Taufiq Rafat was a Pakistani poet who gained recognition for his distinct writing style and unique exploration of various themes in his poetry. He was born on June 8, 1927, in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan, and passed away on August 2, 1998.
Writing Style:
Taufiq Rafat is known for his experimental and innovative approach to poetry. He broke away from traditional forms and structures and embraced a more modernist and surrealistic style. His poetry often featured vivid and imaginative imagery, intricate wordplay, and a blending of traditional and contemporary elements. Rafat's writing was marked by a deep sensitivity to the natural world and a keen observation of everyday life.
Themes:
Rafat's poetry touched upon a wide range of themes and subjects. Some of the recurring themes in his work include:
1. Nature: Rafat had a deep appreciation for nature and often drew inspiration from its beauty and transformative power. He portrayed the natural world as a source of solace, reflecting on its seasons, landscapes, and elements.
2. Identity and Culture: Rafat explored the complexities of identity and the cultural context of his homeland, Pakistan. He delved into the cultural heritage, traditions, and societal norms, questioning and reevaluating them through his poetry.
3. Love and Relationships: The themes of love, longing, and relationships featured prominently in Rafat's work. He explored the various dimensions of human emotions, including passion, desire, and heartbreak.
4. Social Issues: Rafat also touched upon social issues prevalent in Pakistani society, such as inequality, poverty, and political unrest. His poetry often offered critical commentary on these issues, urging for change and justice.
Biography:
Taufiq Rafat completed his education in Lahore, Pakistan, and went on to work as a lecturer in English literature at a college in Rawalpindi. He contributed to various literary journals and magazines and gained recognition for his unique poetic voice. Rafat's work was appreciated both within Pakistan and internationally, and he was regarded as a prominent figure in contemporary Urdu poetry. His poems have been translated into English and other languages, allowing a wider audience to appreciate his work.
Taufiq Rafat's writing style, with its experimental approach and vivid imagery, set him apart from his contemporaries. His exploration of diverse themes and subjects, from nature and culture to love and social issues, showcased his versatility as a poet. Despite his relatively short life, Rafat's poetry continues to be celebrated for its literary merit and contribution to Urdu literature.
Poetry, he wrote in the Preface, originates from ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’ which is filtered through ‘emotion recollected in tranquillity’.
Poetry, he wrote in the Preface, originates from ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’ which is filtered through ‘emotion recollected in tranquillity’.
This is a brief presentation of the basic concepts introduced by Russian formalism. It might be considered as a suitable departing point to the understanding of this literary theory.
Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the famed headmaster of Rugby School, and brother to both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator.
During this time Arnold wrote the bulk of his most famous critical works, Essays in Criticism (1865) and Culture and Anarchy (1869), in which he sets forth ideas that greatly reflect the predominant values of the Victorian era.
"For poetry the idea is everything; the rest is a world of illusion, of divine illusion. Poetry attaches its emotion to the idea; the idea is fact."
This is said by Matthew Arnold. According to him, IDEA is supreme and in poetry, it is the idea that matters, that are attached by poetry through emotions. According to him THE FUNCTION OF POETRY is to interpret life for us, to console us, to sustain us. He says if SCIENCE IS APPEARANCE then the POETRY IS EXPRESSION and there is no appearance without expression.
Then Arnold talks about setting our standard for poetry high. We must accustom ourselves to HIGH STANDARD and STRICT JUDGEMENT and there is no place for CHARLATANISM in poetry. Charlatanism is for confusing the difference between excellent and inferior, sound and unsound or only half sound, true and untrue or only half true. Judging with little differences has paramount importance, so there is no place for charlatanism in poetry.
Plato's Objection to Poetry and Aristotle's DefenceDilip Barad
This presentation deals with Greek philosopher Plato's objections to poetry and Aristotle's clarification on the confusion created by Plato. It is said that Plato confused study of morals/ethics with that of aesthetics. Aristotle removed this confusion.
it includes
objections and defence
Review of each paragraph
essence and existence
prose and poetry
meter
effects of meter
principles of writing
coleridge as a critic
The concept of imagination in biographia literariaDayamani Surya
Samuel Taylor Coleridge in his Biographia Literature considered that the mind can be divided into two faculties called as imagination and fancy.
Imagination is further divided into two types namely Primary Imagination and Secondary Imagination.
This is a brief presentation of the basic concepts introduced by Russian formalism. It might be considered as a suitable departing point to the understanding of this literary theory.
Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the famed headmaster of Rugby School, and brother to both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator.
During this time Arnold wrote the bulk of his most famous critical works, Essays in Criticism (1865) and Culture and Anarchy (1869), in which he sets forth ideas that greatly reflect the predominant values of the Victorian era.
"For poetry the idea is everything; the rest is a world of illusion, of divine illusion. Poetry attaches its emotion to the idea; the idea is fact."
This is said by Matthew Arnold. According to him, IDEA is supreme and in poetry, it is the idea that matters, that are attached by poetry through emotions. According to him THE FUNCTION OF POETRY is to interpret life for us, to console us, to sustain us. He says if SCIENCE IS APPEARANCE then the POETRY IS EXPRESSION and there is no appearance without expression.
Then Arnold talks about setting our standard for poetry high. We must accustom ourselves to HIGH STANDARD and STRICT JUDGEMENT and there is no place for CHARLATANISM in poetry. Charlatanism is for confusing the difference between excellent and inferior, sound and unsound or only half sound, true and untrue or only half true. Judging with little differences has paramount importance, so there is no place for charlatanism in poetry.
Plato's Objection to Poetry and Aristotle's DefenceDilip Barad
This presentation deals with Greek philosopher Plato's objections to poetry and Aristotle's clarification on the confusion created by Plato. It is said that Plato confused study of morals/ethics with that of aesthetics. Aristotle removed this confusion.
it includes
objections and defence
Review of each paragraph
essence and existence
prose and poetry
meter
effects of meter
principles of writing
coleridge as a critic
The concept of imagination in biographia literariaDayamani Surya
Samuel Taylor Coleridge in his Biographia Literature considered that the mind can be divided into two faculties called as imagination and fancy.
Imagination is further divided into two types namely Primary Imagination and Secondary Imagination.
Arrival is a PostColonial poem by EE Tiang Hong, a Malayan poet of Chinese ancestry. It describes the modernization of the capital city as a form of historical change from a
natural landscape to a city scape. Poet’s personal comments on modernization are expressed in the poem.
The poem is constructed upon the arrival at the destination of a journey which symbolizes the end of
modernization process through the destruction of nature. The poem displaces a set of ironic interrogations
against the beautiful city through the destruction of nature. The poem represents that this is nothing but a wasteland for the poet and demonstrates the hollowness of
the poet. The poet makes an evaluation completely different from that made by the public. People doubt
about their arrival and is unable to find a solution to the problem. He laments on the loss of nature due to
the consequence of the wrong policies and shallow ideas. One can find autobiographical elements and
complete Malaya development in this poem. Equal rights are promised as well.
Oral Literature
Fundamentals of Literature
BY Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
College of Social Sciences and Humanities
Department of English Language and Literature
Jimma, Ethiopia
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. Taufiq Rafat As a Poet
• Taufiq Rafat's contribution to English poetry in Pakistan
is significant.
• He is a major practitioner himself besides being an
inspiration for younger poets.
• Secondly, he has initiated a debate about the kind of
poetic idiom suitable for Pakistani poets writing in
English which will always remain valuable.
• And lastly he has introduced the English-knowing public
to Punjabi classical poetry and given prestige to that
poetry
4. Subjects of His Writings
The legendry Taufiq is also termed as the great Ezra
Pound of Literature.
Pioneer of pakistani English Poetry
Post_colonial Societies
National and Cultural selfhood
Native Identification
Presentation of Festivals
5. Rites and Rituals
Conflicts between tradition and modernity
Liberal humanist_values
Modernity and Post Modernity
Traditions of joint family system
Myths snd universal humanity
Local to Universal Experiences
Simple life with pain of complexities
6. Style's of His Writings
Creative writer and real carpenter
Speech Tonalities and idioms
Conversational Tone
Direct and Forcefull words use
Contrete Imagery
Sequential and logical Imagery
