IN THIS FINAL REPORT I HAVE REPORTED HOW THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE OCCURS AND REDUCE IT BY NANOTECHNOLOGY SUBJECT:PHY 1901 INTRODUCTION TO INNOVATIVE PROJECTS IN THIS I HAVE WORKED FOR 3 MONTHS FOR THIS PROJECT

1. NAL REPORT
1)Jeevan Prakash H A
–20BRS1259

2. PHY1901 - Introduction to Innovative Projects

3. Introduction to Innovative Projects
A project report submitted to
Dr. PUNITHAVELAN
SCHOOL OF ADVANCED SCIENCE
in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the course of
PHY1901 - Introduction to Innovative Projects
In
B. Tech School of Computer Science and Engineering
Kelambakkam - Vandalur Rd, Rajan Nagar,
Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600127

4. TITLE OF THE PROJECT
Nanomaterials that Could fight environmental
Change and Reduce Pollution by converting it in sustainable way
Or Alternative Way
BY
JEEVAN PRAKASH HA-20BRS1259

5. BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report entitled “Nanomaterials that Could fight
environmental Change and Reduce Pollution by converting it in sustainable way
Or Alternative Way” has Bonafede worker JEEVAN PRAKASH HA 20BRS1259
who carried out the Project work for PHY1901 - Introduction to Innovative Projects
.
Dr. PUNITHAVELAN
Assistant Professor
School of Advanced Science,
VIT University, Chennai
Chennai –600 127.

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to our project guide, Dr. PUNITHAVELAN N,
Associate Professor, School of Advanced Science, for her consistent encouragement and valuable guidance
offered to us in a pleasant manner throughout the course of the project work.
We are extremely grateful to Dr. JAGADEESH KANNAN R, Dean of School of Computer Science and
Engineering, VIT Chennai, for extending the facilities of the School towards our project and for his unstinting
support.
We express our thanks to our Head of the Department Dr. REKHA D for his support throughout the course of this
project.
We also take this opportunity to thank all the faculty of the School for their support and their wisdom imparted to
us throughout the course.
We thank our parents, family, and friends for bearing with us throughout the course of our project and for the
opportunity they provided us in undergoing this course in such a prestigious institution.
JEEVAN PRAKASH HA JEEVAN
NAME SIGN

7. CONTENTS
1. REVIEW 1 – INTRODUCTION
2. REVIEW 2 – CHEMICAL AND SCIENTIFIC METHODS TO REDUCE POLLUTION
3. REVIEW 3 – SIMPLE AND ALTERNATIVE WAYS TO REDUCE POLLUTION
4. REVIEW 4 – RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN NANOTECHNOLOGY AND RISK AND BENEFITS

8. Abstract
Environmental nanotechnology is considered to play an important role in
the shaping and effective solutions to a huge range of environmental
science and engineering. Environmental nanotechnology applications
address the advancement solutions to the existing environmental
problems. Rapid expansion of nanotechnology has gained a great interest
in the applications of nonmaterial in systems improvement as well as
enhances efficiencies of monitoring devices, renewable energy
production and remediation of environmental pollution. This project
provides comprehensive information regarding the role of
nanotechnology on the ongoing research on environmental remediation
and its implications caused by nanotechnology and also to know the
basic methods to reduce pollution and awareness to reduce pollution

9. INTRODUCTION
Nanotechnology according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International is defined
as a term referring to a wide range of technologies that measure, manipulate, or incorporate materials
and/or features with at least one dimension between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers such
applications exploit the properties, distinct from bulk/macroscopic systems, of nanoscale components.
Owing to the manipulation of the properties and materials the field offers, Nanotechnology is considered
21st century industrial revolution. The term was initiated with an idea of Richard Feynman and is
understood as a technology at nanoscale. With its multidisciplinary nature the field encompasses
production and development of materials at atomic and molecular scales and their integration into large
nanostructures. The resulting nanomaterials show different properties from their bulk counterpart which
can be tailored as well due to their small size and high surface to volume ratio
The power of this small technology can be envisioned by the fact that it not only offers improved
products but has also resulted in better manufacturing and technological processes in almost every field
of life starting from simple house hold products to complex engineered materials (Karkare, 2008). In the
environmental arena nanotechnology has contributed in multiplex ways and has significant impact on its
sustainability. The chapter presents a brief overview of the role of nanotechnology in environment field.

10. 10
Nanomaterials that Could fight environmental
Change and Reduce Pollution by converting it in sustainable way
Or Alternative Way
28-04-2021

11. REVIEW 1

12. INTRODUCTION

13. INTRODUCTION
The list of environmental problems that the world faces may be huge, but some strategies for solving
them are remarkably small.
Nanoscience is the study of the fundamental principles of molecules and structures with at least one dimension
between 1 and 100 nanometers
Nanotechnology has the potential to change our standard of life.
Scientists across the globe are developing nanomaterials that can efficiently use carbon dioxide from the
air, capture toxic pollutants from water and degrade solid waste into useful products.
Nanomaterials could help us mitigate pollution.
They are efficient catalysts and mostly
recyclable. Now, they have to become
economical for commercialization and better to
replace present-day technologies completely
Nanomaterials have been widely studied for removing heavy metals and dyes from wastewater

14. INTRODUCTION
Nanotechnology is also reducing emissions elsewhere in the oil industry: for instance,
molybdenumdisulphide nanocrystals are used as catalysts to remove potentially harmful
sulphur compounds from crude oil
INTRODUCTION
Nanotechnology is also reducing emissions elsewhere in the oil industry: for instance, molybdenum
disulphide nanocrystals are used as catalysts to remove potentially harmful Sulphur compounds from
crude oil
Solutions in responding to climate change, namely nanotechnology, ocean energy and forestry
For example, larger more efficient wind turbines are only possible today because carbon
nanotubes are used in their blades, which reduce weight and increase tensile strength
allowing them to be made larger and break under their own weight.

15. Climate Change
Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define
Earth’s local, regional and global climates. These changes have a broad range of observed effects.
Scientists use observations from the ground, air and space,
along with theoretical models, to monitor and study past,
present and future climate change
Earth’s climate has constantly been changing even
long before humans came into the picture
When the whole Earth’s temperature changes by one
or two degrees, that change can have big impacts on
the health of Earth's plants and animals, too.
As the earth’s atmosphere heats up, it collects, retains, and drops more water, changing
weather patterns and making wet areas wetter and dry areas drier. Higher temperatures worsen
and increase the frequency of many types of disasters, including storms, floods, heat waves,
and droughts

16. CAUSES

17. All those gases are in the air, and when sunlight gets into the earth’s atmosphere, some of the heat gets
trapped, and the planet gets warmer That’s why they call it the “Greenhouse Effect”
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
The quantity of greenhouse gases is increasing as fossil fuels are
burned, releasing the gases and other air pollutants into the atmosphere
INTRESTING FACT:
Without the greenhouse effect the Earth's average global temperature would be much colder and life on Earth as
we know it would be impossible.
Greenhouse gases include water vapor, CO2, methane, nitrous oxide
(N2O) and other gases. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse
gases turn like a blanket, gripping Infra-Red radiation and preventing it
from escaping into outer space
The ability of certain gases, greenhouse gases, to be transparent
to inbound visible light from the sun, yet opaque to the energy
radiated from the earth is one of the best still events in the
atmospheric sciences

18. Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth’s climate system observed since the pre-industrial
period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which
increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere
GLOBAL WARMING
The pre-industrial period, human activities are estimated
to have increased Earth’s global average temperature by
about 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit), a
number that is currently increasing by 0.2 degrees Celsius
(0.36 degrees Fahrenheit) per decade
The WHO(World Health Organization) says that after 2100 the
Earths temperature is 2 It is ok and earth can be stable but the
Earth’s temperature will rise to 1.5 within 2030 so It’s a difficult
job to perform.

19. Water bodies like lake, river, ocean and ground water get contaminated due to discharge of pollutants in the water
bodies without any treatment to remove harmful compounds.
Water pollution adversely affects not only aquatic plants and animals but it also affects human beings and
ecosystems.
Causes of Water Pollution
Water pollution is caused due to several reasons. The few major causes of water pollution:
Sewage And Waste Water: Sewage, garbage and liquid waste of households, agricultural
lands and factories are discharged into lakes and rivers.
Dumping: Dumping of solid wastes and litters in water bodies causes huge problems. Litters
include glass, plastic, aluminum etc. Different things take different amount of time to degrade
in water. They affect aquatic plants and animals.
Industrial Waste: Industrial waste contains pollutants like asbestos, lead, mercury and
petrochemicals which are extremely harmful to both people and environment. Industrial waste
is discharged into lakes and rivers by using fresh water making the water contaminated.
Water pollution

20. Oil Pollution: Sea water gets polluted due to oil spilled from ships and tankers while
traveling. The spilled oil does not dissolve in water and forms a thick sludge polluting
the water.
Acid Rain: Acid rain is pollution of water caused by air
pollution. When the acidic particles caused by air pollution
in the atmosphere mix with water vapor, it results in acid rain.
Global Warming: Due to global warming, there is an
increase in water temperature. This increase in temperature
results in death of aquatic plants and animals. This also
results in bleaching of coral reefs in water.
Eutrophication: Eutrophication is an increased level of nutrients in
water bodies. This results in bloom of algae in water. It also depletes the oxygen in
water, which negatively affects fish and other aquatic animal population.

21. SOLUTION

22. 2 ways to stop CLIMATE CHANGE
REDUCE
ALTERNATIVE
01
02
Nanotechnology also helps in
manufacturing eco-friendly
materials by replacing currently
used toxic materials so that the
industries and others can be
reduced
By methods in order to
reduce green house
gas in air

23. HARVESTING CO2
The way is that is nanoCO2 harvesters that can suck atmospheric carbon dioxide and deploy it
for industrial purposes.
Nanomaterials can convert carbon dioxide into useful products
like alcohol. The materials could be simple chemical catalysts or
photochemical in nature that work in the presence of sunlight.
A nanoCO2 harvester that uses water and sunlight to convert
atmospheric CO2 into methanol, which can be employed as an
engine fuel, a solvent, an antifreeze agent and a diluent of
ethanol
The efficiency of such materials can be improved further, providing hope for useful
application in the future.
Due to their small size, the nanoparticles have a tendency
to clump up, making them inactive with prolonged use

24. A new, highly permeable carbon capture membrane developed by scientists from the U.S.
It could lead to more efficient ways of separating carbon
dioxide from power plant exhaust, preventing the greenhouse
gas from entering the atmosphere and contributing to climate
change
NANO SPONGES
The researchers focused on a hybrid membrane that is part
polymer and part metal-organic framework, which is a porous
three-dimensional crystal with a large internal surface area
that can absorb enormous quantities of molecules.
This is the first hybrid polymer-MOF membrane to have
these dual transport pathways, and it could be a big step
toward more competitive carbon capture processes

25. Novel graphene-based nanomaterials
There are many more methods like
Biocatalytic nanoparticle membrane contactor
for CO2 removal
TiO2 functionalized biocatalytic nanoparticle and
membrane
ALERNATIVE WAYS LIKE:
Forests and agricultural lands
Demonstration of underground carbon dioxide storage
Fuel Gems
Clime works

26. PLAN OF
ACTION

27. PLAN OF ACTION
Studying and acquiring deep knowledge about nano particles and their
uses reducing global warming.
Doing simulation and analyze the cause and effect of them

29. INTRODUCTION AND
TOPICS

30. We need renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, ocean, thermal and tidal to avoid emission
of greenhouse gases causing impact on climate change. Technologies are important to make renewable energy
sources.
Nanotechnology is a tool to develop new technology based on cost-effective and cost-efficient thus contributing
to a sustainable economic growth. The properties of nanotechnology for the energy conversion, storage,
transmission use new approaches with the development of nanoscale materials with new chemical and physical
properties, as well as methods for manipulating, assembling and characterizing has created new platform for the
energy generation world.
Germany researchers fabricated an ultra-thin nanoscale polymer film that filters out CO2 with unmatched
results. This high permeance is attributable to the CO2-philic material, which is only a few tens of nanometers
thick. Researchers say the material could be used to treat large gas streams under low pressure, such as CO2
capture from flue gases in coal-fired power plants.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) also represent a hazard to air quality, contributing to smog and high ozone
levels. VOCs may also cause soil pollution or groundwater pollution as they permeate underground when
released into soil. Japanese researchers have discovered a way to remove VOCs as well as sulfur and nitrogen
oxides from the air at surrounding temperature. The factors that emits VOC are Drying facilities, spray painting
facilities, cleaning facilities and storage tanks for chemical product manufacture painting, adhesion and printing.
VOCs

31. In the water, You find the top three VOCs.
Trihalomethane- It is the most commonly a disinfection byproduct.
PCEs-It is a byproduct of solvents, solvents used for cleaning, solvents used for diluting and breaking down inks
MTBE-it's a gasoline additive. When they stopped allowing lead to be used with
gasoline they started using MTBEs quite extensively.
In city and groundwater they are 23 VOCs. If it rises maximum level steps should
be taken. We can test it by send samples of the water to certified laboratory.
Waterborne VOCs have no smell, Taste and colour. Carbon has properties that do
a great at grabbing a hold of a carbon-based VOCs So, a carbon filter is what you
want is as a defense mechanism for the VOCs.
Reverse osmosis systems will take out VOCs but only if they have a carbon
pre-filter or post filter. The VOC actually will go through a membrane just like
oxygen will. It'll pass through the membrane. So, the reverse osmosis membrane will not reduce VOCs but the carbon that’s
usually, or pretty much always involved with a reverse osmosis system that gets the VOCs and if by chance anything gets past
the pre-filter, the post-filter will get it.

32. METHODS

33. Nanotechnology is contributing towards indoor air quality. Samsung Electronics has launched new nano e-
HEPA (for electric high efficiency particulate arrest) filtration system. The eliminate undesirable odours and kill
airborne health threats. It uses a metal dust filter that has been coated with 8 nm silver particles.
Donaldson Filtration Systems uses ultra-web nanofiber media from a layer of nanofibers that encourage dust
particles to rapidly accumulate on the filter surface building a thin, permeable dust-stopping filter cake. Ultra
Web cleans the air better by filtering even submicron contaminants. This filter has an efficiency of 0.3 micron
filtrate and eliminates larger particles by capturing them on the surface of the media.
An ultra-thin nanoscale polymer film that filters out CO2 with unmatched results. This high permeance is
attributable to the CO2-philic material, which is only a few tens of nanometers thick.
The material could be used to treat large gas streams under low pressure, such as CO2
capture from flue gases in coal-fired power plants.
Mesoporous manganese oxide (γ-MnO2) was deposited with gold nanoparticles by vacuum-UV-assisted laser
ablation, resulting in very strong metal–support interactions. The composite was found to remove a wide range
of volatile organic compounds (and NOx and SO2) from air as well as catalyze their decomposition.
AIR PURIFICATION THROUGH NANOTECHNOLOGY

34. Indoor air pollution has recently become a major concern due to its direct effects on human. Among the indoor air
pollutants are VOCs which are believed to be the main cause of increasing childhood asthma, hypersensitivity as well
as other series of symptoms, such as headache, nausea lung cancer etc.
The most abundant airborne carbonyl chemical is formaldehyde (HCHO). Methods are used for the removal of
formaldehyde, including decomposition by which photocatalysts and physical adsorption by porous materials are used,
as well as chemical adsorption which is considered as one of the effective methods where the re-emission is excluded
due to strong chemical bonding.
Air filtration technology using antimicrobial materials such as silver , copper
nanoparticles, CNTs, and natural products is the most applied and effective technique
to remove bioaerosols through ventilation processes. Several studies have exposed
that silver nanoparticles can successfully remove bacterial bioaerosols during the air
filtration process.
REMOVAL OF GREEN HOUSE GAS
The three nanoparticles were zinc silica nanogel liquid, copper silica nanogel liquid, and n-acetylcysteiin liquid coated
zinc oxide quantum dots. The researchers collected dairy manure from the dairy research unit of North Dakota State
University. Back in the lab they set up bottles containing the raw manure and one type of nanoparticle, as well as a
control that had raw manure and no nanoparticles. Because the greenhouse gas emissions are produced during
anaerobic digestion, all the oxygen was removed from each bottle before sealing it. Then, the bottle was connected to
a bag where the greenhouse gas produced from the manure could be collected. The scientists collected gas from the
bags every 2 to 14 days for 56 days.

35. SIMULATION AND MODELS
Self-assembled monolayers for water treatment
MEMBRANES

36. WATER POLLUTION TREATMENT THROUGH NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanoparticles can be used to convert the contaminating chemical through a chemical reaction to make it harmless.
Studies have shown that this method can be used successfully to reach contaminates dispersed in underground
ponds and at much lower cost than methods which require pumping the water out of the ground for treatment.
For removal of salt or metals from water, A deionization method using electrodes composed of nano-sized fibers
shows promise for reducing the cost and energy requirements of turning salt water into drinking water.
The standard filters do not work on virus cells. A filter only a few
Nanometers in diameter is currently being developed that should be
capable of removing virus cells from water.
When sheets of two-dimensional nanomaterials like graphene are
stacked on top of each other, tiny gaps form between the sheets that have
a wide variety of potential uses. The team of Brown University researchers has found a way to orient those gaps,
called nanochannels, that makes them more useful for filtering water and other liquids of nanoscale contaminants.
Carbon nanotube membranes have the potential to reduce desalination costs. Nano filters could be used to clean up
ground water or surface water contaminated with chemicals and hazardous substances.

37. Nano scavengers is which a layer of reactive nanoparticles coat a synthetic core which is designed to be easily
magnetized. Example: Silver nanoparticles if bacteria is a problem, attach to or kill the pollutants. Then when a
magnetic field is applied the nano scavengers are removed from the water.
Using nanowire mats to absorb oil spills. Using iron oxide nanoparticles to clean arsenic from water wells.
Using gold tipped carbon nanotube to trap oil drops polluting water. Combining a nanomembrane with solar
power to reduce the cost of desalinating seawater. Using nanoparticles to clean up carbon tetrachloride
pollution in ground water. Adding graphene oxide to sand filters to enhance their ability to remove pollutants
from water.
Using silver chloride nanowires as a photocatalysis to decompose organic molecules in polluted water.
Using an electrified filter composed of silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes and cotton to kill bacteria in water.
Nanoparticles that can absorb radioactive particle polluting ground water. Coating iron nanoparticles allow them
to neutralize dense, hydrophobic solvents polluting ground water. Using antimicrobial nanofibers and activated
carbon in a disposable filter as an inexpensive way to clean contaminated water.
Using graphene oxide to remove radioactive material from water. Researchers found that flakes of graphene
oxide to remove radioactive material from water. The graphene oxide then forms clumps that can be removed
from the water for disposal.

38. Silver coating
Magnetic Core
Contamination
Nano scavengers
Silver Nanoparticles
Simulation

39. Nano sponges
Nano sponge with amino silicon oil and silane coupling agent, which can effectively absorb diesel in water and soil
under various conditions.
Sponge provided a low-cost approach for diesel control and removal, showing great potential in environmental and
agricultural fields.
Diesel leak poses a great threat to the environment due to its contamination to water and soil. It decreases oxygen
concentration in water, affecting the growth of aquatic organisms, which also lowers soil permeability and causes
harmful effects on the growth of plants.

40. Nano sponges in climate change
The researchers focused on a hybrid membrane that is part polymer and part metal-organic framework, which is a
porous three-dimensional crystal with a large internal surface area that can absorb enormous quantities of molecules.
In a first, the scientists engineered the membrane so that carbon dioxide molecules can travel through it via two
distinct channels. Molecules can travel through the polymer component of the membrane, like they do in
conventional gas-separation membranes.

41. Nano sponges
After CO2 enter into nanosponge it will be destroyed or
absorbed
Nanosponges

42. Ways That Nanotechnology Could Combat Climate Change
Nano-coatings - Nanotechnology coatings are a good short-term way of reducing
emissions and maximizing clean energy production. Example: Nano-coatings can be
applied to aircraft, which can make aircraft's smoother, reducing drag and also protect
the materials from the special conditions of the environment where they are used. The
amount of CO2 emitted by an aircraft engine is directly related to the amount of fuel
burned, CO2 can be reduced by making the airplane lighter. Hydrophobic nano-coatings
can also improve the energy produced from solar panels.
Nano-structured Materials - Nanostructured materials, such as aerogels, have the
potential to greatly reduce heat transfer through building elements and assist in
reducing heating loads placed on air-conditioning/heating systems. Aerogel is a nano
porous super-insulating material with extremely low density. Silica aerogel is the lightest
solid material known with excellent thermal insulating properties, high temperature
stability, very low dielectric constant and high surface area.

43. Nano catalysts - Nanotechnology is already applied to improve fuel efficiency by incorporation of nano
catalysts. Enercat, a third generation nano catalyst developed by Energenics, uses the oxygen storing
cerium oxide nanoparticles to promote complete fuel combustion, which helps in reducing fuel
consumption. The company has demonstrated fuel savings of 8%–10% on a mixed fleet of diesel vehicles
in Italy. Reducing friction and improving wear resistance in engine and drive train components is of vital
importance in the automotive sector. Based on the estimates made by a Swedish company Applied Nano
Surfaces, reducing friction can lower the fuel consumption by about 2% and result in cutting down CO2
emissions by 500 million tons per year from trucks and other heavy vehicles in Sweden alone

44. NEXT
REVIEW

45. N E X T R E V I E W I S A B O U T T H E R E P L A C E O F
A L L P O L L U T I N G S U B S TA N C E L I K E F O S S I L
F U E L S I N TO R E N E WA B L E S O U R C E A N D
R E D U C I N G P O L L U T I O N M E T H O D S

47. REPLACE

48. Pollution control is a term used in environmental
management. It means the control of emissions and
effluents into air, water or soil. Without pollution control,
the waste products from consumption, heating,
agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and
other human activities, whether they accumulate or
disperse, will degrade the environment. For this In this
research we have given some important steps in order to
prevent pollution
POLLUTION CONTROL

49. Three major areas of pollution prevention:
Products–products that are less toxic, less polluting, and wear-
resistant;
Processes–processes that are more efficient and waste-reducing;
Energy and Resource Efficiency–processes or products that use less
energy and fewer raw materials because of greater efficiency
National Pollution Control Day-December 2

50. Simulation on pollution through chimneys

51. 1)Replace disposable items with reusable
2)Pass on paper
3)Conserve water & electricity
4)Support local & environmentally friendly
5)Recycle (& then recycle properly)
5 Simple ways to save environmental problems

52. METHODS

53. Follow these Tips Every Day to Reduce Pollution:
Conserve energy - at home, at work, everywhere.
Look for the ENERGY STAR label when buying home or office equipment.
Carpool, use public transportation, bike, or walk whenever possible.
Follow gasoline refueling instructions for efficient vapor recovery, being
careful not to spill fuel and always tightening your gas cap securely.
Consider purchasing portable gasoline containers labeled “spill-proof,”
where available.
Keep car, boat, and other engines properly tuned.
Be sure your tires are properly inflated.
Use environmentally safe paints and cleaning products whenever possible.
Mulch or compost leaves and yard waste.
Consider using gas logs instead of wood.

54. On Days when High Ozone Levels are Expected, Take these Extra
Steps to Reduce Pollution:
Choose a cleaner commute - share a ride to work or use public
transportation.
Combine errands and reduce trips. Walk to errands when possible.
Avoid excessive idling of your automobile.
Refuel your car in the evening when its cooler.
Conserve electricity and set air conditioners no lower than 78
degrees.
Defer lawn and gardening chores that use gasoline-powered
equipment, or wait until evening.

55. On Days when High Particle Levels are
Expected, Take these Extra Steps to Reduce
Pollution:
Reduce the number of trips you take in your car.
Reduce or eliminate fireplace and wood stove
use.
Avoid burning leaves, trash, and other materials.
Avoid using gas-powered lawn and garden
equipment.

56. The best way to improve surface water quality is to prevent pollution at its source.
1) Pick up litter and throw it away in a garbage can.
2) Blow or sweep fertilizer back onto the grass if it gets onto paved areas. Don't put
fertilizer on the grass right before it rains. The chemicals will wash into storm drains and
waterways.
3) Mulch or compost grass or yard waste. Or, leave it in your yard if you can't compost.
Don't blow leaves into the street. This clogs and damages storm drains.
4) Wash your car or outdoor equipment where it can flow to a gravel or grassed area
instead of a street.
5) Don't pour your motor oil down the storm drain. Take it to the nearest auto parts store.
This is free!
6) Never clean up a spill by hosing it into a storm drain. Use dry methods like placing kitty
litter, sand, or another absorbent on the spill. Once the liquid becomes solid - sweep it up
and throw it in a garbage can.
Ways to Prevent Water Pollution

57. Lightweight nano-composite materials - Effort to reduce emissions in vehicles by
reducing their weight , decreasing fuel consumption can have an immediate and
significant global impact. It is estimated that a 10% reduction in weight of the vehicle
corresponds to a 10% reduction in fuel consumption, leading to a proportionate fall in
emissions
Nanomaterials like silica, many tires will in the future be capable of attaining the best
energy rating, the green category. Cars equipped with category A tires consume
approximately 7.5% less fuel than those with tires of the minimum standard of
category G. Residential and commercial buildings contribute to 11% of total greenhouse
gas emissions. Space heating and cooling of residential buildings account for 40% of the
total residential energy use.

58. Batteries - Some could increase the efficiency of electric and hybrid vehicles by
significantly reducing the weight of the batteries. Nanotechnology is positioned to
create significant change across several domains, especially in energy where it may
bring large and possibly sudden performance gains to renewable sources and
Smart Grids. Nanotech enhancements may also increase battery power by orders
of magnitude, allowing intermittent sources such as solar and wind to provide a
larger share of overall electricity supply without sacrificing stability.

59. Renewable energy sources that also contribute to environmental protection by replacing harmful things like fossil fuels
and through technology:
•Solar energy.
•Wind energy.
•Tidal energy.
•Biomass energy

60. Tidal Energy Biomass Energy

61. Renewable energy sources that also contribute to environmental protection by replacing harmful things like fossil fuels
and through technology:
•Solar energy.
•Wind energy.
•Tidal energy.
•Biomass energy

62. NEXT
REVIEW

63. NEXT REVIEW IS ABOUT THE RECENT
ADVANCEMENT IN NANOTECHNOLOGY WITH
RELATED TO ENVIRONMENT

64. RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN NANOTECHNOLOGY WITH
RELATED TO ENVIRONMENT

65. For using nanoparticles for prevention of environment pollution We need to know about the methods of synthesis of
nanoparticles
Chemical methods:
1) Microemulsions
The preparation of metallic nanoparticles in water in oil microemulsion commonly consists of mixing of two
microemulsions containing metal salt and a reducing agent

66. 2) Thermal decomposition
Thermal decomposition also known as thermolysis is a chemical decomposition that is caused by heat. In this
method, the heat is required to break chemical bonds in the compound undergoing decomposition and the
reaction is endothermic. If decomposition is sufficiently exothermic, a positive feedback loop is created producing
thermal runaway
Physical methods
CVD(CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION)
The chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) involves a chemical reaction. CVD procedure is mostly used in
semiconductor manufacturing for depositing thin films of different materials.

67. Engineered nanomaterials being developed for renewable energy capture and battery storage, water
purification, food packaging, environmental sensors and remediation, as well as greener engineering and
manufacturing processes.
Examples of the latter include highly efficient, low energy lighting sources, and smart clothing including a layer
of piezo-electric crystals in nanomaterials for powering the wearer’s electronic devices.
BENEFITS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENT
Nanotechnology include improved manufacturing methods, water purification systems, energy systems,
physical enhancement, nanomedicine, better food production methods, nutrition and large-scale
infrastructure auto-fabrication.
As applications of nanotechnology develop over time, they have the potential to help shrink the human
footprint on the environment. This is important, because over the next 50 years the world’s population
is expected to grow 50%, global economic activity is expected to grow 500%, and global energy and
materials use is expected to grow 300% (World Resources Institute, 2000).
Increased levels of production and consumption have offset our gains in cleaner and more-efficient
technologies.
This has been true for municipal waste generation, as well as for environmental impacts associated
with vehicle travel, groundwater pollution, and agricultural runoff

68. RISKS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENT
1.Nanotechnology can cause a brutal risk in the field of terrorism. The terrorism and anti groups can
make use of nanotechnology as a new form of torturing the communities as nanotechnology also has
the capability of destructing the human body at the molecular level. Disadvantages of Nanotechnology
related to Privacy: Privacy is the other potential risk involved with Nanotechnology. As Nanotechnology
deals with the designing of compact and minute devices, there are chances for more eavesdropping
than that already exists.
2. Nanotech devices and machines have taken place of human to work faster and accurately which
has lessen the importance of men power in the field of practical work. Nanotechnology has
increased risk to the health also , nanoparticles due to there their small size can cause inhalation
problem and many other fatal diseases. by just inhaling for 60 seconds in the air contain nano particles
can damage lungs easily.

70. REFERENCES

71. https://www.asee.org/documents/sections/2012/Midwest/ASEE_Midwest_2012_Asmatulu_Effects_of.pdf
https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/columnists/nanotechnology-climate-change-and-pollution.html
https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2016/08/03/nano-listicle/
https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-Nanosponges.aspx
Environmental Nanotechnology by M. H. Fulekar, Bhawana Pathak
Climate Change_ Causes Effects and Solutions
https://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology-and-the-environment.php
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340862586_APPLICATION_OF_NANOTECHNOLOGY_IN_MONITORING_
AND_CONTROL_OF_POLLUTION
https://www.edfenergy.com/for-home/energywise/renewable-energy-
sources

72. Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at a molecular scale
obtained through the finely controlled manipulation of matter on atomic, molecular,
and supramolecular scales. The earliest description referred to the so-called
molecular nanotechnology, which involves precisely manipulating atomic molecules
to fabricate macroscale products. Subsequently, the National Nanotechnology
Initiative formally established a given size threshold for the matter manipulated:
from 1 to 100 nm2. Because of the atomic size of the matter and the possibility of
exponential growth as a field, nanotechnology has generated a new industrial
revolution, progressing from passive nanostructures to productive nano systems so
that we need to analyze the risk of nanotechnology and act according to that so In
order to reduce pollution Nanotechnology is the best method
CONCLUSION AND RESULT

73. THANK YOU