This presentations covers meaning of open source, history of open source, open source software available in market, why developers and company create open source software.

1. Presented by
P16234954 – Sahil Kajani

2.  Introduction to Open Source
 History of Open Source
 Steps to become open source oriented
 Business case for open source
 Benefits
 Open source for developers
 Disadvantages
 Red Hat
 Management issues in open source

3. “Open Source” is a software-licensing model where the
source code of the software is typically made available
royalty-free to the users of the software, under terms
allowing redistribution, modification and addition,
though often with certain restrictions.
(http://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/copyright/en/wipo_ip_cm_07/wipo_ip_cm_07_www_8257
5.pdf)

5.  Licensed Software
 Access to Source Code
 Rights to Modify
 Freedom to Redistribute
 No discrimination against persons or groups
 No discrimination against specific field of endeavor
(https://www.lynda.com/Programming-Foundations-tutorials/Introduction-open-source-open-source-
principles/439414/481238-4.html)

6.  Open source movement was born in the U.S. academic world
 Computer scientists working in higher education were the first to
develop and freely share software in the 1950s
 During the 1970s Unix, an operating system that could run on
multiple computer platforms, became popular in academic circles.
 By the 1980s, the importance of software became clear and many
technology leaders began speaking out against the ever-increasing
costs associated with it.
 The GNU Project was launched in 1984 to create a complete
computer operating system that was free from constraints on use of
its source code, and also in part to protest the costs and limitations
of commercial software.
 In 1991, the Linux operating system emerged under the GNU Public
License. Millions use GNU/Linux today, though many refer to it as
simply, Linux.
 As a result, the term “open source software” was coined in 1998
when Netscape finally released the source code for its cutting-edge
web browser, in hopes of improving it by allowing more people to
find and fix bugs.
Source (https://www.longsight.com/learning-
center/history-open-source)

7.  Participate in the Conversation
 Use the Software
 Report Bugs
 Contribute Fixes
 Write an Example Application
 Start Your Own Project

8.  Commercial Version: You give something for free so it gets used by
many and you, the main expert, sell consultancies, adaptations, and
if the open source license is not business friendly you can also sell
the COMMERCIAL VERSION and more. e.g MY SQL
 Shared Products: Many companies share their effort creating
something that is not strategic as a "selling product" but they need
it. So they work in the open on a common project. They probably
have commercial products based on the open source products, so
they sell their product but share some of their costs. E.g Apache
 New Market: They give their sources for free so the product is
adopted by more people and maybe this create a new market for
some other commercial product or disturb the market of some
competitor.
(https://www.quora.com/Whats-the-business-case-behind-open-source-software)

9.  Security - the more people who can see and test a set of
code, the more likely any flaws will be caught and fixed
quickly
 Quality - It is more likely to be better quality software
package as it created by thousands of developers
 Customizability - business users can take a piece of open
source software and tweak it to suit their needs. Since the
code is open, it's simply a matter of modifying it to add the
functionality they want.
 Flexibility - Open source software, on the other hand, is
typically much less resource-intensive, meaning that you can
run it well even on older hardware. It's up to you--not some
vendor--to decide when it's time to upgrade.
 Auditability - The visibility of the code behind open source
software, however, means you can see for yourself and be
confident.
Source (http://www.pcworld.com/article/209891/10_reasons_open_source_is_good_for_business.html)

10.  CV/Hire: Many developers have been hired by Google&Co simply
because they where the authors of good open source libraries. It is
simply the best proof of your skills.
 Programming Experience - Programmers will seek out open source
projects that they find interesting and look for areas where they can
make a difference.
 Learning - a newbie programmer with at least one year of solid
programming education (even if it’s self-taught learning), contributing
to an open source project can be one way to learn programming faster.
 Offer Support and Services - By far the most common method of income
is to provide a service alongside the OSS product Pick any OSS project
from random and there’s a good chance that they utilize this method in
one way or another.
 Compiled binaries - Despite releasing your source code for free, you can
always find potential users who want to use your software but don’t have
the knowledge, time, or energy to compile it on their own. These users
are often willing to pay you to compile your own code on their behalf.
Source http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/people-contribute-open-source-projects/

11.  No Commercial Product - Because there is no requirement to create a
commercial product that will sell and generate money, open source software
can tend to evolve more in line with developers’ wishes than the needs of the
end user.
 Less User Friendly - For the same reason, they can be less “user-friendly”
and not as easy to use because less attention is paid to developing the user
interface.
 Support - There may also be less support available for when things go wrong
open source software tends to rely on its community of users to respond to
and fix problems.
 External Purchases - Although the open source software itself is mostly free,
there may still be some indirect costs involved, such as paying for external
support.
 Vulnerabilities - Although having an open system means that there are many
people identifying bugs and fixing them, it also means that malicious users
can potentially view it and exploit any vulnerabilities.
(http://entrepreneurhandbook.co.uk/open-source-software/)

12.  Red Hat is a leading software company in the business of assembling open
source components for the Linux operating system and related programs
into a distribution package that can easily be ordered and implemented.
 Red Hat was one of the first companies to realize that "free" software could
be sold as a product
 The advantages to buying the distribution from Red Hat, rather than
assembling it yourself at no cost, is the support you receive.
 Red Hat offers services that aren't provided as quickly by individual
component developers, including members of the Free Software Foundation
 Like all free software, Red Hat's packages allow the buyer to modify and
even resell modified versions of code as long as they do not restrict anyone
else from further modification.
 Red Hat provides over 400 different software packages, including the C
language compiler from Cygnus, a Web serve from Apache, and the X
Window System from X Consortium
(http://searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com/definition/Red-Hat)

13.  Legal - Issues relating to confidentiality and data privacy can arise
 Intellectual property - A number of intellectual property issues can arise
when companies embrace open source software, such as with copyright
and patent related matters.
 Security - Software security is the idea of engineering software so that it
continues to function correctly under malicious attack. Some open
source software code unfortunately poses security risks.
 Operational - Just like software design, development, test and release
with proprietary software code, open source software can also pose
some operational type issues to companies
 Business - Open source software if not handled properly can have an
adverse impact on the business.
Source (https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/issues-when-embracing-open-source-software-donal-o-connell)

14.  www.opensource.com
 https://www.longsight.com/learning-center/history-open-
source
 www.redhat.com
 http://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/copyright/en/wipo_ip_cm_07
/wipo_ip_cm_07_www_82575.pdf
 http://searchenterpriselinux.techtarget.com/definition/Red-Hat
 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/issues-when-embracing-
open-source-software-donal-o-connell
 http://www.cio.com/article/2378859/open-source-tools/7-
reasons-not-to-use-open-source-software.html
 http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/people-contribute-open-
source-projects/
 https://www.lynda.com/Programming-Foundations-
tutorials/Introduction-open-source-open-source-
principles/439414/481238-4.html

15. Any Questions?