at various depths.
In Australia, the primary basin resources are groundwater, oil and gas, unconventional gas, coal and geothermal energy. Understanding the nature of how these resources are distributed in the subsurface is fundamental to managing basin resource development and carbon dioxide storage. Natural resources can overlap laterally or with depth and have been developed successfully for decades. Geological storage of carbon dioxide is another basin resource that must be considered in developing a basin-scale resource management system to ensure that multiple uses of the subsurface can sustainably and pragmatically co-exist.
This webinar was presented by Karsten Michael, Research Team Leader, CSIRO Energy.
Shale gas is natural gas i.e. trapped within Shale. For to extract it we have use some extraction techniques like Horizontal Drilling or Hydraulic Fracking.
Mercury and other trace metals in the gas from an oxy-combustion demonstratio...Global CCS Institute
To highlight the research and achievements of Australian researchers, the Global CCS Institute together with ANLEC R&D will hold a series of webinars throughout 2017. Each webinar will highlight a specific ANLEC R&D research project and the relevant report found on the Institute’s website. This is the seventh webinar of the series and presented the results of a test program on the retrofitted Callide A power plant in Central Queensland.
The behaviour of trace metals and the related characteristics of the formation of fine particles may have important implications for process options, gas cleaning, environmental risk and resultant cost in oxy-fuel combustion. Environmental and operational risk will be determined by a range of inter-related factors including:
The concentrations of trace metals in the gas produced from the overall process;
Capture efficiencies of the trace species in the various air pollution control devices used in the process; including gas and particulate control devices, and specialised systems for the removal of specific species such as mercury;
Gas quality required to avoid operational issues such as corrosion, and to enable sequestration in a variety of storage media without creating unacceptable environmental risks; the required quality for CO2 transport will be defined by (future and awaited) regulation but may be at the standards currently required of food or beverage grade CO2; and
Speciation of some trace elements
Macquarie University was engaged by the Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development Ltd (ANLEC R&D) to investigate the behaviour of trace elements during oxy-firing and CO2 capture and processing in a test program on the retrofitted Callide A power plant, with capability for both oxy and air-firing. Gaseous and particulate sampling was undertaken in the process exhaust gas stream after fabric filtration at the stack and at various stages of the CO2 compression and purification process. These measurements have provided detailed information on trace components of oxy-fired combustion gases and comparative measurements under air fired conditions. The field trials were supported by laboratory work where combustion took place in a drop tube furnace and modelling of mercury partitioning using the iPOG model.
The results obtained suggest that oxy-firing does not pose significantly higher environmental or operational risks than conventional air-firing. The levels of trace metals in the “purified” CO2 gas stream should not pose operational issues within the CO2 Processing Unit (CPU).
This webinar was presented by Peter Nelson, Professor of Environmental Studies, and Anthony Morrison, Senior Research Fellow, from the Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University.
CCUS in the USA: Activity, Prospects, and Academic Research - plenary presentation given by Alissa Park at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Tar sands and oil shale are unconventional sources of petroleum that require more energy-intensive extraction and processing than conventional crude oil. Tar sands, also known as oil sands, consist of bitumen mixed with sand, clay, and water found predominantly in Alberta, Canada. Oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing kerogen, which can be converted to synthetic oil via pyrolysis. While Canada and the United States have large reserves of tar sands and oil shale that could help meet energy demand, extraction causes significant environmental impacts through land disturbance, water and air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.
Past, present & future of shale gas pptAmar Gaikwad
Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock formed by the compaction of silt and clay minerals. Shale gas is natural gas contained within shale formations. It has low porosity and permeability, making the gas difficult to extract. Historically, shale gas was not produced much due to a lack of technology. The Barnett Shale in Texas was the first major shale gas field developed. While shale gas production has grown and provides benefits, it also raises environmental and economic concerns that require responsible production and use.
This document provides an overview of a study on shale gas in India. It discusses the potential for shale gas extraction in India based on learnings from successful extraction in the US. Key sections cover the technology developments enabling economical shale gas extraction, India's identified shale gas basins and their potential, possible players in the Indian market, and increasing momentum for shale gas exploration in India with activities by public and private sector companies and the government. Challenges to shale gas extraction in India are also acknowledged.
The document discusses various unconventional hydrocarbon resources including heavy oil and tar sands, oil shale, gas hydrates, coal bed methane, and shale gas. It provides details on their geology, extraction methods, challenges, and key properties affecting production. Thermal methods like steam injection and electrical heating are used to extract heavy oil and tar sands. In situ conversion process and hydraulic fracturing improve extraction of oil shale and shale gas respectively.
The document discusses the potential for shale oil and gas production in Pakistan. It begins by providing background on shale formations and the history of shale gas extraction. It then reviews global shale oil and gas resources and production, particularly in the United States. Technological and economic benefits of shale production are examined for both global and Pakistan-specific contexts. Environmental aspects and concerns related to various stages of shale extraction processes are also outlined. The document concludes by recommending that Pakistan establish policies and conduct thorough feasibility studies to minimize environmental impacts and ensure safe shale production.
This document summarizes a presentation on modern shale gas development. It discusses how advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have made shale gas production economically viable in recent years. It provides an overview of major shale gas plays in the US and details of the geology, drilling, fracturing process and environmental considerations of shale gas development. The presentation emphasizes how horizontal drilling reduces surface impacts compared to vertical wells and discusses water sourcing, reuse and disposal in different shale basins.
The document provides information on shale gas production from shale formations through horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. It describes the multi-stage well construction process, including drilling vertically to depth before deviating the wellbore horizontally within the shale layer. Hydraulic fracturing is then used to create fractures in the shale, allowing natural gas to flow into the wellbore. Testing follows to measure gas and fluid recovery from the shale reservoir.
An Update on Gas CCS Project: Effective Adsorbents for Establishing Solids Looping as a Next Generation NG PCC Technology - presentation by Colin Snape in the Natural Gas CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Carbon dioxide capture, storage, and sequestration (CCS) involves three key steps: (1) capturing CO2 from large stationary sources like power plants, (2) transporting the captured CO2, and (3) storing it in underground geological formations or mineralizing it through chemical reactions. The document discusses methods for CO2 capture including absorption, adsorption, membranes, and cryogenics. It also addresses challenges like cost, efficiency losses during capture, and developing more effective materials. Storage relies on trapping CO2 in porous rock formations through mechanisms like structural traps or dissolution into water. Sequestration aims to permanently remove CO2 from the atmosphere through natural sinks like forests or converting it to
Scientific Facts on CO2 Capture and StorageGreenFacts
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas that contributes to Earth’s global warming. Over the past two centuries, its concentration in the atmosphere has greatly increased, mainly because of human activities such as fossil fuel burning.
One possible option for reducing CO2 emissions is to store it underground. This technique is called Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS).
How does it work? Could it really help addressing climate change?
Co2 removal through solvent and membraneRashesh Shah
1) Carbon dioxide separation from fossil fuel combustion gases is important for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Amine-based chemical absorption is the most common existing method, using solvents like monoethanolamine (MEA) to capture CO2.
2) However, MEA absorption requires high energy costs for solvent regeneration. New solvents are being developed to improve the efficiency and reduce costs of CO2 capture from power plant flue gases.
3) Key challenges include the low pressure of flue gases, oxygen and sulfur oxide content, and solvent degradation. Integrating capture with power plants could utilize low-grade waste heat to reduce energy costs.
What is fracking? What is retorting? How can it be done? Why should India go for extracting the shales?
This is a brief introduction to all the answers you might be wanting regarding shale gas and shale oil......
After all this is a research in progress in which India has a huge potential!
Apec workshop 2 presentation 5 e apec workshop mexico capture technologies ...Global CCS Institute
This document summarizes different carbon capture technologies including post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-combustion systems. Post-combustion systems use amine-based solvents to separate CO2 from flue gases, while pre-combustion separates CO2 from syngas before combustion using physical or chemical solvents. Oxy-combustion produces a concentrated CO2 stream by combusting fuels in oxygen instead of air. The document also discusses applying these technologies to industrial sectors like oil refining, cement production, and iron and steel manufacturing.
Carbon Capture & Storage - Options For IndiaAniruddha Sharma
The presentation will try to answer a few key questions related to the cost, technology, scalability and risks involved in widespread deployment of the carbon capture and sequestration technology.
A novel approach to carbon dioxide capture and storage by brett p. spigarelli...Kuan-Tsae Huang
The review provides a critical analysis of the major technologies for capturing carbon dioxide from fossil fuel power plants, including post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, oxy-combustion, and chemical looping combustion. Each technology has advantages and disadvantages and are at different stages of development. Fossil fuel power plants are currently the largest point source of carbon dioxide emissions, accounting for roughly 40% of total emissions, making them a logical target for implementing carbon capture technologies to reduce emissions.
This document discusses strategies for carbon capture and storage as well as carbon dioxide utilization at PT Krakatau Steel in Indonesia. It analyzes models for CO2 capture from steel production and power plants, as well as sequestration methods like injection into geological formations or for enhanced oil recovery. Utilization strategies examined include microalgae cultivation for biofuels, seaweed farming to sequester carbon, and thermal decomposition of CO2 into synthesis gas. The document provides an overview of these various carbon reduction program options and references supporting literature.
This document provides an overview of carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems. It discusses the need to reduce CO2 emissions to mitigate climate change. CCS systems aim to capture over 80% of CO2 emissions from power plants and industrial facilities, transport it via pipelines or ships, and store it underground in geological formations or in the deep ocean. The document describes different capture methods including pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxyfuel combustion. It also discusses transportation and storage options as well as some real-world CCS project sites. While CCS could significantly reduce emissions, the technology is currently very expensive and poses risks if CO2 leaks from storage locations. More research is still needed to improve C
This document discusses carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from power plant flue gases. It begins by outlining the need to reduce CO2 emissions due to constraints on emissions and fossil fuel resources. It then discusses various CO2 capture technologies currently used or under development for post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion processes. These include chemical absorption, adsorption, membranes, and cryogenic separation. The document also addresses the costs, challenges, and energy penalties associated with implementing CO2 capture at power plants.
Managing carbon geological storage and natural resources in sedimentary basinsGlobal CCS Institute
To highlight the research and achievements of Australian researchers, the Global CCS Institute, together with Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development (ANLEC R&D), will hold a series of webinars throughout 2017. Each webinar will highlight a specific ANLEC R&D research project and the relevant report found on the Institute’s website.
This is the eighth webinar of the series and will present on basin resource management and carbon storage. With the ongoing deployment of CCS facilities globally, the pore space - the voids in the rock deep in sedimentary basins – are now a commercial resource. This is a relatively new concept with only a few industries utilising that pore space to date.
This webinar presented a framework for the management of basin resources including carbon storage. Prospective sites for geological storage of carbon dioxide target largely sedimentary basins since these provide the most suitable geological settings for safe, long-term storage of greenhouse gases. Sedimentary basins can host different natural resources that may occur in isolated pockets, across widely dispersed regions, in multiple locations, within a single layer of strata or at various depths.
In Australia, the primary basin resources are groundwater, oil and gas, unconventional gas, coal and geothermal energy. Understanding the nature of how these resources are distributed in the subsurface is fundamental to managing basin resource development and carbon dioxide storage. Natural resources can overlap laterally or with depth and have been developed successfully for decades. Geological storage of carbon dioxide is another basin resource that must be considered in developing a basin-scale resource management system to ensure that multiple uses of the subsurface can sustainably and pragmatically co-exist.
This webinar was presented by Karsten Michael, Research Team Leader, CSIRO Energy.
Shale gas is natural gas i.e. trapped within Shale. For to extract it we have use some extraction techniques like Horizontal Drilling or Hydraulic Fracking.
Mercury and other trace metals in the gas from an oxy-combustion demonstratio...Global CCS Institute
To highlight the research and achievements of Australian researchers, the Global CCS Institute together with ANLEC R&D will hold a series of webinars throughout 2017. Each webinar will highlight a specific ANLEC R&D research project and the relevant report found on the Institute’s website. This is the seventh webinar of the series and presented the results of a test program on the retrofitted Callide A power plant in Central Queensland.
The behaviour of trace metals and the related characteristics of the formation of fine particles may have important implications for process options, gas cleaning, environmental risk and resultant cost in oxy-fuel combustion. Environmental and operational risk will be determined by a range of inter-related factors including:
The concentrations of trace metals in the gas produced from the overall process;
Capture efficiencies of the trace species in the various air pollution control devices used in the process; including gas and particulate control devices, and specialised systems for the removal of specific species such as mercury;
Gas quality required to avoid operational issues such as corrosion, and to enable sequestration in a variety of storage media without creating unacceptable environmental risks; the required quality for CO2 transport will be defined by (future and awaited) regulation but may be at the standards currently required of food or beverage grade CO2; and
Speciation of some trace elements
Macquarie University was engaged by the Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development Ltd (ANLEC R&D) to investigate the behaviour of trace elements during oxy-firing and CO2 capture and processing in a test program on the retrofitted Callide A power plant, with capability for both oxy and air-firing. Gaseous and particulate sampling was undertaken in the process exhaust gas stream after fabric filtration at the stack and at various stages of the CO2 compression and purification process. These measurements have provided detailed information on trace components of oxy-fired combustion gases and comparative measurements under air fired conditions. The field trials were supported by laboratory work where combustion took place in a drop tube furnace and modelling of mercury partitioning using the iPOG model.
The results obtained suggest that oxy-firing does not pose significantly higher environmental or operational risks than conventional air-firing. The levels of trace metals in the “purified” CO2 gas stream should not pose operational issues within the CO2 Processing Unit (CPU).
This webinar was presented by Peter Nelson, Professor of Environmental Studies, and Anthony Morrison, Senior Research Fellow, from the Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University.
CCUS in the USA: Activity, Prospects, and Academic Research - plenary presentation given by Alissa Park at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Tar sands and oil shale are unconventional sources of petroleum that require more energy-intensive extraction and processing than conventional crude oil. Tar sands, also known as oil sands, consist of bitumen mixed with sand, clay, and water found predominantly in Alberta, Canada. Oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing kerogen, which can be converted to synthetic oil via pyrolysis. While Canada and the United States have large reserves of tar sands and oil shale that could help meet energy demand, extraction causes significant environmental impacts through land disturbance, water and air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.
Past, present & future of shale gas pptAmar Gaikwad
Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock formed by the compaction of silt and clay minerals. Shale gas is natural gas contained within shale formations. It has low porosity and permeability, making the gas difficult to extract. Historically, shale gas was not produced much due to a lack of technology. The Barnett Shale in Texas was the first major shale gas field developed. While shale gas production has grown and provides benefits, it also raises environmental and economic concerns that require responsible production and use.
This document provides an overview of a study on shale gas in India. It discusses the potential for shale gas extraction in India based on learnings from successful extraction in the US. Key sections cover the technology developments enabling economical shale gas extraction, India's identified shale gas basins and their potential, possible players in the Indian market, and increasing momentum for shale gas exploration in India with activities by public and private sector companies and the government. Challenges to shale gas extraction in India are also acknowledged.
This document provides an overview of shale gas exploration, production, and potential around the globe. It discusses what shale and shale gas/oil are, and compares unconventional and conventional reservoirs. It also covers the technologies of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling used to access shale gas. Global shale gas reserves have increased in recent years, with significant production in the US, Canada, and China. Shale gas has the potential to be developed commercially in other regions as well.
This document discusses shale gas, an unconventional source of natural gas found in shale rock formations hundreds of meters underground. It can be extracted through hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. While shale gas can increase energy supply and reduce dependence on foreign oil, there are environmental concerns about potential groundwater contamination and impacts on wildlife habitats and communities. The document also outlines the global distribution of shale gas resources and debates around the pros and cons of developing this energy source.
Shale gas refers to natural gas that is trapped within shale formations. Shales are fine-grained sedimentary rocks that can be rich sources of petroleum and natural gas.
This document discusses shale gas, including what it is, how it is extracted through hydraulic fracturing, its importance, and experiences with shale gas in the United States and India. Shale gas is natural gas trapped within fine-grained sedimentary shale rocks that have low permeability. Producers drill horizontally through the shale and inject water and chemicals underground at high pressure to create fractures for the gas to flow through. In the US, shale gas supports over 1.6 million jobs and provides significant economic value and tax revenues. India has also begun exploring its shale gas potential to boost its energy independence and economy.
This document provides an overview of coal gasification. It discusses the purposes and benefits of converting coal to gas. Integrated coal gasification combined cycle is highlighted as an important application due to its high efficiency and potential to meet emission standards. The document outlines coal gasification reactions, thermodynamics, and kinetics. It also describes several categories of gasification processes and provides details on key moving bed, fluidized bed, and entrained bed gasification technologies.
The document summarizes Richard Ademola Ogundele's seminar presentation on unconventional reservoirs. It defines unconventional reservoirs as those requiring special recovery operations outside conventional practices. Examples provided include tight gas sands with low permeability, coal-bed methane stored in coal seams, and shale oil extracted from oil shale rock. The case study describes coal-bed methane development in the San Juan Basin of Colorado, where methane is stored adsorbed onto coal surfaces and released by removing water from coal seams. Enhanced recovery methods like injecting carbon dioxide or nitrogen can increase methane production rates and reserves in coal-bed reservoirs. Recent trends show unconventionals like tight gas, shale gas, and coal-bed methane becoming
All of us want an affordable and reliable energy source which we can only get by using coal energy. Although using coal energy is very significant for us and living without it would become impossible, we should always open our minds to the damage the continuous use of coal energy will eventually bring to us and to our environment.
Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of ancient sea creatures. It is often found alongside oil deposits. While dangerous if undetected, natural gas is utilized in the United States as an energy source, providing approximately 25% of consumed energy. Extraction and transportation methods have advanced, increasing available natural gas supplies beyond initial predictions. Future prospects include greater natural gas vehicle usage and power generation, though environmental impacts require ongoing monitoring and improvement.
Coal and petroleum are non-renewable sources of energy that were formed over millions of years from decaying plant and animal matter. Coal is a combustible rock formed from vegetation and is classified based on carbon content. Petroleum is a naturally occurring flammable liquid found beneath the earth's surface that is formed from decomposed organisms and used to produce fuels, asphalt, and other products. While these fossil fuels provide energy, their extraction and use also carries environmental risks like pollution, oil spills, and greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change.
Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane. It is found deep underground and can also be associated with oil fields. The largest sources are in Iran, Russia, and Qatar. Natural gas undergoes processing to remove impurities before use. It is used widely as an energy source for heating, electricity generation, and as a fuel for vehicles. It is also used to produce other chemicals like plastics. Unconventional sources like shale gas now make up a large portion of natural gas production.
The document discusses India's shale gas potential and strategies for developing it. It notes that India has significant shale gas reserves but has not aggressively pursued exploration or production. The document recommends that India follow China's strategy of partnering with US universities and companies to develop expertise in shale gas technologies and build talent pools. It also suggests the government create a shale gas mission to accelerate development of India's reserves through partnerships with US entities and incentives for companies. Overall the document provides an overview of India's shale gas resources and opportunities and calls for bolder policies to promote their development.
This document summarizes research on carbon dioxide storage and sequestration in unconventional shale reservoirs. It discusses how shale formations around the world provide ample storage opportunities due to their widespread presence and existing infrastructure from shale gas development. The document reviews modeling and simulation techniques used to understand fluid flow behavior in shale reservoirs and explains governing equations for gas and water flow in the matrix and fracture domains. It also summarizes learnings from CO2 sequestration projects in saline aquifers and the need for monitoring CO2 distribution during storage projects.
The document discusses various conventional sources of energy in the United States, including coal, natural gas, and oil. It notes that over 80% of fossil fuel emissions come from burning coal, oil, and gas. It also discusses emerging unconventional sources of energy such as shale gas, oil sands, and their environmental challenges. The document advocates reducing dependency on fossil fuels through developing renewable energy sources and implementing emission reduction strategies.
Shale is a sedimentary rock that contains kerogen, an organic material that can be converted to oil through heating. Shale oil extraction involves mining the shale, crushing it, and heating it in retorting processes to produce oil and gas. This is a complex and expensive process that also causes significant environmental impacts, including air and water pollution. New in situ processes that heat the shale underground are being studied as more sustainable alternatives to traditional surface mining and above-ground retorting.
IRJET- Current Scenario and Future Prospects of Shale Gas in IndiaIRJET Journal
This document discusses the current scenario and future prospects of shale gas in India. It begins by providing background on shale gas, noting that it is natural gas produced from shale formations through hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. It then discusses India's significant shale gas potential, with initial estimates of 300-2100 trillion cubic feet of gas in Indian shale basins. The document outlines some of India's major shale gas basins, including the Cambay Basin in Gujarat, the Krishna Godavari Basin, and the Cauvery Basin on the east coast. It provides details on the geology and prospective areas of these basins. Overall, the document analyzes India's shale gas resource potential and reserves while also discussing challenges to developing
Coal was formed in prehistoric ecosystems from the remains of plants that sank into swamps without oxygen and were subjected to heat and pressure over time. As the plant material was compressed, water and other substances were displaced and the carbon content increased, eventually forming coal. Coal deposits were then further layered with other geological materials from natural disasters. Different coal extraction methods were developed depending on the geological formations, including drift mining using inclined tunnels to access shallow coal seams.
Shale gas is natural gas. It is found
in hard, dense underground rocks
called shale (in the past shale was
called slate). Shale gas is odourless,
colourless and mostly methane,
exactly the same as natural gas used
in homes and businesses.
Shale gas was first extracted in the
United States in 1821, but it is only
in the last decade that advances in
technology have made production
viable on a large scale. As a result, shale
gas has grown from 1 per cent of the
United States’ natural gas production
in 2000 to over 26% today.*
The United States Energy Information
Administration has estimated that
Australia could have 437 trillion
cubic feet of recoverable shale gas,
the equivalent of over 200 years of
production at current rates.
Similar to Technology - The Shale Revolution !!! (20)
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
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Taurus Zodiac Sign: Unveiling the Traits, Dates, and Horoscope Insights of th...my Pandit
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This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
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Frameworks/Models included:
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Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
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Technology - The Shale Revolution !!!
1. The ShaleRevolution : Shale RevolutionCharacteristics Existing Technologies Natural Gas References Shale, a sedimentary rock is predominantly comprised of strengthened clay sized particles. Shale is deposited as mud in low energy depositional environments as deep water basins and tidal flats where these fine grained clay particles fall out of suspension in these quite water. Shale is a source rock for hydrocarbon having low permeability. It is a common rock formation across the world. Unconventional gas shale, a natural gas from shale formations, is not new to explorers. The continuous accumulation of tight and low permeable shale acts as both a source and a reservoir for the natural gas shale formations with certain characteristics and under certain conditions produce shale gas. The gas produced by shale is stored within the pore spaces or fractures in the rock itself which does not allow gas to flow easily through it. This led pioneers to traditionally focus on limestone and sandstone which have high permeability. TECHNOLOGY SHALE GAS
2.
3. Eventually today, coal fire power is again on the declining state, ports for liquefied natural gas are idling below capacity and the nation is awash with gas.
4. It resulted in threat of carbon regulations that curbed industry's appetite for coal. Then there came to boom to the industry that again rose the natural gas production.
5. The technology based corporate like USA and China discovered the essence of Shale and today, they are very effectively using shale gas as natural gas, which is very beneficial economically.
6. The dramatic emergence of shale gas in US, produced gas in excess. This sharply reduced the US price of natural gas by 75% from its peak in mid-2008. The share of shale gas in US gas production has raised from 0 to 8%. A deposit, the Barnett shale in Texas produced 1.1 trillion cubic feet of gas in 2008 and other deposits could be as productive. TECHNOLOGY SHALE GAS
19. Low PeShale gas, simply a natural gas, produced from shale formation which typically acts as both the reservoir and the source for the natural gas TECHNOLOGY SHALE GAS
20. Shale RevolutionCharacteristics Existing Technologies Natural Gas References Natural Gas And Shale Gas :- Natural Gas is a combustible mixture of hydrocarbon gas, that is primarily formed of methane, and also include ethane, propane, butane and pentane. When burnt, it gives off a great deal of energy. Unlike other fossil fuels, it emits lower levels of potentially harmful byproducts in the air. Natural Gas is Colorless, Shapeless and Odorless in its pure form . The composition of Natural Gas can vary wide, but below is a chart outlining the typical makeup of Natural Gas before it is refined. TECHNOLOGY SHALE GAS
21.
22. Industry and production – In industrial sector, the use of natural gas is divided between production and energy. Anti freeze and plastic are made using natural gas. Natural gas I food processing industries is basically used to power up their plants but petroleum refining and waste treatment are big consumers of natural gas.
23. Residential uses – Many home appliances including furnaces, barbecues, fireplace logs, pool and spa heaters and fire pits run on natural gas home includes residential heating 51% of American homes choose natural gas as the main source of heat. Natural gas air conditioning is not popular as an electrical alternative, but it does exist. TECHNOLOGY SHALE GAS
24. Shale RevolutionCharacteristics Existing Technologies Natural Gas References Natural Gas Use By Sector In Vehicles : TECHNOLOGY SHALE GAS
25. Existing Technologies / Methodologies for Extraction : Shale RevolutionCharacteristics Existing Technologies Natural Gas References In 1990, the pioneers introduced a new technology. Due to low permeability, (most have a matrix permeability of 10-4-10-8 mD) a tight shale deposit could be cracked by injecting water at high pressure. On stopping the water injection the pores closed again. This led engineers pump water mixed with sand. The sand being kept permeable the cracks partially opens on stopping the water injection thus leading to the increase in gas flow. Vertical drilling into a deposit of 20 meters can yield only to a production zone of 20 meters. Older shale gas wells were vertical while more recent wells are primarily horizontal older shale gas wells werevertical while more recent were are primarily horizontal and therefore new techniques have facilitated horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Regardless of the said permeability of the reservoir rock, the rock can be damaged by the drilling machine when a well is to be drilled out of the reservoir rock, casing of that particular region is set and cemented. Damage of these rocks mainly occurs is the drilling process and complete fluid leaks into the reservoir and plug up the pores and pore throats due to which its permeability decreases .when the pores of these reservoirs rocks are plugged, the permeability is Reduced and the fluid flow in this damaged portion of the reservoir may substantially reduce. Due to the above reason the damage can be severe in naturally fractured reservoir like coal seams. Hydraulic fracturing is the process of pumping a fluid into a wellbore with very high injection rate for the formation to be accepted in a radial flow pattern. . TECHNOLOGY SHALE GAS
31. Thanks to the advancements in drilling technology, including horizontal drilling and effective rock fracturing that supported the producers at last unlock the vast reservoir of gas trapped underground in impermeable strata of shale TECHNOLOGY SHALE GAS
32. Types of shale : Shale RevolutionCharacteristics Existing Technologies Natural Gas References TECHNOLOGY SHALE GAS
33. The Kajrahat Formation : Black shale : The oldest black shale, located in the lower part of the Kajrahat Formation, is up to 12.5m thick. The youngest black shale unit, the Bijaigarh Shale, is up to 70 m hick, which occurs sandwiched between the Lower and Upper Kaimur sandstone. From the Prior petrographic studies, it has been observed that of the three shale units, the black shale interval in the Kajrahat Formation probably has the most compelling indications of microbial mat formation at the sediment surface. Features like thin carbonaceous fragments that apparently have been contorted, folded, and rolled up during transport point to the presence of cohesive carbonaceous films. This cohesive nature is consistent with microbial surface binding. The basal contacts of some of the black shale beds with underlying gray shale show inclined carbonaceous lamina and clay drapes suggestive of False cross-lamination (produced when the lateral expansion of a mat through time is intermittently interrupted by pulses of sediment. In addition, some samples of the Kajrahat Formation black shale show even parallel lamina that reflect physical sedimentation, such as settling and current reworking. Thus, microbial mat colonization appears to have been intermittent and/or spatially limited and prone to interruption when sedimentation rates were too high or sedimentation pulses persisted for longer time periods. The lamina style itself bears strong resemblance to wavy-crinkly lamina observed in other occurrences of Proterozoic carbonaceous shale that have been studied in some depth for microbial mat features. Shale RevolutionCharacteristics Existing Technologies Natural Gas References Types of Shale : TECHNOLOGY SHALE GAS
34. Shale RevolutionCharacteristics Existing Technologies Natural Gas References The Rampur Shale : The Rampur Shale at the mid-level of the Vindhyan Super group, containing abundant evidence of intermittent erosion of unconsolidated mud, occurs at the base of the Rohtas Limestone and is up to 55 m thick. Many thin sections show a wavy lenticular fabric that on first glance closely resembles microbial mat laminated carbonaceous shale from the Belt Basin. However, what initially appears as wavy clay drapes that separate carbonaceous salty lamina looks upon closer inspection like stacked up clay-rich fragments that were soft when deposited and were squeezed together when compacted. This impression is reinforced when a cut parallel to lamination is made. If a laminated shale is cut parallel to bedding, multiple lamina are intercepted because of slight irregularities and when ground this surface shows a pattern that resembles the isoclines of a topo graphic map. In contrast, when wavy lenticular laminated Rampur Shale specimens are ground parallel to lamination we see a surface that is strewn with shale particles. At higher magnification one sees that the shale does indeed consist of discrete shale particles and that these fragments are compacted and deformed. In plain view the irregular shaped shale particles are clearly visible at higher magnification other samples show layers of gray shale with irregular carbonaceous fragments that are up to 10 millimeters in size. In thin section these fragments are quite thin (0.1-0.2 mm) and may show deformation and folded over portions). This mechanical behavior suggests a within-fragment cohesiveness that one should not expect if this material originated as a simple mixture of clays, silt, and organic matter. Such behavior is however, consistent with binding by microbial surface films. Intervals of the Rampur Shale that contain these fragments also show wavy anatomizing carbonaceous lamina interspersed with clay drapes. In close-up view these bear striking resemblance to the lamina pattern in other examples of Proterozoic carbonaceous shale of microbial mat origin. In the Rampur Shale indications of surface binding by microbial mats appear to be less abundant than in the Kajrahat Formation black shale interval. The abundance of Rampur shale that consist of compacted shale fragments Suggests an overall more energetic environment when compared to black shale in the Kajrahat formation. TECHNOLOGY SHALE GAS
35. Shale RevolutionCharacteristics Existing Technologies Natural Gas References The Bijaigarh Shale: The Bijaigarh Shale shows the discrete flattened shale particles in cuts perpendicular to bedding, and fragment strewn Surfaces in cuts parallel to bedding. Its features indicate the erosion of a mud substrate by strong currents.The majority of thin sections from the upper third of the Bijaigarh shale show features that closely resemble those observed in microbial mat laminated Proterozoic black shale, whereas, many thin sections are either entirely characterized by wavy crinkly anastomosing carbonaceous lamina that alternate with clay drapes of variable thickness and continuity, or show carbonaceous layers of this type interspersed with beds of non-laminated shale. These shale beds are texturally comparable to microbial mat-produced Proterozoic black shale. The prior petro graphic observations indicates the presence of cohesive carbonaceous surface films, suggesting microbial mat binding of the mud surface. The reflected light and SEM studies of polished sections of Bijaigarh Shale from the upper third of the unit also show that fine crystalline early digenetic pyrite is largely confined to carbonaceous lamina and displays a wavy anatomizing texture as well . This has also been observed in the pyritic faces of microbial mat shale from the Middle Proterozoic Belt Basin. This faces of the Bijaigarh Shale also contains abundant clusters of phosphatic spheres that seem to fill in and accrete around original spherical structures of a few microns diameter.In places multiple spheres are encased in a single phosphatic overgrowth. In the lower two thirds of the Bijaigarh Shale, wavy anatomizing laminated carbonaceous shale seem absent. This portion of the succession is instead dominated by massive to evenly laminated carbonaceous shale that closely resembles their physically deposited Phanerozoic counterparts. That microbial mat can have an important impact on the preservation and modification of siliciclastic sediment surfaces Is increasingly being recognized. In the absence of grazing metazoans many Precambrian sediment surfaces, including Muddy substrates, were probably covered with microbial mats and biofilms when a favorable balance existed between Sedimentation rate, availability of moisture, and an energy source. Yet, whereas microbial mats were a major producer of biomass in the Precambrian, not all carbonaceous shale of that age necessarily represent in situ microbial mats. Although there are indications for microbial mat colonization of mud surfaces in all of the three carbonaceous shale pictured here, there is also evidence in all instances of shale faces that either mimic microbial mat style lamination or are evenly laminated and quite comparable to Phanerozoic non- mat carbonaceous shale. TECHNOLOGY SHALE GAS
36. References Liu Honglin, Wang Hongyan, Liu Renhe, Zhaoqun,Lin Yingji , 2009 International coal bed and shale gas symposium, Shale gas in China : New Important Role of Energy of role in 21st century Modern shale gas Development in the US ,A Primer , April 2009 , US Department of Energy, Ground Water Protection council , National Energy Technology Laboratory Strategic Centre for Natural Gas and Oil. J Schieber , S Sur & S Banerjee , 2007, 7(e) Benthic microbial mats in black shale units from the Vndhyan Supergroup , Middle Proterozoic of India: The challenges of recognizing the genuine article. Evaluation of Impacts of Underground Sources of Drinking Water by Hydraulic Fracturing of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs, APP . A-23 , June 2004 , Appendix A, Department of Energy – Hydraulic Fracturing White paper Mike P. Jackson , October 2007 , The Future of Natural Gas in India : A study of major Consuming Sector. Shale Revolution (editorial) Nature460, 551-552 (30 July 2009) | doi:10.1038/460551b; Published online 29 July 2009 Total Energy Consumed in the US – 2007 , EIA – Annual Energy Outlook 2009 J. Daniel Arther , SPE, Brian Bohm & Davd Cornue,2009 , Environmental Considerations of Modern Shale Gas Development. Rick Lewis , David Ingraham , Marc Pearcy,2004 , New Revolution Techniques for Gas Shale Reservoirs , Reservoir Symposium 2004 Swaminathan S Anklesaria Aiyar (article), Shale Gas: Could it be a new energy source? , 9th August 2009 , Times Of India Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas , Government of India , http://petroleum.nic.in/conserv.htm Shale RevolutionCharacteristics Existing Technologies Natural Gas References Types of Shale : TECHNOLOGY SHALE GAS