Shale gas refers to natural gas that is trapped within shale formations. Shales are fine-grained sedimentary rocks that can be rich sources of petroleum and natural gas.

2. SHALE GAS
A PROMISING ENERGY SOURCE

3. SOURCES OF ENERGY
 Non – Renewable Sources –
 COAL
 FOSSIL FUELS
 NATURAL GAS
 PETROLEUM ,etc.
o Renewable Sources
 Solar
 Wind
 Electricity
 Geothermal
 Tidal
 Nuclear
 ?

4. WHAT IS SHALE ?
 Sedimentary Rock.
 Fine Grained.
 Mixture of flakes of clay minerals and tiny
fragments of other minerals.

5. WHAT IS SHALE GAS ?
 Natural Gas
 Trapped within shale formations.
 Found 2000 – 7000 feet deep below sea level .
 Confined in fractures within the shale itself.

6. EXTRACTION OF SHALE GAS
 Shale containing natural gas is generally
sandwiched between two thick,black fine – grained
shale deposits.
 Continued pressure from burial, forces most of the
natural gas to migrate from the organic shales into
more porous and permeable rock such as
sandstone and limestone forming conventional
reservoirs.
 The natural gas remaining in the shales is termed
shale gas.

7. METHOD OF SHALE GAS EXTRACTION.
 Hydraulic Fracking.-The process of breaking apart
layers of shale by horizontal pumping liquids and a
number of chemical additives under high pressure
thereby releasing trapped gas reserves.

9. CHALLENGES IN EXTRACTION
 Water Contamination - Occurs through SPILLING via
the surface route or by LEAKAGE of fluids through the
rock formations
 Induced Seismicity – This method of extraction causes
millions of very small and localised Seismic events when
the fractures are produced in a shale.
 Greenhouse Gas Emissions – Methane (CH4) ,the
main component of Natural Gas may act as a potent
Greenhouse Gas
 Water Demands – Large Amounts of water is used in
hydraulic fracking even though it dosent affect the total
quantity of usable water (FOR NOW)
 Economy – Production of the tools and machinery
needed for extraction can be very expensive

10. PRESENCE OF SHALE GAS AROUND
THE WORLD.

11. COUNTRIES WITH MAXIMUM RECOVERABLE
SHALE GAS
 (Based On The Data By Energy Information
Admininstration)

12. SHALE GAS AND INDIA

13. SHALE GAS PRESENCE IN INDIA

15.  Major regions of availability are The Cambay,
Godavari, Cauvery.
 Jambusar located in Gujarat is India’s first shale
gas exploratory drilled by ONGC in 2013.

17. BENEFITS
 Natural gas is the cleanest of all fossil fuels.
-Can reduce emissions of
pollutants in the air
 The main products of natural gas combustion are
carbon dioxide and water vapour.
-CO2 is a less potent pollutant
o Natural gas does not contribute much to smog.
-Emits low levels of nitrous oxide
and almost no particulate matter
 Can be used to fuel vehicles
-cut down on emissions from
gasoline and diesel.

18. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
-GROUND WATER EFFECTS
 Chemicals are added to water to aide in fracturing
the rock.
-goes on to add to the ground water.
o Takes 2 to 4 million gallons of water to drill and
fracture a horizontal shale gas well.
-only 1% to 8% total water use

19. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Wildlife Impacts
 Gas development can adversely affect animal habitat
and wildlife.
-They can drill underneath
areas like wetlands to reduce wildlife disturbances.
Community Effects
o Damage to roads
o Traffic congestion
o Noise
o Dust

20. ENERGY TRADING:
In its simplest terms, “energy trading and marketing”
is the buying, selling and moving of bulk energy
(electricity and natural gas) from where it is produced
to where it is needed.
Wholesale electricity and natural gas are traded as
commodities, much like corn or copper and other
minerals.

21. TRADING OF SHALE GAS
 Shale gas imports from the US are expected to
be a cost-effective fuel source for fertilizer and
power producers.
 Shale gas imports will be from the two blocks in
which India’s state-owned GAIL (India) Ltd
recently acquired—Eagle Ford and Dominion
Cove—and once the imports start, will bring in six
million tonnes a year.

22. Presented by:
Kiran Shastry
Prithwiraj Dasgupta
Harshit Kumar
Soumya Nigam
Mili Agrawall