2. Quiz
a. Traditional grammar that native speakers usually study in
middle school, high school, or college is basically descriptive
grammar. It focuses on the terminology and rules a
language, and it is the same as the grammar for ELLs.
False. Traditional grammar is basically prescriptive grammar. It
is different from the grammar for ELLs because they have
different needs, they don’t have the instinctive knowledge of
native speaker. ELL grammar must meet ELL need to
communicate: write, listen, and read in the language being
taught.
3. Quiz
b. The instinctual knowledge of grammar that comes with
acquiring a language natively does not transfer to the
understanding of the structure of another language because it
reflects only knowledge of what is and isn’t done, not
necessarily the understanding of the structure itself.
True.
c. Grammar for ELLs is the same as the grammar that native
speakers study in school because they need to
communicate, write, listen to, and read the language in the
same way as native speakers.
False. ELLs have different needs. Native speakers study
traditional grammar in school while grammar for ELL is usually
taught to serve specific purposes, such as communication in
different contexts.
4. Quiz
Contrast the ideas of indirect approach and direct approach in
teaching grammar. (10 points – 5 points each)
“A direct approach in teaching grammar will present the
structures pointing out terminology as well as the function of the
grammatical points. The TOEFL classes are an example of this
approach… The indirect approach will not usually use the
grammatical terms as explicitly as the direct one. It will elicit
inferences from the students.”
5. Quiz
Explain the acronyms ESL, EFL, ESP, ELL and K-12. (25 points = 5 points
each)
• ESL -English as a Second Language – The student studies English in
an environment English as where everyone speaks that lge. The
student is usually in Canada, USA, Great Britain, etc.
• EFL - English as a Foreign Language – The student studies English in a
country… in which the people do not speak English as their first
language. Brazilians who study at CTJ in Brasília.”
• ESP -English for specific purposes. A student studies the language
having a special purpose in mind, like business, test
preparation, academic purposes, etc.
• ELL - English Language Learner. A person who is learning English.
• K-12 - Kindergarten to Twelfth Grade - Children/Teenagers who learn
English in a regular school environment, usually in the USA and
Canada. They are usually children from immigrants to those
countries. “
6. Quiz
Explain the differences between inductive and deductive
teaching.
“Inductive teaching is more student-oriented. The teacher
teaches the lesson in a very interactive way, and lets the ss infer
the meaning, the grammar, etc by themselves.”
“Deductive teaching asks ss to explain and infer the grammar
explicitly presented by the teacher on the bb, for instance.
7. Quiz
(1)Van Gogh was born in Holland in 1853, the son of a
vicar.(2)He was deeply religious and he had worked as a lay
preacher in England and among Belgian miners. (3)Because he
had been deeply impressed by the art of Millet and its social
message, he decided to become a painter.
• 1 pronoun - he
• 2 conjunctions - and, because
• interjection - NG
• dependent clause - Because he had been deeply ………….. of
Millet and its social message
• 4 noun phrases (NP)– Van Gogh, the son, a vicar, a lay
preacher, etc.
8. Quiz
(1)Van Gogh was born in Holland in 1853, the son of a
vicar.(2)He was deeply religious and he had worked as a lay
preacher in England and among Belgian miners. (3)Because he
had been deeply impressed by the art of Millet and its social
message, he decided to become a painter.
• 3 verb phrases (VP) - was born, was, had worked
• 2 prepositional phrases (PP) - in Holland, of a vicar
• 2 adjectival phrases (AdjP)- deeply religious, lay
• adverbial phrase (AdvP) - deeply
• Sentence (1) simple
• Sentence (2) compound
• Sentence(3) complex
9. Adverb Clauses
Adverb clauses are subordinate clauses that show relationships
between ideas related to time, cause and effect, contrast and
condition.
What type of adverb clause do the subordinating conjunctions
below start?
after before when while
as since until till
as soon as once as long as so long as
whenever every time the first time the last time
the next time by the time
10. Adverb Clauses of Time
Match the clauses below, turning one of them into an adverb
clause of time.
1. A) I will go to Hawaii.
B) I’m going to visit Mauna Loa, the world’s largest active
volcano.
When I go to Hawaii, I’m going to visit Mauna Loa, the world’s
largets active volcano.
2. A) I left my apartment this morning.
B) The mail carrier delivered the mail. (I could get it.)
The mail carried had already delivered the mail when I left my
apartment this morning.
Order of Clauses Verb Tenses in Adverb Clauses
11. Adverb Clauses
What type of adverb clause do the subordinating conjunctions
below start?
because now that since
Adverb Clauses of Cause and Effect
Match the clauses below, turning one of them into an adverb
clause of cause and effect.
1. A) We can go swimming every day.
B) The weather is warm.
We can go swimming every day because the weather is warm.
since (time) X since (cause and effect)
12. Adverb Clauses
What type of adverb clause do the subordinating conjunctions
below start?
even though although though
Adverb Clauses of Contrast
Match the clauses below, turning one of them into an adverb
clause of contrast.
1. A) I went swimming.
B) The weather was cold.
Although the weather was cold, I went swimming.
Contrast (Unexpected Result)
13. Adverb Clauses
What type of adverb clause do the subordinating conjunctions
below start?
whereas while
Adverb Clauses of Contrast
Match the clauses below, turning one of them into an adverb
clause of contrast.
1. A) Some people are tall.
B) Others are short.
While some people are tall, others are short.
Some people are tall, while others are short.
Contrast (Direct Contrast) Special Punctuation
14. Adverb Clauses
What type of adverb clause do the subordinating conjunctions
below start?
if unless only if whether or not
even if in case
Adverb Clauses of Condition
Match the clauses below, turning one of them into an adverb
clause of condition.
1. A) It will rain tomorrow.
B) I will arrive late.
If it rains tomorrow, I will arrive late.
Verb Tenses
15. Adverb Clauses of Condition
whether or not = Neither this condition nor its opposite
even if matters; the result will be the same.
Match the clauses below, turning one of them into an adverb
clause of condition.
1. A) It may be cold tomorrow, but I don’t care.
B) I will go swimming tomorrow.
Whether or not it is cold tomorrow, I will go swimming.
Even if it is cold tomorrow, I will go swimming.
16. Adverb Clauses of Condition
in case = This condition probably won’t happen, but it
might. (if by chance this happens...)
Match the clauses below, turning one of them into an adverb
clause of condition.
1. A) You probably won’t need to get in touch with me, but
maybe you will.
B) I will give you my phone number.
In case you need to get in touch with me, I will give you my
number.
Observe the difference...
If you need to get in touch with me, I will give you my number.
17. Adverb Clauses of Condition
unless = if ... not
Match the clauses below, turning one of them into an adverb
clause of condition.
1. A) It will probably be cold tomorrow.
B) I will go swimming tomorrow.
Unless it is cold tomorrow, I’ll go swimming.
Observe the difference...
If it is NOT cold tomorrow, I’ll go swimming.
18. Adverb Clauses of Condition
only if = There is only one condition.
Match the clauses below, turning one of them into an adverb
clause of condition.
1. A) The picnic will be canceled with one condition only.
B) The condition is a rainy weather.
Only if it rains, the picnic will be canceled.
