The document discusses technologies, places, and business models for open design. It begins by describing various digital fabrication technologies like 3D printing, laser cutting, and CNC milling. It then discusses makerspaces, hacker spaces, and fab labs as places where open design projects can be made. Finally, it explores potential business models for open design like crowdfunding, selling services, and dual licensing of open and proprietary designs and software. The overall focus is on how designers can engage with both open technologies and business opportunities.
Open P2P Design brings open source and peer-to-peer dynamics inside a community-centered design process, in order to have real co-design projects with people and their communities. We can use Open P2P Design for co-designing Open Design processes or commercial or public services with open and peer-to-peer dynamics, starting from communities and involving them inside the design process. We can also use it for analyzing an existing business and opening to collaboration some of its activities, or design new ones in order to start a collaboration with a community of users.
http://dmy-berlin.com/en/festival/2011-2/makerlab/
Open P2P Design brings open source and peer-to-peer dynamics inside a community-centered design process, in order to have real co-design projects with people and their communities. We can use Open P2P Design for co-designing Open Design processes or commercial or public services with open and peer-to-peer dynamics, starting from communities and involving them inside the design process. We can also use it for analyzing an existing business and opening to collaboration some of its activities, or design new ones in order to start a collaboration with a community of users.
http://dmy-berlin.com/en/festival/2011-2/makerlab/
Process, Community, Business: the systems behind Open Design - Barcelona 06.0...Massimo Menichinelli
http://fad.cat/congres/en/
http://fad.cat/congres/en/?p=1167
After more than 10 years of development, Open Design is no longer an underground hypothesis, but a real strategy that designers, companies and design institutions are increasingly embracing. Even so, many aspects of Open Design still need to be developed, tested and defined, making the future of Open Design still open.
This openness is what is making Open Design very promising, a global concept with local and distributed adaptations: not only Open Design projects can be modified and customized, but the same processes and systems behind such projects can be designed and modified in order to fit the specific needs of each locality. There is no single format, business model, system or organization model for Open Design at the moment, and this fact lets Open Design to be adopted and used in a different way in each locality. Designers are increasingly focusing on the systems that enable Open Design projects, which can be designed and developed with design tools and processes and tools and processes from other fields by working on the metadesign level.
How can we organize Open Design initiatives? What are the processes behind Open Design? How can we understand the participation of a community in an Open Design project? What about the business models of Open Design?
Digital Fabrication Studio.04_LaserCutting @ Aalto Media FactoryMassimo Menichinelli
DIGITAL FABRICATION STUDIO (25438)
The course provides a general understanding on how to design and manufacture products and prototypes in a Fab Lab, using digital fabrication technologies and understanding their features and limits.
Students will learn how information shapes design, manufacturing and collaboration processes and artifacts in a Fab Lab. They will learn how to digitally fabricate a project or how to digitally modify an existing project; students will also learn how to manage, embed and retrieve information about a project. Projects and prototypes developed and manufactured in this course will not be interactive.
The course consists of lectures and a group project to be digitally fabricated, be it a project already designed but not yet realized or be it the modification of an existing project. Every lecture (3 hours) includes time for testing the technologies covered (1 hour) and for developing part of the group project and for receiving feedback about it (1 hour).
http://mlab.taik.fi/studies/courses/course?id=1963
Digital Fabrication Studio.05 _CNC_Milling.Molding.Casting @ Aalto Media FactoryMassimo Menichinelli
DIGITAL FABRICATION STUDIO (25438)
The course provides a general understanding on how to design and manufacture products and prototypes in a Fab Lab, using digital fabrication technologies and understanding their features and limits.
Students will learn how information shapes design, manufacturing and collaboration processes and artifacts in a Fab Lab. They will learn how to digitally fabricate a project or how to digitally modify an existing project; students will also learn how to manage, embed and retrieve information about a project. Projects and prototypes developed and manufactured in this course will not be interactive.
The course consists of lectures and a group project to be digitally fabricated, be it a project already designed but not yet realized or be it the modification of an existing project. Every lecture (3 hours) includes time for testing the technologies covered (1 hour) and for developing part of the group project and for receiving feedback about it (1 hour).
http://mlab.taik.fi/studies/courses/course?id=1963
Digital Fabrication Studio.01 _Fabbing @ Aalto Media FactoryMassimo Menichinelli
DIGITAL FABRICATION STUDIO (25438)
The course provides a general understanding on how to design and manufacture products and prototypes in a Fab Lab, using digital fabrication technologies and understanding their features and limits.
Students will learn how information shapes design, manufacturing and collaboration processes and artifacts in a Fab Lab. They will learn how to digitally fabricate a project or how to digitally modify an existing project; students will also learn how to manage, embed and retrieve information about a project. Projects and prototypes developed and manufactured in this course will not be interactive.
The course consists of lectures and a group project to be digitally fabricated, be it a project already designed but not yet realized or be it the modification of an existing project. Every lecture (3 hours) includes time for testing the technologies covered (1 hour) and for developing part of the group project and for receiving feedback about it (1 hour).
http://mlab.taik.fi/studies/courses/course?id=1963
My presentation for the third day at the Open P2P Design workshop organized with Roger Pitiot at IDAS in Singapore.
http://www.workshop.colab-design.org/
Process, Community, Business: the systems behind Open Design - Barcelona 06.0...Massimo Menichinelli
http://fad.cat/congres/en/
http://fad.cat/congres/en/?p=1167
After more than 10 years of development, Open Design is no longer an underground hypothesis, but a real strategy that designers, companies and design institutions are increasingly embracing. Even so, many aspects of Open Design still need to be developed, tested and defined, making the future of Open Design still open.
This openness is what is making Open Design very promising, a global concept with local and distributed adaptations: not only Open Design projects can be modified and customized, but the same processes and systems behind such projects can be designed and modified in order to fit the specific needs of each locality. There is no single format, business model, system or organization model for Open Design at the moment, and this fact lets Open Design to be adopted and used in a different way in each locality. Designers are increasingly focusing on the systems that enable Open Design projects, which can be designed and developed with design tools and processes and tools and processes from other fields by working on the metadesign level.
How can we organize Open Design initiatives? What are the processes behind Open Design? How can we understand the participation of a community in an Open Design project? What about the business models of Open Design?
Digital Fabrication Studio.04_LaserCutting @ Aalto Media FactoryMassimo Menichinelli
DIGITAL FABRICATION STUDIO (25438)
The course provides a general understanding on how to design and manufacture products and prototypes in a Fab Lab, using digital fabrication technologies and understanding their features and limits.
Students will learn how information shapes design, manufacturing and collaboration processes and artifacts in a Fab Lab. They will learn how to digitally fabricate a project or how to digitally modify an existing project; students will also learn how to manage, embed and retrieve information about a project. Projects and prototypes developed and manufactured in this course will not be interactive.
The course consists of lectures and a group project to be digitally fabricated, be it a project already designed but not yet realized or be it the modification of an existing project. Every lecture (3 hours) includes time for testing the technologies covered (1 hour) and for developing part of the group project and for receiving feedback about it (1 hour).
http://mlab.taik.fi/studies/courses/course?id=1963
Digital Fabrication Studio.05 _CNC_Milling.Molding.Casting @ Aalto Media FactoryMassimo Menichinelli
DIGITAL FABRICATION STUDIO (25438)
The course provides a general understanding on how to design and manufacture products and prototypes in a Fab Lab, using digital fabrication technologies and understanding their features and limits.
Students will learn how information shapes design, manufacturing and collaboration processes and artifacts in a Fab Lab. They will learn how to digitally fabricate a project or how to digitally modify an existing project; students will also learn how to manage, embed and retrieve information about a project. Projects and prototypes developed and manufactured in this course will not be interactive.
The course consists of lectures and a group project to be digitally fabricated, be it a project already designed but not yet realized or be it the modification of an existing project. Every lecture (3 hours) includes time for testing the technologies covered (1 hour) and for developing part of the group project and for receiving feedback about it (1 hour).
http://mlab.taik.fi/studies/courses/course?id=1963
Digital Fabrication Studio.01 _Fabbing @ Aalto Media FactoryMassimo Menichinelli
DIGITAL FABRICATION STUDIO (25438)
The course provides a general understanding on how to design and manufacture products and prototypes in a Fab Lab, using digital fabrication technologies and understanding their features and limits.
Students will learn how information shapes design, manufacturing and collaboration processes and artifacts in a Fab Lab. They will learn how to digitally fabricate a project or how to digitally modify an existing project; students will also learn how to manage, embed and retrieve information about a project. Projects and prototypes developed and manufactured in this course will not be interactive.
The course consists of lectures and a group project to be digitally fabricated, be it a project already designed but not yet realized or be it the modification of an existing project. Every lecture (3 hours) includes time for testing the technologies covered (1 hour) and for developing part of the group project and for receiving feedback about it (1 hour).
http://mlab.taik.fi/studies/courses/course?id=1963
My presentation for the third day at the Open P2P Design workshop organized with Roger Pitiot at IDAS in Singapore.
http://www.workshop.colab-design.org/
NTU Workshop: 03 What Is The Distributed Manufacturing ScenarioMassimo Menichinelli
My presentation for the third day at the Open P2P Design workshop organized with Roger Pitiot at IDAS in Singapore.
http://www.workshop.colab-design.org/
Presentation of the open source BIM collective during the W78 CIB conference in Nice, France 2011.
Featuring BIM tools for sketchup, IfcOpenShell, BIMserver, BIMsurfer, IfcWebServer, UBERviewer.
Matteo Valoriani, Antimo Musone - The Future of Factory - Codemotion Rome 2019Codemotion
In the last 3 years Mixed Reality devices and AI technology have opened the door to an infinite number of new disrupting opportunities, but it is not the only revolution underway. Thanks to the combination of new powerful cloud services, AI and local computation capabilities, we can evolve the traditional industrial applications to enter in Industry 4.0 In this session we will showcase and describe the implementation of an industrial application that uses an offline ONNX Model, trained online on cloud service but deployed locally on dedicated AI chip.
The transformation of business units: all managers and all coders?
From an expert's language to an accessible language for everyone, code is becoming a "super power", able to unlock creativity, disrupt industries and transform our society.
A tool for innovation, prototyping and acceleration par excellence, code has become the secret weapon of the start-up model. As a new language, will code be the grammar 2.0 that all school children should know in order to develop their critical thinking skills in the digital age? As an economic paradigm, code will necessarily shape future firms by transforming them into real organizations of the 21st century : programmable organizations.
OpenY: Scaling and Sharing with Custom Drupal DistributionDrupalCamp Kyiv
The promise of open source technology has always been about the ability to spread and scale. This is exemplified with Drupal distributions. In this session we will examine how we are leveraging open source, Drupal 8 with one of the largest federated non-profit organization in the world, the YMCA. We will focus specifically on a community driven initiative, OpenY, which is a Drupal distribution custom built for YMCAs everywhere. Some specific topics we will go over include:
Leveraging open source software to foster sharing and collaboration.
Developing a communication strategy focused on key benefits of Drupal and open source, such as cost and speed of innovation.
Story about building custom Drupal 8 Distribution
The beginning of OpenY distribution.
The biggest technical challenges:
How to provide scalable and flexible architecture?
How to create integrations with 3rd party services?
How to provide smooth and easy Installation process?
How to support friendly Upgrade Path for the customers?
How to setup sustainable Continuous Integration for the Drupal 8 Distribution?
The road to the 1st major release 1.0
Where is OpenY community now and what are our plans.
This session will reveal how open source software and Drupal can drive business results with better customer experiences, faster speed to market, and lower costs. It should be beneficial for all community members regardless of the position.
Open P2P Design: A Metadesign methodology for Open Design Projects @IaacMassimo Menichinelli
Presentation about Open P2P Design applied to Open Design projects at the Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia,
Barcelona
01-02-10
http://www.iaac.net/
http://www.iaacblog.com/2010/02/s2-open-source-design-5/
Introduction to (web) APIs - definitions, examples, concepts and trendsOlaf Janssen
This story is about the added value of APIs (application programming interfaces) for modern businesses, developers and software consumers. It deals with API-fundamentals and shows how APIs are the cornerstones of modern business development (BizDev2.0). By looking at casestudies from Google Maps, Twitter, Amazon, eBay, Moo, Flickr, Netflix and other web2.0-companies, it becomes clear how APIs add value for all parties on the modern web.
This presentation was given by Olaf Janssen - Open Data coordinator for the National Library of the Netherlands (KB) - as a lecture for students of the master's course "Digital Access to Cultural Heritage" at Leiden University on 13-3-2014
Open Source means a lot of things and revolutionized the way software is built over the last two decades.
Whether developing a product or providing a service, companies are rushing to get their businesses cloud ready, increasingly (big) data driven and flexible enough to take advantage of the inherent business scalability opportunities offered by the cloud.
And as the focus switches to the scale economies of execution, from ever cheaper opaque hosted web storage and connected services to the immutable containers movement, a question arises: what is the role of Open Source software in a world in which not only software (SaaS), but also platform (PaaS) and infrastructure (IaaS) are increasingly delivered (and consumed) as hosted services?
In this session, we'll attempt to answer to this question, by providing examples of Open Source cloud & big data companies and studying the effects of open development ecosystems and how Open Source is engrained in the fabric of the Cloud.
A round up of resources (websites, blogs and other sources) that I've found useful in 2015 and will continue to do so in 2016. This edition is centered around 3 key trends for 2016.
This presentations covers meaning of open source, history of open source, open source software available in market, why developers and company create open source software.
Goodle Developer Days Munich 2008 - Open Social UpdatePatrick Chanezon
Updates about the OpenSocial ecosystem at Google developer days Munich, including presentations from Xing, Lokalisten, netlog and Viadeo..
OpenSocial is an open specification defining a common API that works on many different social websites, including MySpace, Plaxo, Hi5, Ning, orkut, Friendster Salesforce.com and LinkedIn, among others. This allows developers to learn one API, then write a social application for any of those sites: Learn once, write anywhere.
In addition, in order to make it easier for developers of social sites to implement the API and make their site an OpenSocial container, the Apache project Shindig provides reference implementations for OpenSocial containers in two languages (Java, PHP). Shindig will define a language specific Service Provider Interface (SPI) that a social site can implement to connect Shindig to People, Persistence and Activities backend services for the social site. Shindig will then expose these services as OpenSocial JavaScript and REST APIs.
In this session we will explain what OpenSocial is, show examples of OpenSocial containers and applications, demonstrate how to create an OpenSocial application, and explain how to leverage Apache Shindig in order to implement an OpenSocial container.
Similar to Technologies, Places, Business Models for Open Design @ Pixelversity, Helsinki (23/09/2011) (20)
"Open and collaborative design processes. Meta-Design, ontologies and platforms within the Maker Movement"
Doctoral defense @Aalto University 11.11.2020
Custos: Professor Lily Diaz-Kommonen, Aalto University, Department of Media, Aalto Media Lab
Opponent: Professor Elisa Giaccardi, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
The emergence of the Maker Movement has taken place in the context of a design practice and research that is now open, peer-to-peer, diffuse, distributed, decentralized; activity-based; meta-designed; ontologically-defined; locally-bounded but globally-networked and community-centered. For many years the author participated and worked in the Maker Movement, with a special focus on its usage of digital platforms and digital fabrication tools for collaboratively designing and manufacturing digital and physical artifacts as Open Design projects. The author’s main focus in practice and research as a meta-designer was in understanding how can participants in distributed systems collaboratively work together through tools and platforms for the designing and managing of collaborative processes. The main research question of this dissertation is: How can we support and integrate the research and practice of meta-designers in analyzing, designing and sharing open and collaborative design and making processes within open, peer-to-peer and distributed systems?
Press release: https://www.aalto.fi/en/events/defense-in-the-field-of-new-media-msc-massimo-menichinelli
Video: https://youtu.be/ZYSCcIG0Q6k
Dissertation: http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-64-0091-4
Research On And Through Design With Open, Distributed And Collaborative Desig...Massimo Menichinelli
Massimo Menichinelli
"Research On And Through Design With Open, Distributed And Collaborative Design Processes Within The Maker Movement"
08/11/2019
https://www.designsociety.org/939/Symposium+on+Design+Theory+and+Innovation
Platforms, Networks And Impact Of Open, Distributed And Collaborative Design ...Massimo Menichinelli
Massimo Menichinelli
"Platforms, Networks And Impact Of Open, Distributed And Collaborative Design And Making Processes"
Tongji University - Shanghai
19/11/2019
The Decentralization Turns In Design: An Exploration Through The Maker Moveme...Massimo Menichinelli
Massimo Menichinelli
Priscilla Ferronato
"The Decentralization Turns In Design: An Exploration Through The Maker Movement"
DeSForm19 - MIT Design Lab
10/10/2019
The challenges posed by the complexity of our times requires the Design discipline to understand the many complex relationships behind the social, business, technology and territory dimensions of each project. Such nature of complex systems lays not only inside design projects, but also inside the design processes that generate them, and the ability of organizing them through meta-design approaches is becoming strategic. Since the turn of the century, the design discipline has increasingly moved its scope from single users to local and online communities, from isolated projects to system of solutions. This shift has brought researchers and practitioners to investigate tools and strategies to enable mass- scale interactions by adopting several models and tools coming from software development and web-based technologies: Open Source, P2P, DDD (Diffuse, Distributed, and Decentralized) systems. This influence has matured over the years, and if we observed in the past how such systemic models can be applied in the design practice (part 1), we are facing now a new phase where Design will have an increasing role in enabling such systems through the analysis, visualization and design of their collaborative tools, platforms, processes and organizations (part 2). This scope falls into the Meta-Design domain, where designers build environments for the collaborative design of open processes and their resulting organizations (part 3). In this paper, we address this phenomena by elaborating the Open Meta-Design framework (part 4), that provides a way for designing open, collaborative and distributed processes (including those in the professional design domain). The paper positions the framework among current meta-design and design approaches and develops its features of modeling, analysis, management and visualization of processes. This framework is based on four dimensions: conceptual (describing the philosophy, context and limitations of the approach), data (describing the ontology of design processes), design (visualizing designing processes) and software (managing the connections between the ontology and the visualization, the data and design dimensions). We believe that such a framework could potentially facilitate the participation and the creation of open, collaborative and distributed processes, enabling therefore more relevant interactions for communities. As a conclusion, the paper provides a roadmap for developing and testing the Open Meta-Design framework, and therefore evaluating its relevance in supporting complex projects (part 5).
Fonts play a crucial role in both User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) design. They affect readability, accessibility, aesthetics, and overall user perception.
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Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
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Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...
Technologies, Places, Business Models for Open Design @ Pixelversity, Helsinki (23/09/2011)
1. Technologies, places, business models for Open Design
Massimo Menichinelli
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
September 23rd 2011
Pixelversity – Pixelache, Helsinki
http://www.pixelache.ac/helsinki/pixelversity/programme-2011/open-p2p-
design/
Presentation available at:
http://www.slideshare.net/openp2pdesign
12. Fabbing service + marketplace: Shapeways
Source: http://www.shapeways.com
13. Fabbing service + marketplace: i.materialise (Belgium)
Source: http://i.materialise.com/
14. Fabbing service + marketplace: Sculpteo (France)
Source: http://www.sculpteo.com/en/
15. Open Source: RepRap
RepRap: the first open source 3D printer you can buy or
build at home and that replicates itself.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RepRap_Project http://www.reprap.org
16. Open Source: Makerbot (building on the RepRap)
Makerbot: easier to build than the RepRap, not an
experiment but for everyday use.
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/retrocactus/5875140581/in/pool-1024769@N20/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/micahdowty/5288805084/in/pool-1024769@N20/ http://www.makerbot.com/
17. MakerBot: 3D printing
(Video on next slide)
Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8XJUqHXgls
18. Open Source: Ultimaker (building on RepRap / Makerbot)
Ultimaker: faster, bigger and with higher details.
Source: http://reprap.org/wiki/Ultimaker http://blog.ultimaker.com/
26. Open Design City, a different format
Interview:
http://www.openp2pdesign.org/2011/fabbing/an-interview-with-open-design-city/
Source: http://opendesigncity.de/
27. Fabbing in a common place: FabLab
FabLabs: a place for studying how information and matter
interact and doing it in an open source and collaborative
way.
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/protospace/5199454304/
28. FabLab: from MIT and Neil Gershenfeld
Source:
http://cba.mit.edu/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gershenfeld
36. An interesting example: Barcelona FabCity
“Toni Vives [...], Head of the Department the Urban Habitat in the Ofce of the Mayor of
Barcelona and member of the IAAC Board of Directors, presented the city’s plan to
become a “Fab City” with multiple Fab Labs in neighborhoods around Barcelona.”
Source: http://www.iaacblog.com/blog/2011/iaac-at-fab-7-in-lima-peru/
41. ADDlab: Aalto Digital Design Laboratory (Architecture)
Source: http://addlab.aalto.fi/
42. Aalto Media Factory: FabLab Helsinki
Source: http://mediafactory.aalto.fi/?p=1076
43. 04.
Why should a designer be
concerned about business?
I'm a designer, after all!
44. (Open) Design + Business ?
A designer / researcher studying how to co-design Open Processes with
communities, trying to make his design / research activity sustainable.
Source: Scott Beale / Laughing Squid http://laughingsquid.com/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/laughingsquid/1019493074/
45. (Open) Design + Business ?
Commissioned a report on business models of:
* Open Hardware
http://www.openp2pdesign.org/2011/open-design/business-models-for-open-hardware/
* Fab Labs
http://www.openp2pdesign.org/2011/fabbing/business-models-for-fab-labs/
* DIY Craft
http://www.openp2pdesign.org/2011/open-design/business-models-for-diy-craft/
47. From a paper project to a real project
Designers start thinking
about the business
Source: http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/danprovost/glif-iphone-4-tripod-mount-and-stand
48. From a paper project to a real project
Now on Apple Store!
Source: http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1104350651/tiktok-lunatik-multi-touch-watch-kits
49. Just being “Open” is not enough: is it needed?
.. but what about the
market?
Source: http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1833785894/100k-stray-toasthed-pull-toys
51. Business models of Open Source (software)
Non-monetary incentives:
* problem solving
* ethical questions
* education + learning
* reputation --> social interactions + jobs
--> it's not just about money! Also a gift economy
52. Business models of Open Source (software)
Monetary incentives:
* selling software (as open or even with dual licensing)
* offering services (customisation, support, ...)
* paid developer work
* donation
* software as service (freemium, ...)
* embedding software into hardware
--> … it's not just only volunteer work!
Also a market economy
53. Business models of Open Source (software)
Red Hat
first open source company expected to break through the
$1bn mark in 2011.
Source: http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2011/03/24/redhat_q4_f2011_numbers/
Cost of developing Linux
The Linux Foundation (LF) (2008): $10.8 billion to build the
Linux community distribution Fedora 9 in today’s dollars
with today’s software development costs.
$1.4 billion to develop the Linux kernel alone.
Source: http://www.linuxfoundation.org/sites/main/files/publications/estimatinglinux.html
54. Please note: Open Business is not completely open
* identity (brand) is fixed and is a warranty certificate
* existing business ecosystems may not be open
* knowledge, expertise, tools, resources are not always “open”
Source: http://www.blender.org/blenderorg/blender-foundation/logo/ Source: http://www.arduino.cc
55. The levels of openness in Open Hardware
Patrick McNamara defined 4 possible levels of Openness in Open Hardware
projects:
1. Closed: any hardware for which the creator of the hardware
will not release any information.
2. Open Interface: all the documentation on how to make a
piece of hardware perform the function for which it is designed
is available (minimum level of openness).
3. Open Design: in which enough detailed documentation is
provided that a functionally compatible device could be
created by a third party.
4. Open Implementation: the complete bill of materials
necessary to construct the device is available.
Source: http://www.osbr.ca/ojs/index.php/osbr/article/view/379/340
56. The business models of Open Hardware
* Services and expertise (customization, consulting)
* Manufacturing of owned or third party Open Hardware
* Manufacturing of proprietary hardware based on Open
Hardware
* Dual-licensing
* Proprietary hardware designs based on Open Hardware
* Proprietary software tools for developing Open Hardware
* ... and:
Source: http://www.openp2pdesign.org/2011/open-design/business-models-for-open-hardware/
57. The business models of Open Hardware
* Proprietary hardware tools for Open Hardware (Sparklelabs)
Source: http://kits.sparklelabs.com/
58. The business models of Open Hardware
* Free services for building a greater user base (Adafruit Jobs Board)
Source: http://www.adafruit.com/jobs/
59. The business models of Open Hardware
+ =
* Partnership between Open and Fabbing companies (Ponoko + Sparkfun)
Source: http://www.ponoko.com/make-and-sell/electronics
60. The business models of Open Hardware
* Funding Open Hardware projects in exchange for documentation
Source: http://bildr.org/
61. The business models of Open Hardware
* Piracy as a learning and market building strategy (Shanzai)
Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ttstam/4177935719/
62. The business models of Open Hardware
* Brick and mortar store (Makerbot - Botcave)
Source: http://www.makerbot.com/blog/2010/11/26/makerbot-botcave-store-opens-today/
63. The business models of Open Hardware
* Renting spaces for co-working (Hackerspaces)
Source: http://hackerspaces.org/wiki/NYC_Resistor
64. The business models of Open Hardware
* Microcredit / peer-to-peer lending / crowdfunding (Open Hardware Bank)
Source: http://www.oshwbank.org/
65. 2009:
The market of Open Hardware * 13 companies over $ 1 m.
$11.000.000
* total: $ 50 m.
$10.000.000 * $ 1 billion by 2015
$9.000.000
$8.000.000
$7.000.000
$6.000.000
Revenues
$5.000.000
$4.000.000
$3.000.000
$2.000.000
$1.000.000
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Source: http://blog.makezine.com/archive/2010/05/million-dollar-baby-businesses-de.html
66. The market of Open Hardware: SparkFun
Nathan Seidle (founder):
“In 2010, SparkFun had revenues of about $18.4MM. As of April of 2011, we have
around 120 employees, up from 87 a year ago.”
“We hope to grow by 50% this year (2011) to around $28MM in sales. We expect
to be in the 30-50MM range in the next 3-5.”
Source: http://www.sparkfun.com/news/599
68. Similar models for DIY Craft... Etsy Total Members: +8 million
Total Active Shops: +800,000
Items Listed: 8.5 million
$350.000.000
$300.000.000
$250.000.000
Total $ sold (Gross Merchandise Sales)
$200.000.000
$150.000.000
$100.000.000
$50.000.000
$0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (March)
Source: http://www.etsy.com/press/kit/
69. Similar models for DIY Craft... Sewing Cafes
* Renting spaces for co-working (Sewing Cafes)
Source: http://sweatshopparis.blogspot.com/
71. ...and 1 more: Crowdsourcing (Threadless)
Founded in 2000 with just $ 1,000, now it has a revenue of $ 17,000,000 in
annual sales with a 35% profit margin.
Source:
http://www.threadless.com/submit
http://www.openp2pdesign.org/2011/open-design/business-models-for-diy-craft/
72. A place for Open / DIY projects: Fab Labs
How to start it:
* $50,000-$55,000 (or open source low-cost version for $12,500 - $5000)
* value proposal: facilities or innovation support
* The Enabler business model: launch new Labs or support them
* The Education business model: a global distributed model of education
through Fab Labs (Fab Academy + P2P learning among users)
* The Incubator business model: provide infrastructure for entrepreneurs to
turn their Fab Lab creations into sustainable businesses.
* The Replicated / Network business model: product / service that utilizes
the infrastructure, staff and expertise of a many Fab Labs.
* not so interested in becoming profitables
+ Hackerspaces, Sewing
(though they could) Cafes, Techshops, ...
Source: http://www.openp2pdesign.org/2011/fabbing/business-models-for-fab-labs/
73. A place for Open / DIY projects: Fab Labs
* attached to institutions... or to brands (Absolut Lab, Madrid)
http://www.absolut-lab.com/
-->
Source:
http://www.openp2pdesign.org/2011/fabbing/business-models-for-fab-labs/
http://www.advertolog.com/absolut/print-outdoor/berlin-7686855/
74. 06.
The future of Open and DIY
Business: where will be value
created?
75. Look for what is becoming a commodity
A commodity is a good for which there is demand, but which is
supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market. [...] the
market treats it as equivalent or nearly so no matter who produces
it.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodity
Commoditization (also called commodification) occurs as a goods
or services market loses differentiation across its supply base, often
by the diffusion of the intellectual capital necessary to acquire or
produce it efficiently. […] a unique, branded product into a market
based on undifferentiated products.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commoditization
76. Hardware and Software, becoming commodities
* ('50s-'70s) Hardware is the product, software is for free:
mainframes
--> Hacker ethic of sharing information
* ('80s-'90s) Hardware is commodity, software is the product
and it's proprietary: personal computers
--> Microsoft emerges
* ('00s-...) Even software is a commodity, so let's sell services
and get data from users: open source, web 2.0, services
around software, software as service, the cloud
--> web 2.0 emerges
77. Manufacturing and Design, becoming commodities
* ('90s-'00s) Manufacturing becomes a commodity and
slowly disappears in the West (thanks to China)
* ('10s-...) Now it's even more a commodity
(thanks to Fabbing)
* ('00s-...) Professional design is slowly becoming a
commodity (thanks to Fast Fashion, Ikea, design schools
bubble, Shanzai)
--> Where is value now, in Design and Manufacturing?
78. … so is still value in offering creativity?
Source: http://www.freedomofcreation.com/home/3d-systems-acquires-freedom-of-creation
79. … or in enabling creativity?
Source: http://blog.3dsystems.com/2011/05/3d-systems-partners-with-alibre.html
http://www.alibre.com/
80. … in attention, collaboration, creativity from “users”?
“ We fnd this previously unmeasured type of household sector
innovation to be quite large: 6.2% of UK consumers - 2.9 million
individuals - have engaged in consumer product innovation during
the prior 3 years. In aggregate, consumers’ annual product
development expenditures are 2.3 times larger than the annual
consumer product R&D expenditures of all frms in the UK
combined. “
Eric A. Von Hippel, Jeroen De Jong, Steven Flowers
Comparing Business and Household Sector Innovation in Consumer
Products: Findings from a Representative Study in the UK
Source: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1683503
82. Does the long tail of Etsy help small DIY business?
* very few users can make a living on it
* competition, but impossibility to increase volumes
--> downward pressure on prices
* rather an incubator for the most promising DIYers
(a low-cost entry point into the market)
Source:
http://www.openp2pdesign.org/2011/open-design/business-models-for-diy-craft/
83. Does the long tail help small DIY business?
None of the business examined tries to help its user to make a living on their
project. At least Shapeways uses revenues to lower prices down. But
Shapeways:
* generated 244,000 € in revenue over 2009, but at the same time it lost
1,400,000 €
* received a $ 5,000,000 fund from VC in order to open offices in the USA
Source:
http://www.openp2pdesign.org/2011/fabbing/business-models-for-fab-labs/
84. … and a lesson from the past
In 1914 Ford offered a $5 per day wage ($110 in current dollar terms), which
more than doubled the wages. Ford's policy proved that paying people more
would enable Ford workers to afford the cars they were producing and be good
for the economy. Ford explained the policy as profit-sharing rather than
wages.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford
85. Crowdsourcing, mass-collaboration and work
“If crowdsourcing runs on people’s “spare cycles”—their downtime not
claimed by work or family obligations—that quantity is now in surplus. […]
Crowdsourcing is proving to be highly efcient at identifying and exploiting
those “spare cycles”.”
Source: Howe, J., 2008. Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business 1st
ed., Crown Business.
“First the 'human resource' is not just inside the boundaries of your
company. The world is your resource. This is more than outsourcing.
Companies can now tap into vast pools of labour."
Source: Tapscott, D. & Williams, A.D., 2006. Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything,
Portfolio Hardcover.
86. Yes, but where is the work that permits spare cycles?
In UK:
“Data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency shows that
just 65.5 per cent of those who graduated from creative art
and design undergraduate and postgraduate courses in 2007
are in full-time employment.
This is below the average fgure of 72.3 per cent of 2007
graduates from all courses, who are in full-time work.”
Source: http://t.co/Wgl2GGI
87. Yes, but where is the work that permits spare cycles?
Source: http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/11_39.html
88. Open Innovation vs. Closed Innovation
Open innovation is a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use
external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to
market, as the firms look to advance their technology.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_innovation http://shar.es/HN3Ua
89. Open Innovation vs. Open Source
“Open innovation is sometimes confated with open source
methodologies for software development. There are some
concepts that are shared between the two, such as the idea of
greater external sources of information to create value. However,
open innovation explicitly incorporates the business model as the
source of both value creation and value capture. This latter role of
the business model enables the organization to sustain its
position in the industry value chain over time. While open source
shares the focus on value creation throughout an industry value
chain, its proponents usually deny or downplay the importance of
value capture.”
Source: Chesbrough, H., 2011. Open Services Innovation: Rethinking Your Business to Grow and Compete in a
New Era 1st ed., Jossey-Bass.
http://www.amazon.com/Open-Services-Innovation-Rethinking-Business/dp/0470905743
90. ..so is it a gift vs. monetary economy?
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gift_economy
91. Open and P2P Money, are they a solution?
Does it address the current problems of money, or is just a way of making
it “open” reinventing the wheel without proposing business models?
Source: http://www.bitcoin.org/
92. When everything is peaking...
Even renewable resources like wood are peaking.. What and how are we
going to manufacture when everybody will be able to do it?
Source: http://ecoalfabeta.blogosfere.it/2011/03/il-picco-del-legno.html
93. … reinventing an open wheel is not enough
Will just making open an unstainable past be sustainable?
Source: http://www.theoscarproject.org/
94. New language, business for the new media: collaboration
Every new technology takes time to develop its own uses, languages and
business models.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car
95. New language, business for the new media: collaboration
Every new technology takes time to develop its own uses, languages and
business models.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse-drawn_vehicle
96. … blocks of an Open, DIY and P2P Economy
* open business for design, energy, materials, tools
* open business that consider information as abundant but
materials and energy as scarce resources
* open money (but well designed and linked to energy and
materials)
* API and Open Data between open businesses
* Open processes + distributed testing of business models